[clang-tools-extra] [clang-tidy][docs] improve documentation on cppcoreguidelines-narrowing-conversions (#111510) (PR #118209)

[Piotr Zegar via cfe-commits]

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@@ -27,6 +27,29 @@ This check will flag:
  - All applications of binary operators with a narrowing conversions.
    For example: ``int i; i+= 0.1;``.
 
+Note that arithmetic with integer types may perform implicit conversions if the used integer types are smaller than ``int``.
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PiotrZSL wrote:

Consider something like this (after correcting links):
`
Arithmetic with smaller integer types than ``int`` may trigger implicit conversions, as explained under "Integral Promotion" on the cppreference.com page. The example below demonstrates this behavior.
`

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/118209