[clang] [Clang] Fix various bugs in alias CTAD transform (PR #132061)

[LLVM Continuous Integration via cfe-commits]

llvm-ci wrote:

LLVM Buildbot has detected a new failure on builder `clang-armv8-quick` running on `linaro-clang-armv8-quick` while building `clang` at step 5 "ninja check 1".

Full details are available at: https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/154/builds/13778

<details>
<summary>Here is the relevant piece of the build log for the reference</summary>

```
Step 5 (ninja check 1) failure: stage 1 checked (failure)
******************** TEST 'Clang :: SemaCXX/ctad.cpp' FAILED ********************
Exit Code: 1

Command Output (stderr):
--
RUN: at line 1: /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/stage1/bin/clang -cc1 -internal-isystem /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/stage1/lib/clang/21/include -nostdsysteminc -fsyntax-only -verify -Wno-unused-value -std=c++20 /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/llvm/clang/test/SemaCXX/ctad.cpp
+ /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/stage1/bin/clang -cc1 -internal-isystem /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/stage1/lib/clang/21/include -nostdsysteminc -fsyntax-only -verify -Wno-unused-value -std=c++20 /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/llvm/clang/test/SemaCXX/ctad.cpp
error: 'expected-error' diagnostics seen but not expected: 
  File /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/llvm/clang/test/SemaCXX/ctad.cpp Line 82: constant expression evaluates to 18446744073709551615 which cannot be narrowed to type 'size_t' (aka 'unsigned int')
error: 'expected-warning' diagnostics seen but not expected: 
  File /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/llvm/clang/test/SemaCXX/ctad.cpp Line 82: implicit conversion from 'unsigned long long' to 'size_t' (aka 'unsigned int') changes value from 18446744073709551615 to 4294967295
  File /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/llvm/clang/test/SemaCXX/ctad.cpp Line 82: implicit conversion from 'unsigned long long' to 'size_t' (aka 'unsigned int') changes value from 18446744073709551615 to 4294967295
error: 'expected-note' diagnostics seen but not expected: 
  File /home/tcwg-buildbot/worker/clang-armv8-quick/llvm/clang/test/SemaCXX/ctad.cpp Line 82: insert an explicit cast to silence this issue
4 errors generated.

--

********************


```

</details>

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/132061