[clang] [amdgpu-arch] Replace use of HSA with reading sysfs directly (PR #116651)

[Joseph Huber via cfe-commits]

jhuber6 wrote:

> @jhuber6 can you comment on "lot of overhead" and if that matters? Also, not sure why the HSA library dependence is a problem. This seems to be exposing amdgpu-arch to more maintenance overhead.

Sometimes the driver will hang and since this is used inside of `clang` to support `--offload-arch=native` I've had cases where the compiler hangs forever, so I added a timeout to keep it from doing that. This removes that possibility.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/116651