[clang] [Clang][Driver][Test] Created test for unsupported driver options (PR #120900)

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GeorgeKA wrote:

> Phew, first round in. Please don't take the number of suggestions as a negative, the basic structure looks good there's just many small tweaks to be made :).

Thanks for all the comments @Maetveis . I worked my way through them, and this is ready for another look. The outstanding item is the alias logic. I left [a comment](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/120900#discussion_r1938143546). I have a change ready, but I'll hold off while you respond.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/120900