[clang] Reapply "[Clang] Fix dependent local class instantiation bugs" (PR #135914)

[Younan Zhang via cfe-commits]

zyn0217 wrote:

The Linux CI failure seems unrelated because I saw the same from @cor3ntin's PR: https://buildkite.com/llvm-project/github-pull-requests/builds/168960


https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/135914