[clang] [Clang] Fix an integer overflow issue in computing CTAD's parameter depth (PR #128704)

[Younan Zhang via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/zyn0217 created https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/128704

There were some cases where we computed incorrect template parameter depths for synthesized CTAD, invalid as they might be, we still shouldn't crash anyway.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/128691

>From eeae197a06bf4a7c23d8c517dc87807608d8dd86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Younan Zhang <zyn7109 at gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 19:56:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] [Clang] Fix an integer overflow issue in computing CTAD's
 parameter depth

---
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeductionGuide.cpp |  6 +++-
 clang/test/SemaTemplate/deduction-guide.cpp   | 32 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeductionGuide.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeductionGuide.cpp
index b789824d97020..0632defbd844f 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeductionGuide.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeductionGuide.cpp
@@ -377,8 +377,12 @@ struct ConvertConstructorToDeductionGuideTransform {
         if (NestedPattern)
           Args.addOuterRetainedLevels(NestedPattern->getTemplateDepth());
         auto [Depth, Index] = getDepthAndIndex(Param);
+        assert(Depth ||
+               cast<ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl>(FTD->getDeclContext())
+                   ->isExplicitSpecialization());
         NamedDecl *NewParam = transformTemplateParameter(
-            SemaRef, DC, Param, Args, Index + Depth1IndexAdjustment, Depth - 1);
+            SemaRef, DC, Param, Args, Index + Depth1IndexAdjustment,
+            Depth ? Depth - 1 : 0);
         if (!NewParam)
           return nullptr;
         // Constraints require that we substitute depth-1 arguments
diff --git a/clang/test/SemaTemplate/deduction-guide.cpp b/clang/test/SemaTemplate/deduction-guide.cpp
index a4c523595fca2..ecd152abebd74 100644
--- a/clang/test/SemaTemplate/deduction-guide.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/SemaTemplate/deduction-guide.cpp
@@ -691,3 +691,35 @@ Test test(42);
 // CHECK-NEXT: | `-ParmVarDecl {{.*}} 'auto:1'
 
 } // namespace GH122134
+
+namespace GH128691 {
+
+template <typename = void>
+class NewDeleteAllocator;
+
+template <>
+struct NewDeleteAllocator<> {
+  template <typename T>
+  NewDeleteAllocator(T); // expected-note {{candidate template ignored}} \
+                         // expected-note {{implicit deduction guide declared as}}
+};
+
+template <typename>
+struct NewDeleteAllocator : NewDeleteAllocator<> { // expected-note {{candidate template ignored}} \
+                                                   // expected-note {{implicit deduction guide declared as}}
+  using NewDeleteAllocator<>::NewDeleteAllocator;
+};
+
+void test() { NewDeleteAllocator abc(42); } // expected-error {{no viable constructor or deduction guide}}
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: Dumping GH128691::<deduction guide for NewDeleteAllocator>:
+// CHECK-NEXT: FunctionTemplateDecl {{.+}} <deduction guide for NewDeleteAllocator>
+// CHECK-NEXT: |-TemplateTypeParmDecl {{.+}} typename depth 0 index 0
+// CHECK-NEXT: | `-TemplateArgument type 'void'
+// CHECK-NEXT: |   |-inherited from TemplateTypeParm {{.+}} depth 0 index 0
+// CHECK-NEXT: |   `-BuiltinType {{.+}} 'void'
+// CHECK-NEXT: |-TemplateTypeParmDecl {{.+}} typename depth 0 index 1 T
+// CHECK-NEXT: `-CXXDeductionGuideDecl {{.+}} <deduction guide for NewDeleteAllocator> 'auto (T) -> NewDeleteAllocator<type-parameter-0-0>'
+// CHECK-NEXT:  `-ParmVarDecl {{.+}} 'T'
+
+} // namespace GH128691