[clang] [Clang] Forward arguments to the device compiler better (PR #125957)

[Ye Luo via cfe-commits]

ye-luo wrote:

I understood that `-Xarch_nvptx64` propagates `-O3` to the nvptx toolchain but it is not obvious to me that it should pick up all the argument after it.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/125957