[clang] Reland: [clang] Implement evaluation context for checking template parameters (PR #130603)

[Matheus Izvekov via cfe-commits]

mizvekov wrote:

Keeping in draft form while I investigate the performance regression reported here: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/126088#issuecomment-2704874202

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/130603