[clang] [clang] Implement lifetime analysis for lifetime_capture_by(X) (PR #115921)

[Utkarsh Saxena via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/usx95 updated https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/115921

>From 2cef37ecdb81452a8f5882dfe765167c1e45b7b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Utkarsh Saxena <usx at google.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 10:24:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Implement semantics for lifetime analysis

---
 clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticGroups.td |   2 +
 .../clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td        |   7 +-
 clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h               |   3 +
 clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp          |  66 ++++++++---
 clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h            |  13 +++
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp               |  47 +++++++-
 .../Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp     | 105 ++++++++++++++++++
 clang/test/SemaCXX/attr-lifetimebound.cpp     |   4 +-
 8 files changed, 228 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticGroups.td b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticGroups.td
index 72eada50a56cc9..df9bf94b5d0398 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticGroups.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticGroups.td
@@ -453,6 +453,7 @@ def ShiftOpParentheses: DiagGroup<"shift-op-parentheses">;
 def OverloadedShiftOpParentheses: DiagGroup<"overloaded-shift-op-parentheses">;
 def DanglingAssignment: DiagGroup<"dangling-assignment">;
 def DanglingAssignmentGsl : DiagGroup<"dangling-assignment-gsl">;
+def DanglingCapture : DiagGroup<"dangling-capture">;
 def DanglingElse: DiagGroup<"dangling-else">;
 def DanglingField : DiagGroup<"dangling-field">;
 def DanglingInitializerList : DiagGroup<"dangling-initializer-list">;
@@ -462,6 +463,7 @@ def ReturnStackAddress : DiagGroup<"return-stack-address">;
 def : DiagGroup<"return-local-addr", [ReturnStackAddress]>;
 def Dangling : DiagGroup<"dangling", [DanglingAssignment,
                                       DanglingAssignmentGsl,
+                                      DanglingCapture,
                                       DanglingField,
                                       DanglingInitializerList,
                                       DanglingGsl,
diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
index 2f5d672e2f0035..58745d450ed63f 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
@@ -10132,10 +10132,10 @@ def err_lifetimebound_ctor_dtor : Error<
   "%select{constructor|destructor}0">;
 def err_lifetimebound_parameter_void_return_type : Error<
   "'lifetimebound' attribute cannot be applied to a parameter of a function "
-  "that returns void">;
+  "that returns void; did you mean 'lifetime_capture_by(X)'">;
 def err_lifetimebound_implicit_object_parameter_void_return_type : Error<
   "'lifetimebound' attribute cannot be applied to an implicit object "
-  "parameter of a function that returns void">;
+  "parameter of a function that returns void; did you mean 'lifetime_capture_by(X)'">;
 
 // CHECK: returning address/reference of stack memory
 def warn_ret_stack_addr_ref : Warning<
@@ -10230,6 +10230,9 @@ def warn_dangling_pointer_assignment : Warning<
    "object backing %select{|the pointer }0%1 "
    "will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression">,
    InGroup<DanglingAssignment>;
+def warn_dangling_reference_captured : Warning<
+   "object captured by '%0' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression">,
+   InGroup<DanglingCapture>;
 
 // For non-floating point, expressions of the form x == x or x != x
 // should result in a warning, since these always evaluate to a constant.
diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h b/clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h
index d6f3508a5243f3..6ea6c67447b6f0 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Sema/Sema.h
@@ -2323,6 +2323,9 @@ class Sema final : public SemaBase {
   bool BuiltinVectorMath(CallExpr *TheCall, QualType &Res, bool FPOnly = false);
   bool BuiltinVectorToScalarMath(CallExpr *TheCall);
 
+  void checkLifetimeCaptureBy(FunctionDecl *FDecl, bool IsMemberFunction,
+                              const Expr *ThisArg, ArrayRef<const Expr *> Args);
+
   /// Handles the checks for format strings, non-POD arguments to vararg
   /// functions, NULL arguments passed to non-NULL parameters, diagnose_if
   /// attributes and AArch64 SME attributes.
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
index a1a402b4a2b530..81e26f48fb8851 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
@@ -45,10 +45,14 @@ enum LifetimeKind {
   /// a default member initializer), the program is ill-formed.
   LK_MemInitializer,
 
-  /// The lifetime of a temporary bound to this entity probably ends too soon,
+  /// The lifetime of a temporary bound to this entity may end too soon,
   /// because the entity is a pointer and we assign the address of a temporary
   /// object to it.
   LK_Assignment,
+
+  /// The lifetime of a temporary bound to this entity may end too soon,
+  /// because the entity may capture the reference to a temporary object.
+  LK_LifetimeCapture,
 };
 using LifetimeResult =
     llvm::PointerIntPair<const InitializedEntity *, 3, LifetimeKind>;
@@ -193,6 +197,7 @@ struct IndirectLocalPathEntry {
     VarInit,
     LValToRVal,
     LifetimeBoundCall,
+    LifetimeCapture,
     TemporaryCopy,
     LambdaCaptureInit,
     GslReferenceInit,
@@ -249,9 +254,10 @@ static void visitLocalsRetainedByReferenceBinding(IndirectLocalPath &Path,
                                                   LocalVisitor Visit);
 
 template <typename T> static bool isRecordWithAttr(QualType Type) {
-  if (auto *RD = Type->getAsCXXRecordDecl())
-    return RD->hasAttr<T>();
-  return false;
+  CXXRecordDecl *RD = Type.getNonReferenceType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
+  if (!RD)
+    return false;
+  return RD->hasAttr<T>();
 }
 
 // Decl::isInStdNamespace will return false for iterators in some STL
@@ -1049,6 +1055,7 @@ static SourceRange nextPathEntryRange(const IndirectLocalPath &Path, unsigned I,
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::AddressOf:
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::LValToRVal:
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeBoundCall:
+    case IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeCapture:
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::TemporaryCopy:
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslReferenceInit:
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslPointerInit:
@@ -1082,6 +1089,7 @@ static bool pathOnlyHandlesGslPointer(const IndirectLocalPath &Path) {
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::VarInit:
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::AddressOf:
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeBoundCall:
+    case IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeCapture:
       continue;
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslPointerInit:
     case IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslReferenceInit:
@@ -1110,12 +1118,13 @@ static bool shouldRunGSLAssignmentAnalysis(const Sema &SemaRef,
            isAssignmentOperatorLifetimeBound(Entity.AssignmentOperator)));
 }
 
-static void checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef,
-                                  const InitializedEntity *InitEntity,
-                                  const InitializedEntity *ExtendingEntity,
-                                  LifetimeKind LK,
-                                  const AssignedEntity *AEntity, Expr *Init) {
+static void
+checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity *InitEntity,
+                      const InitializedEntity *ExtendingEntity, LifetimeKind LK,
+                      const AssignedEntity *AEntity,
+                      const CapturingEntity *CapEntity, Expr *Init) {
   assert((AEntity && LK == LK_Assignment) ||
+         (CapEntity && LK == LK_LifetimeCapture) ||
          (InitEntity && LK != LK_Assignment));
   // If this entity doesn't have an interesting lifetime, don't bother looking
   // for temporaries within its initializer.
@@ -1199,6 +1208,17 @@ static void checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef,
       break;
     }
 
+    case LK_LifetimeCapture: {
+      if (!MTE)
+        return false;
+      assert(shouldLifetimeExtendThroughPath(Path) ==
+                 PathLifetimeKind::NoExtend &&
+             "No lifetime extension in function calls");
+      SemaRef.Diag(DiagLoc, diag::warn_dangling_reference_captured)
+          << CapEntity->Entity << DiagRange;
+      return false;
+    }
+
     case LK_Assignment: {
       if (!MTE || pathContainsInit(Path))
         return false;
@@ -1359,6 +1379,7 @@ static void checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef,
         break;
 
       case IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeBoundCall:
+      case IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeCapture:
       case IndirectLocalPathEntry::TemporaryCopy:
       case IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslPointerInit:
       case IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslReferenceInit:
@@ -1411,7 +1432,7 @@ static void checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef,
     // warnings or errors on inner temporaries within this one's initializer.
     return false;
   };
-
+  bool HasReferenceBinding = Init->isGLValue();
   llvm::SmallVector<IndirectLocalPathEntry, 8> Path;
   if (LK == LK_Assignment &&
       shouldRunGSLAssignmentAnalysis(SemaRef, *AEntity)) {
@@ -1420,9 +1441,18 @@ static void checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef,
              ? IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeBoundCall
              : IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslPointerAssignment,
          Init});
+  } else if (LK == LK_LifetimeCapture) {
+    Path.push_back({IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeCapture, Init});
+    if (isRecordWithAttr<PointerAttr>(Init->getType()))
+      HasReferenceBinding = false;
+    // Skip the top MTE if it is a temporary object of the pointer-like type
+    // itself.
+    if (auto *MTE = dyn_cast<MaterializeTemporaryExpr>(Init);
+        MTE && isPointerLikeType(Init->getType()))
+      Init = MTE->getSubExpr();
   }
 
-  if (Init->isGLValue())
+  if (HasReferenceBinding)
     visitLocalsRetainedByReferenceBinding(Path, Init, RK_ReferenceBinding,
                                           TemporaryVisitor);
   else
@@ -1438,13 +1468,13 @@ void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity &Entity,
   LifetimeKind LK = LTResult.getInt();
   const InitializedEntity *ExtendingEntity = LTResult.getPointer();
   checkExprLifetimeImpl(SemaRef, &Entity, ExtendingEntity, LK,
-                        /*AEntity*/ nullptr, Init);
+                        /*AEntity*/ nullptr, /*CapEntity=*/nullptr, Init);
 }
 
 void checkExprLifetimeMustTailArg(Sema &SemaRef,
                                   const InitializedEntity &Entity, Expr *Init) {
   checkExprLifetimeImpl(SemaRef, &Entity, nullptr, LK_MustTail,
-                        /*AEntity*/ nullptr, Init);
+                        /*AEntity*/ nullptr, /*CapEntity=*/nullptr, Init);
 }
 
 void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const AssignedEntity &Entity,
@@ -1460,7 +1490,15 @@ void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const AssignedEntity &Entity,
 
   checkExprLifetimeImpl(SemaRef, /*InitEntity=*/nullptr,
                         /*ExtendingEntity=*/nullptr, LK_Assignment, &Entity,
-                        Init);
+                        /*CapEntity=*/nullptr, Init);
+}
+
+void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const CapturingEntity &Entity,
+                       Expr *Init) {
+  return checkExprLifetimeImpl(SemaRef, /*InitEntity=*/nullptr,
+                               /*ExtendingEntity=*/nullptr, LK_LifetimeCapture,
+                               /*AEntity=*/nullptr,
+                               /*CapEntity=*/&Entity, Init);
 }
 
 } // namespace clang::sema
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h
index 903f312f3533e5..e109b73b280e9e 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h
@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@ struct AssignedEntity {
   CXXMethodDecl *AssignmentOperator = nullptr;
 };
 
+struct CapturingEntity {
+  //  In an function call involving a lifetime capture, this would be the
+  //  argument capturing the lifetime of another argument.
+  //    void addToSet(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(setsv)]],
+  //                  set<std::string_view>& setsv);
+  //    set<std::string_view> setsv;
+  //    addToSet(std::string(), setsv); // Here 'setsv' is the 'Entity'.
+  Expr *Entity = nullptr;
+};
+
 /// Check that the lifetime of the given expr (and its subobjects) is
 /// sufficient for initializing the entity, and perform lifetime extension
 /// (when permitted) if not.
@@ -35,6 +45,9 @@ void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity &Entity,
 /// sufficient for assigning to the entity.
 void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const AssignedEntity &Entity, Expr *Init);
 
+void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const CapturingEntity &Entity,
+                       Expr *Init);
+
 /// Check that the lifetime of the given expr (and its subobjects) is
 /// sufficient, assuming that it is passed as an argument to a musttail
 /// function.
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
index 96008b14225a4c..27edb56df3abc7 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
+#include "CheckExprLifetime.h"
 #include "clang/AST/APValue.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
@@ -3229,6 +3230,49 @@ void Sema::CheckArgAlignment(SourceLocation Loc, NamedDecl *FDecl,
         << ParamName << (FDecl != nullptr) << FDecl;
 }
 
+void Sema::checkLifetimeCaptureBy(FunctionDecl *FD, bool IsMemberFunction,
+                                  const Expr *ThisArg,
+                                  ArrayRef<const Expr *> Args) {
+  auto GetArgAt = [&](int Idx) {
+    if (IsMemberFunction && Idx == 0)
+      return const_cast<Expr *>(ThisArg);
+    return const_cast<Expr *>(Args[Idx - int(IsMemberFunction)]);
+  };
+  for (unsigned I = 0; I < FD->getNumParams(); ++I) {
+    auto *CapturedByAttr =
+        FD->getParamDecl(I)->getAttr<LifetimeCaptureByAttr>();
+    if (!CapturedByAttr)
+      continue;
+    for (int CapturingParamIdx : CapturedByAttr->params()) {
+      Expr *Capturing = GetArgAt(CapturingParamIdx);
+      Expr *Captured = GetArgAt(I + IsMemberFunction);
+      CapturingEntity CE{Capturing};
+      // Ensure that 'Captured' outlives the 'Capturing' entity.
+      checkExprLifetime(*this, CE, Captured);
+    }
+  }
+  // Check when the 'this' object is captured.
+  if (IsMemberFunction) {
+    TypeSourceInfo *TSI = FD->getTypeSourceInfo();
+    if (!TSI)
+      return;
+    AttributedTypeLoc ATL;
+    for (TypeLoc TL = TSI->getTypeLoc();
+         (ATL = TL.getAsAdjusted<AttributedTypeLoc>());
+         TL = ATL.getModifiedLoc()) {
+      auto *CapturedByAttr = ATL.getAttrAs<LifetimeCaptureByAttr>();
+      if (!CapturedByAttr)
+        continue;
+      Expr *Captured = GetArgAt(0);
+      for (int CapturingParamIdx : CapturedByAttr->params()) {
+        Expr *Capturing = GetArgAt(CapturingParamIdx);
+        CapturingEntity CE{Capturing};
+        checkExprLifetime(*this, CE, Captured);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void Sema::checkCall(NamedDecl *FDecl, const FunctionProtoType *Proto,
                      const Expr *ThisArg, ArrayRef<const Expr *> Args,
                      bool IsMemberFunction, SourceLocation Loc,
@@ -3269,7 +3313,8 @@ void Sema::checkCall(NamedDecl *FDecl, const FunctionProtoType *Proto,
       }
     }
   }
-
+  if (FD)
+    checkLifetimeCaptureBy(FD, IsMemberFunction, ThisArg, Args);
   if (FDecl || Proto) {
     CheckNonNullArguments(*this, FDecl, Proto, Args, Loc);
 
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
index 6a2af01ea5116c..49bbc05c009ff9 100644
--- a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
@@ -793,3 +793,108 @@ void test13() {
 }
 
 } // namespace GH100526
+
+namespace lifetime_capture_by {
+struct S {
+  const int *x;
+  void captureInt(const int&x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) { this->x = &x; }
+  void captureSV(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
+};
+///////////////////////////
+// Detect dangling cases.
+///////////////////////////
+void captureInt(const int&x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+void captureRValInt(int&&x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+void noCaptureInt(int x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+std::string_view substr(const std::string& s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+std::string_view strcopy(const std::string& s);
+void captureSV(std::string_view x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+void captureRValSV(std::string_view&& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+void noCaptureSV(std::string_view x, S&s);
+void captureS(const std::string& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+void captureRValS(std::string&& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+const std::string* getPointerLB(const std::string& s[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+const std::string* getPointerNoLB(const std::string& s);
+void capturePointer(const std::string* x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+struct ThisIsCaptured {
+  void capture(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]];
+  void bar(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(abcd)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' attribute argument 'abcd' is not a known function parameter}}
+  void baz(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' argument references itself}}
+};
+void use() {
+  std::string_view local_sv;
+  std::string local_s;
+  S s;
+  // Capture an 'int'.
+  int local;
+  captureInt(1, // expected-warning {{object captured by 's' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
+            s);
+  captureRValInt(1, s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureInt(local, s);
+  noCaptureInt(1, s);
+  noCaptureInt(local, s);
+
+  // Capture lifetimebound pointer.
+  capturePointer(getPointerLB(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  capturePointer(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(std::string())), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  capturePointer(getPointerNoLB(std::string()), s);
+
+  // Capture using std::string_view.
+  captureSV(local_sv, s);
+  captureSV(std::string(), // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+            s);
+  captureSV(substr(
+      std::string() // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+      ), s);
+  captureSV(substr(local_s), s);
+  captureSV(strcopy(std::string()), s);
+  captureRValSV(std::move(local_sv), s);
+  captureRValSV(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureRValSV(std::string_view{"abcd"}, s);
+  captureRValSV(substr(local_s), s);
+  captureRValSV(substr(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureRValSV(strcopy(std::string()), s);
+  noCaptureSV(local_sv, s);
+  noCaptureSV(std::string(), s);
+  noCaptureSV(substr(std::string()), s);
+
+  // Capture using std::string.
+  captureS(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureS(local_s, s);
+  captureRValS(std::move(local_s), s);
+  captureRValS(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+
+  // Member functions.
+  s.captureInt(1); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  s.captureSV(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  s.captureSV(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  s.captureSV(strcopy(std::string()));
+
+  // 'this' is captured.
+  ThisIsCaptured{}.capture(s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  ThisIsCaptured TIS;
+  TIS.capture(s);
+}
+class [[gsl::Pointer()]] my_string_view : public std::string_view {};
+class my_string_view_not_pointer : public std::string_view {};
+std::optional<std::string_view> getOptionalSV();
+std::optional<std::string> getOptionalS();
+std::optional<my_string_view> getOptionalMySV();
+std::optional<my_string_view_not_pointer> getOptionalMySVNotP();
+my_string_view getMySV();
+my_string_view_not_pointer getMySVNotP();
+
+template<class T>
+struct MySet {
+void insert(T&& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
+void insert(const T& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
+};
+void user_defined_containers() {
+  MySet<int> set_of_int;
+  set_of_int.insert(1); // expected-warning {{object captured by 'set_of_int' will be destroyed}}
+  MySet<std::string_view> set_of_sv;
+  set_of_sv.insert(std::string());  // expected-warning {{object captured by 'set_of_sv' will be destroyed}}
+}
+} // namespace lifetime_capture_by
+// Test for templated code.
+// 2 nested function calls foo(sv, bar(sv, setsv));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clang/test/SemaCXX/attr-lifetimebound.cpp b/clang/test/SemaCXX/attr-lifetimebound.cpp
index 81e9193cf76a04..f89b556f5bba08 100644
--- a/clang/test/SemaCXX/attr-lifetimebound.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/SemaCXX/attr-lifetimebound.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++23 -verify %s
 
 namespace usage_invalid {
-  void void_return(int &param [[clang::lifetimebound]]); // expected-error {{'lifetimebound' attribute cannot be applied to a parameter of a function that returns void}}
+  void void_return(int &param [[clang::lifetimebound]]); // expected-error {{'lifetimebound' attribute cannot be applied to a parameter of a function that returns void; did you mean 'lifetime_capture_by(X)'}}
 
   int *not_class_member() [[clang::lifetimebound]]; // expected-error {{non-member function has no implicit object parameter}}
   struct A {
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace usage_invalid {
     int *explicit_object(this A&) [[clang::lifetimebound]]; // expected-error {{explicit object member function has no implicit object parameter}}
     int not_function [[clang::lifetimebound]]; // expected-error {{only applies to parameters and implicit object parameters}}
     int [[clang::lifetimebound]] also_not_function; // expected-error {{cannot be applied to types}}
-    void void_return_member() [[clang::lifetimebound]]; // expected-error {{'lifetimebound' attribute cannot be applied to an implicit object parameter of a function that returns void}}
+    void void_return_member() [[clang::lifetimebound]]; // expected-error {{'lifetimebound' attribute cannot be applied to an implicit object parameter of a function that returns void; did you mean 'lifetime_capture_by(X)'}}
   };
   int *attr_with_param(int &param [[clang::lifetimebound(42)]]); // expected-error {{takes no arguments}}
 }

>From 8522c58c9778463e0e67b1bf49dc26408d906d50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Utkarsh Saxena <usx at google.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 14:48:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] add tests for template containers and implement capture
 by global/unknown

---
 .../clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td        |   2 +-
 clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp          |   8 +-
 clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h            |   6 +-
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp               |   6 +-
 .../Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp     | 171 ++++++++++++++----
 5 files changed, 155 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
index 58745d450ed63f..62c1fc7e001d46 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
@@ -10231,7 +10231,7 @@ def warn_dangling_pointer_assignment : Warning<
    "will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression">,
    InGroup<DanglingAssignment>;
 def warn_dangling_reference_captured : Warning<
-   "object captured by '%0' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression">,
+   "object whose reference is captured%select{| by '%1'}0 will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression">,
    InGroup<DanglingCapture>;
 
 // For non-floating point, expressions of the form x == x or x != x
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
index 81e26f48fb8851..7f52055d4a9c61 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
@@ -1214,8 +1214,12 @@ checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity *InitEntity,
       assert(shouldLifetimeExtendThroughPath(Path) ==
                  PathLifetimeKind::NoExtend &&
              "No lifetime extension in function calls");
-      SemaRef.Diag(DiagLoc, diag::warn_dangling_reference_captured)
-          << CapEntity->Entity << DiagRange;
+      if (CapEntity->Entity != nullptr)
+        SemaRef.Diag(DiagLoc, diag::warn_dangling_reference_captured)
+            << true << CapEntity->Entity << DiagRange;
+      else
+        SemaRef.Diag(DiagLoc, diag::warn_dangling_reference_captured)
+            << false << "<ignore>" << DiagRange;
       return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h
index e109b73b280e9e..bcc29f502708c6 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.h
@@ -26,12 +26,14 @@ struct AssignedEntity {
 };
 
 struct CapturingEntity {
-  //  In an function call involving a lifetime capture, this would be the
-  //  argument capturing the lifetime of another argument.
+  // In an function call involving a lifetime capture, this would be the
+  // argument capturing the lifetime of another argument.
   //    void addToSet(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(setsv)]],
   //                  set<std::string_view>& setsv);
   //    set<std::string_view> setsv;
   //    addToSet(std::string(), setsv); // Here 'setsv' is the 'Entity'.
+  //
+  // This is 'nullptr' when the capturing entity is 'global' or 'unknown'.
   Expr *Entity = nullptr;
 };
 
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
index 27edb56df3abc7..9f8174d206a80a 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
 #include "clang/AST/AttrIterator.h"
+#include "clang/AST/Attrs.inc"
 #include "clang/AST/CharUnits.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclBase.h"
@@ -3233,7 +3234,10 @@ void Sema::CheckArgAlignment(SourceLocation Loc, NamedDecl *FDecl,
 void Sema::checkLifetimeCaptureBy(FunctionDecl *FD, bool IsMemberFunction,
                                   const Expr *ThisArg,
                                   ArrayRef<const Expr *> Args) {
-  auto GetArgAt = [&](int Idx) {
+  auto GetArgAt = [&](int Idx) -> Expr * {
+    if (Idx == LifetimeCaptureByAttr::GLOBAL ||
+        Idx == LifetimeCaptureByAttr::UNKNOWN)
+      return nullptr;
     if (IsMemberFunction && Idx == 0)
       return const_cast<Expr *>(ThisArg);
     return const_cast<Expr *>(Args[Idx - int(IsMemberFunction)]);
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
index 49bbc05c009ff9..9627054167b78f 100644
--- a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsyntax-only -Wdangling -Wdangling-field -Wreturn-stack-address -verify %s
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 --std=c++20 -fsyntax-only -Wdangling -Wdangling-field -Wreturn-stack-address -verify %s
 struct [[gsl::Owner(int)]] MyIntOwner {
   MyIntOwner();
   int &operator*();
@@ -252,6 +252,19 @@ struct reference_wrapper {
 
 template<typename T>
 reference_wrapper<T> ref(T& t) noexcept;
+
+struct false_type {
+    static constexpr bool value = false;
+    constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return value; }
+};
+struct true_type {
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+    constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return value; }
+};
+
+template<class T> struct is_pointer : false_type {};
+template<class T> struct is_pointer<T*> : true_type {};
+template<class T> struct is_pointer<T* const> : true_type {};
 }
 
 struct Unannotated {
@@ -806,95 +819,189 @@ struct S {
 void captureInt(const int&x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
 void captureRValInt(int&&x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
 void noCaptureInt(int x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+
 std::string_view substr(const std::string& s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
 std::string_view strcopy(const std::string& s);
+
 void captureSV(std::string_view x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
 void captureRValSV(std::string_view&& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
 void noCaptureSV(std::string_view x, S&s);
 void captureS(const std::string& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
 void captureRValS(std::string&& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+
+const std::string& getLB(const std::string& s[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+const std::string& getLB(std::string_view sv[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
 const std::string* getPointerLB(const std::string& s[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
 const std::string* getPointerNoLB(const std::string& s);
+
 void capturePointer(const std::string* x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+
 struct ThisIsCaptured {
   void capture(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]];
   void bar(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(abcd)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' attribute argument 'abcd' is not a known function parameter}}
   void baz(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' argument references itself}}
 };
+
+void captureByGlobal(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(global)]]);
+void captureByUnknown(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(unknown)]]);
+
 void use() {
   std::string_view local_sv;
   std::string local_s;
   S s;
   // Capture an 'int'.
   int local;
-  captureInt(1, // expected-warning {{object captured by 's' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
+  captureInt(1, // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
             s);
-  captureRValInt(1, s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureRValInt(1, s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
   captureInt(local, s);
   noCaptureInt(1, s);
   noCaptureInt(local, s);
 
-  // Capture lifetimebound pointer.
-  capturePointer(getPointerLB(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
-  capturePointer(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(std::string())), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
-  capturePointer(getPointerNoLB(std::string()), s);
-
   // Capture using std::string_view.
   captureSV(local_sv, s);
-  captureSV(std::string(), // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureSV(std::string(), // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
             s);
   captureSV(substr(
-      std::string() // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+      std::string() // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
       ), s);
   captureSV(substr(local_s), s);
   captureSV(strcopy(std::string()), s);
   captureRValSV(std::move(local_sv), s);
-  captureRValSV(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureRValSV(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
   captureRValSV(std::string_view{"abcd"}, s);
   captureRValSV(substr(local_s), s);
-  captureRValSV(substr(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureRValSV(substr(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
   captureRValSV(strcopy(std::string()), s);
   noCaptureSV(local_sv, s);
   noCaptureSV(std::string(), s);
   noCaptureSV(substr(std::string()), s);
 
   // Capture using std::string.
-  captureS(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureS(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
   captureS(local_s, s);
   captureRValS(std::move(local_s), s);
-  captureRValS(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  captureRValS(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+
+  // Capture with lifetimebound.
+  captureSV(getLB(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+  captureSV(getLB(substr(std::string())), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+  captureSV(getLB(getLB(
+    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+    )), s);
+  capturePointer(getPointerLB(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+  capturePointer(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(
+    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+    )), s);
+  capturePointer(getPointerNoLB(std::string()), s);
 
   // Member functions.
-  s.captureInt(1); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
-  s.captureSV(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
-  s.captureSV(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  s.captureInt(1); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+  s.captureSV(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+  s.captureSV(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
   s.captureSV(strcopy(std::string()));
 
   // 'this' is captured.
-  ThisIsCaptured{}.capture(s); // expected-warning {{object captured by 's'}}
+  ThisIsCaptured{}.capture(s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
   ThisIsCaptured TIS;
   TIS.capture(s);
+
+  // capture by global.
+  captureByGlobal(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
+  captureByGlobal(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{captured}}
+  captureByGlobal(local_s);
+  captureByGlobal(local_sv);
+
+  // // capture by unknown.
+  captureByGlobal(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
+  captureByGlobal(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{captured}}
+  captureByGlobal(local_s);
+  captureByGlobal(local_sv);
 }
-class [[gsl::Pointer()]] my_string_view : public std::string_view {};
-class my_string_view_not_pointer : public std::string_view {};
-std::optional<std::string_view> getOptionalSV();
-std::optional<std::string> getOptionalS();
-std::optional<my_string_view> getOptionalMySV();
-std::optional<my_string_view_not_pointer> getOptionalMySVNotP();
-my_string_view getMySV();
-my_string_view_not_pointer getMySVNotP();
 
+template<typename T> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl : std::false_type {};
+template<> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<std::string_view> : std::true_type {};
+template<typename T> concept IsPointerLikeType = std::is_pointer<T>::value || IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<T>::value;
+
+// Templated containers having no distinction between pointer-like and other element type.
 template<class T>
 struct MySet {
-void insert(T&& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
-void insert(const T& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
+  void insert(T&& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
+  void insert(const T& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
 };
 void user_defined_containers() {
   MySet<int> set_of_int;
-  set_of_int.insert(1); // expected-warning {{object captured by 'set_of_int' will be destroyed}}
+  set_of_int.insert(1); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'set_of_int' will be destroyed}}
   MySet<std::string_view> set_of_sv;
-  set_of_sv.insert(std::string());  // expected-warning {{object captured by 'set_of_sv' will be destroyed}}
+  set_of_sv.insert(std::string());  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'set_of_sv' will be destroyed}}
+}
+
+// Templated containers having **which distinguishes** between pointer-like and other element type.
+template<class T>
+struct MyVector {
+  void push_back(T&& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) requires IsPointerLikeType<T>;
+  void push_back(const T& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) requires IsPointerLikeType<T>;
+
+  void push_back(T&& t) requires (!IsPointerLikeType<T>);
+  void push_back(const T& t) requires (!IsPointerLikeType<T>);
+};
+
+// Container of pointers.
+struct [[gsl::Pointer()]] MyStringView : public std::string_view {
+  MyStringView();
+  MyStringView(std::string_view&&);
+  MyStringView(const MyStringView&);
+  MyStringView(const std::string&);
+};
+template<> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<MyStringView> : std::true_type {};
+
+std::optional<std::string_view> getOptionalSV();
+std::optional<std::string> getOptionalS();
+std::optional<MyStringView> getOptionalMySV();
+MyStringView getMySV();
+
+class MyStringViewNotPointer : public std::string_view {};
+std::optional<MyStringViewNotPointer> getOptionalMySVNotP();
+MyStringViewNotPointer getMySVNotP();
+
+void container_of_pointers() {
+  std::string local;
+  MyVector<std::string> vs;
+  vs.push_back(std::string()); // Ok.
+  
+  MyVector<std::string_view> vsv;
+  vsv.push_back(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
+  vsv.push_back(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
+  
+  MyVector<const std::string*> vp;
+  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vp'}}
+  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(std::string()))); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vp'}}
+  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(local));
+  vp.push_back(getPointerNoLB(std::string()));
+  
+  // User-defined [[gsl::Pointer]]
+  vsv.push_back(getMySV());
+  vsv.push_back(getMySVNotP());
+
+  // Vector of user defined gsl::Pointer.
+  MyVector<MyStringView> vmysv;
+  vmysv.push_back(getMySV());
+  vmysv.push_back(MyStringView{});
+  vmysv.push_back(std::string_view{});
+  vmysv.push_back(std::string{}); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
+  vmysv.push_back(substr(std::string{})); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
+  vmysv.push_back(getLB(substr(std::string{}))); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
+  vmysv.push_back(strcopy(getLB(substr(std::string{}))));
+
+  // With std::optional container.
+  std::optional<std::string_view> optional;
+  vsv.push_back(optional.value());
+  vsv.push_back(getOptionalS().value()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
+  vsv.push_back(getOptionalSV().value());
+  vsv.push_back(getOptionalMySV().value());
+
+  // (maybe) FIXME: We may choose to diagnose the following case.
+  // This happens because 'MyStringViewNotPointer' is not marked as a [[gsl::Pointer]] but is derived from one.
+  vsv.push_back(getOptionalMySVNotP().value()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
 }
 } // namespace lifetime_capture_by
-// Test for templated code.
-// 2 nested function calls foo(sv, bar(sv, setsv));
\ No newline at end of file

>From f349aa811fe312247e3bebb064b374cf454ed798 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Utkarsh Saxena <usx at google.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 14:58:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] simply some code

---
 clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
index 7f52055d4a9c61..d5918c85ae3fa4 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
@@ -254,10 +254,9 @@ static void visitLocalsRetainedByReferenceBinding(IndirectLocalPath &Path,
                                                   LocalVisitor Visit);
 
 template <typename T> static bool isRecordWithAttr(QualType Type) {
-  CXXRecordDecl *RD = Type.getNonReferenceType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
-  if (!RD)
-    return false;
-  return RD->hasAttr<T>();
+  if (auto *RD = Type.getNonReferenceType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl())
+    return RD->hasAttr<T>();
+  return false;
 }
 
 // Decl::isInStdNamespace will return false for iterators in some STL

>From ab30f17705f73a7674d062c82f09ac5d8620bd5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Utkarsh Saxena <usx at google.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 18:12:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] address comments

---
 .../clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td        |  10 +-
 clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp          |  14 ++-
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp               |   1 -
 .../Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp     | 110 +++++++++---------
 4 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
index 62c1fc7e001d46..daa89553a4abd8 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
@@ -10135,7 +10135,8 @@ def err_lifetimebound_parameter_void_return_type : Error<
   "that returns void; did you mean 'lifetime_capture_by(X)'">;
 def err_lifetimebound_implicit_object_parameter_void_return_type : Error<
   "'lifetimebound' attribute cannot be applied to an implicit object "
-  "parameter of a function that returns void; did you mean 'lifetime_capture_by(X)'">;
+  "parameter of a function that returns void; "
+  "did you mean 'lifetime_capture_by(X)'">;
 
 // CHECK: returning address/reference of stack memory
 def warn_ret_stack_addr_ref : Warning<
@@ -10231,8 +10232,11 @@ def warn_dangling_pointer_assignment : Warning<
    "will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression">,
    InGroup<DanglingAssignment>;
 def warn_dangling_reference_captured : Warning<
-   "object whose reference is captured%select{| by '%1'}0 will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression">,
-   InGroup<DanglingCapture>;
+   "object whose reference is captured by '%0' will be destroyed at the end of "
+   "the full-expression">, InGroup<DanglingCapture>;
+def warn_dangling_reference_captured_by_unknown : Warning<
+   "object whose reference is captured will be destroyed at the end of "
+   "the full-expression">, InGroup<DanglingCapture>;
 
 // For non-floating point, expressions of the form x == x or x != x
 // should result in a warning, since these always evaluate to a constant.
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
index d5918c85ae3fa4..475c8f93c68f85 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
@@ -1208,17 +1208,19 @@ checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity *InitEntity,
     }
 
     case LK_LifetimeCapture: {
+      // The captured entity has lifetime beyond the full-expression,
+      // and the capturing entity does too, so don't warn.
       if (!MTE)
         return false;
       assert(shouldLifetimeExtendThroughPath(Path) ==
                  PathLifetimeKind::NoExtend &&
              "No lifetime extension in function calls");
-      if (CapEntity->Entity != nullptr)
+      if (CapEntity->Entity)
         SemaRef.Diag(DiagLoc, diag::warn_dangling_reference_captured)
-            << true << CapEntity->Entity << DiagRange;
+            << CapEntity->Entity << DiagRange;
       else
-        SemaRef.Diag(DiagLoc, diag::warn_dangling_reference_captured)
-            << false << "<ignore>" << DiagRange;
+        SemaRef.Diag(DiagLoc, diag::warn_dangling_reference_captured_by_unknown)
+            << DiagRange;
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -1471,13 +1473,13 @@ void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity &Entity,
   LifetimeKind LK = LTResult.getInt();
   const InitializedEntity *ExtendingEntity = LTResult.getPointer();
   checkExprLifetimeImpl(SemaRef, &Entity, ExtendingEntity, LK,
-                        /*AEntity*/ nullptr, /*CapEntity=*/nullptr, Init);
+                        /*AEntity=*/nullptr, /*CapEntity=*/nullptr, Init);
 }
 
 void checkExprLifetimeMustTailArg(Sema &SemaRef,
                                   const InitializedEntity &Entity, Expr *Init) {
   checkExprLifetimeImpl(SemaRef, &Entity, nullptr, LK_MustTail,
-                        /*AEntity*/ nullptr, /*CapEntity=*/nullptr, Init);
+                        /*AEntity=*/nullptr, /*CapEntity=*/nullptr, Init);
 }
 
 void checkExprLifetime(Sema &SemaRef, const AssignedEntity &Entity,
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
index 9f8174d206a80a..8df2d0acd352ab 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
 #include "clang/AST/AttrIterator.h"
-#include "clang/AST/Attrs.inc"
 #include "clang/AST/CharUnits.h"
 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclBase.h"
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
index 9627054167b78f..34b50d09cd94c7 100644
--- a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
@@ -808,38 +808,38 @@ void test13() {
 } // namespace GH100526
 
 namespace lifetime_capture_by {
-struct S {
+struct X {
   const int *x;
-  void captureInt(const int&x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) { this->x = &x; }
+  void captureInt(const int& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) { this->x = &x; }
   void captureSV(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
 };
 ///////////////////////////
 // Detect dangling cases.
 ///////////////////////////
-void captureInt(const int&x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
-void captureRValInt(int&&x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
-void noCaptureInt(int x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+void captureInt(const int& i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
+void captureRValInt(int&& i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
+void noCaptureInt(int i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
 
 std::string_view substr(const std::string& s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
 std::string_view strcopy(const std::string& s);
 
-void captureSV(std::string_view x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
-void captureRValSV(std::string_view&& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
-void noCaptureSV(std::string_view x, S&s);
-void captureS(const std::string& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
-void captureRValS(std::string&& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+void captureSV(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
+void captureRValSV(std::string_view&& sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
+void noCaptureSV(std::string_view sv, X& x);
+void captureS(const std::string& s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
+void captureRValS(std::string&& s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
 
 const std::string& getLB(const std::string& s[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
 const std::string& getLB(std::string_view sv[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
 const std::string* getPointerLB(const std::string& s[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
 const std::string* getPointerNoLB(const std::string& s);
 
-void capturePointer(const std::string* x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], S&s);
+void capturePointer(const std::string* sp [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
 
 struct ThisIsCaptured {
-  void capture(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]];
-  void bar(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(abcd)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' attribute argument 'abcd' is not a known function parameter}}
-  void baz(S& s) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' argument references itself}}
+  void capture(X& x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]];
+  void bar(X& x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(abcd)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' attribute argument 'abcd' is not a known function parameter}}
+  void baz(X& x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' argument references itself}}
 };
 
 void captureByGlobal(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(global)]]);
@@ -848,63 +848,63 @@ void captureByUnknown(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(unknown)]]
 void use() {
   std::string_view local_sv;
   std::string local_s;
-  S s;
+  X x;
   // Capture an 'int'.
   int local;
-  captureInt(1, // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
-            s);
-  captureRValInt(1, s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-  captureInt(local, s);
-  noCaptureInt(1, s);
-  noCaptureInt(local, s);
+  captureInt(1, // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
+            x);
+  captureRValInt(1, x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureInt(local, x);
+  noCaptureInt(1, x);
+  noCaptureInt(local, x);
 
   // Capture using std::string_view.
-  captureSV(local_sv, s);
-  captureSV(std::string(), // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-            s);
+  captureSV(local_sv, x);
+  captureSV(std::string(), // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+            x);
   captureSV(substr(
-      std::string() // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-      ), s);
-  captureSV(substr(local_s), s);
-  captureSV(strcopy(std::string()), s);
-  captureRValSV(std::move(local_sv), s);
-  captureRValSV(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-  captureRValSV(std::string_view{"abcd"}, s);
-  captureRValSV(substr(local_s), s);
-  captureRValSV(substr(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-  captureRValSV(strcopy(std::string()), s);
-  noCaptureSV(local_sv, s);
-  noCaptureSV(std::string(), s);
-  noCaptureSV(substr(std::string()), s);
+      std::string() // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+      ), x);
+  captureSV(substr(local_s), x);
+  captureSV(strcopy(std::string()), x);
+  captureRValSV(std::move(local_sv), x);
+  captureRValSV(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureRValSV(std::string_view{"abcd"}, x);
+  captureRValSV(substr(local_s), x);
+  captureRValSV(substr(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureRValSV(strcopy(std::string()), x);
+  noCaptureSV(local_sv, x);
+  noCaptureSV(std::string(), x);
+  noCaptureSV(substr(std::string()), x);
 
   // Capture using std::string.
-  captureS(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-  captureS(local_s, s);
-  captureRValS(std::move(local_s), s);
-  captureRValS(std::string(), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+  captureS(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureS(local_s, x);
+  captureRValS(std::move(local_s), x);
+  captureRValS(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
 
   // Capture with lifetimebound.
-  captureSV(getLB(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-  captureSV(getLB(substr(std::string())), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+  captureSV(getLB(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureSV(getLB(substr(std::string())), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
   captureSV(getLB(getLB(
-    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-    )), s);
-  capturePointer(getPointerLB(std::string()), s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+    )), x);
+  capturePointer(getPointerLB(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
   capturePointer(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(
-    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-    )), s);
-  capturePointer(getPointerNoLB(std::string()), s);
+    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+    )), x);
+  capturePointer(getPointerNoLB(std::string()), x);
 
   // Member functions.
-  s.captureInt(1); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-  s.captureSV(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-  s.captureSV(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
-  s.captureSV(strcopy(std::string()));
+  x.captureInt(1); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  x.captureSV(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  x.captureSV(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  x.captureSV(strcopy(std::string()));
 
   // 'this' is captured.
-  ThisIsCaptured{}.capture(s); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 's'}}
+  ThisIsCaptured{}.capture(x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
   ThisIsCaptured TIS;
-  TIS.capture(s);
+  TIS.capture(x);
 
   // capture by global.
   captureByGlobal(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}

>From 1036946da5a184894fce8240f4a8286280f63c4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Utkarsh Saxena <usx at google.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2024 17:27:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] address comments

---
 clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp          | 29 ++++++++++-------
 .../Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp     | 32 +++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
index 475c8f93c68f85..2c60ced42eb79b 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/CheckExprLifetime.cpp
@@ -1122,9 +1122,9 @@ checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity *InitEntity,
                       const InitializedEntity *ExtendingEntity, LifetimeKind LK,
                       const AssignedEntity *AEntity,
                       const CapturingEntity *CapEntity, Expr *Init) {
-  assert((AEntity && LK == LK_Assignment) ||
-         (CapEntity && LK == LK_LifetimeCapture) ||
-         (InitEntity && LK != LK_Assignment));
+  assert(!AEntity || LK == LK_Assignment);
+  assert(!CapEntity || LK == LK_LifetimeCapture);
+  assert(!InitEntity || (LK != LK_Assignment && LK != LK_LifetimeCapture));
   // If this entity doesn't have an interesting lifetime, don't bother looking
   // for temporaries within its initializer.
   if (LK == LK_FullExpression)
@@ -1439,14 +1439,17 @@ checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity *InitEntity,
   };
   bool HasReferenceBinding = Init->isGLValue();
   llvm::SmallVector<IndirectLocalPathEntry, 8> Path;
-  if (LK == LK_Assignment &&
-      shouldRunGSLAssignmentAnalysis(SemaRef, *AEntity)) {
-    Path.push_back(
-        {isAssignmentOperatorLifetimeBound(AEntity->AssignmentOperator)
-             ? IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeBoundCall
-             : IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslPointerAssignment,
-         Init});
-  } else if (LK == LK_LifetimeCapture) {
+  switch (LK) {
+  case LK_Assignment: {
+    if (shouldRunGSLAssignmentAnalysis(SemaRef, *AEntity))
+      Path.push_back(
+          {isAssignmentOperatorLifetimeBound(AEntity->AssignmentOperator)
+               ? IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeBoundCall
+               : IndirectLocalPathEntry::GslPointerAssignment,
+           Init});
+    break;
+  }
+  case LK_LifetimeCapture: {
     Path.push_back({IndirectLocalPathEntry::LifetimeCapture, Init});
     if (isRecordWithAttr<PointerAttr>(Init->getType()))
       HasReferenceBinding = false;
@@ -1455,6 +1458,10 @@ checkExprLifetimeImpl(Sema &SemaRef, const InitializedEntity *InitEntity,
     if (auto *MTE = dyn_cast<MaterializeTemporaryExpr>(Init);
         MTE && isPointerLikeType(Init->getType()))
       Init = MTE->getSubExpr();
+    break;
+  }
+  default:
+    break;
   }
 
   if (HasReferenceBinding)
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
index 34b50d09cd94c7..edf21def979eaf 100644
--- a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
@@ -816,30 +816,30 @@ struct X {
 ///////////////////////////
 // Detect dangling cases.
 ///////////////////////////
-void captureInt(const int& i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
-void captureRValInt(int&& i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
-void noCaptureInt(int i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
+void captureInt(const int &i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void captureRValInt(int &&i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void noCaptureInt(int i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
 
 std::string_view substr(const std::string& s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
 std::string_view strcopy(const std::string& s);
 
-void captureSV(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
-void captureRValSV(std::string_view&& sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
-void noCaptureSV(std::string_view sv, X& x);
-void captureS(const std::string& s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
-void captureRValS(std::string&& s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
+void captureSV(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void captureRValSV(std::string_view &&sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void noCaptureSV(std::string_view sv, X &x);
+void captureS(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void captureRValS(std::string &&s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
 
-const std::string& getLB(const std::string& s[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
-const std::string& getLB(std::string_view sv[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
-const std::string* getPointerLB(const std::string& s[[clang::lifetimebound]]);
-const std::string* getPointerNoLB(const std::string& s);
+const std::string& getLB(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+const std::string& getLB(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+const std::string* getPointerLB(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+const std::string* getPointerNoLB(const std::string &s);
 
-void capturePointer(const std::string* sp [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X& x);
+void capturePointer(const std::string* sp [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
 
 struct ThisIsCaptured {
-  void capture(X& x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]];
-  void bar(X& x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(abcd)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' attribute argument 'abcd' is not a known function parameter}}
-  void baz(X& x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' argument references itself}}
+  void capture(X &x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]];
+  void bar(X &x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(abcd)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' attribute argument 'abcd' is not a known function parameter}}
+  void baz(X &x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' argument references itself}}
 };
 
 void captureByGlobal(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(global)]]);

>From c1ac443d2206fe971d625703db2414422ce4e916 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Utkarsh Saxena <usx at google.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 10:41:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] move tests; update docs

---
 clang/include/clang/Basic/AttrDocs.td         |  34 +-
 clang/test/Sema/Inputs/lifetime-analysis.h    | 138 +++++++
 .../warn-lifetime-analysis-capture-by.cpp     | 220 ++++++++++++
 .../Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp     | 339 +-----------------
 4 files changed, 388 insertions(+), 343 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 clang/test/Sema/Inputs/lifetime-analysis.h
 create mode 100644 clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-capture-by.cpp

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/AttrDocs.td b/clang/include/clang/Basic/AttrDocs.td
index 21fcd183e8969c..933ea032d88ab8 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/AttrDocs.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/AttrDocs.td
@@ -3925,13 +3925,20 @@ def LifetimeCaptureByDocs : Documentation {
 parameter or implicit object parameter indicates that that objects that are referred to
 by that parameter may also be referred to by the capturing entity ``X``.
 
-By default, a reference is considered to refer to its referenced object, a
-pointer is considered to refer to its pointee, a ``std::initializer_list<T>``
-is considered to refer to its underlying array, and aggregates (arrays and
-simple ``struct``\s) are considered to refer to all objects that their
-transitive subobjects refer to.
+By default:
+
+- A reference is considered to refer to its referenced object.
+- A pointer is considered to refer to its pointee.
+- A ``std::initializer_list<T>`` is considered to refer to its underlying array.
+- Aggregates (arrays and simple ``struct``\s) are considered to refer to all
+  objects that their transitive subobjects refer to.
+- View types (types annotated with [[``gsl::Pointer()``]]) are considered to refer
+  to its pointee. This holds true even if the view type appears as a reference.
+  For example, both ``std::string_view`` and ``const std::string_view &`` are
+  considered to refer to a ``std::string``.
 
 The capturing entity ``X`` can be one of the following:
+
 - Another (named) function parameter. 
   
   .. code-block:: c++
@@ -3951,7 +3958,7 @@ The capturing entity ``X`` can be one of the following:
       std::set<std::string_view> s;
     };
 
-- 'global', 'unknown' (without quotes).
+- `global`, `unknown`.
   
   .. code-block:: c++
 
@@ -3983,6 +3990,21 @@ The attribute supports specifying more than one capturing entities:
     s2.insert(a);
   }
 
+Currently clang would diagnose when a temporary is used as an argument to a
+parameter whose reference is captured.
+
+.. code-block:: c++
+  
+  void addToSet(std::string_view a [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(s)]], std::set<std::string_view>& s) {
+    s.insert(a);
+  }
+  void use() {
+    std::set<std::string_view> s;
+    addToSet(std::string(), s); // Warning: object whose reference is captured by 's' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression.
+    std::string local;
+    addToSet(local, s); // Ok.
+  }
+
 .. _`lifetimebound`: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#lifetimebound
   }];
 }
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/Inputs/lifetime-analysis.h b/clang/test/Sema/Inputs/lifetime-analysis.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d471973c5fdd50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/Inputs/lifetime-analysis.h
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+
+namespace __gnu_cxx {
+template <typename T>
+struct basic_iterator {
+  basic_iterator operator++();
+  T& operator*() const;
+  T* operator->() const;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+bool operator!=(basic_iterator<T>, basic_iterator<T>);
+}
+
+namespace std {
+template<typename T> struct remove_reference       { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_reference<T &>  { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct remove_reference<T &&> { typedef T type; };
+
+template<typename T>
+typename remove_reference<T>::type &&move(T &&t) noexcept;
+
+template <typename C>
+auto data(const C &c) -> decltype(c.data());
+
+template <typename C>
+auto begin(C &c) -> decltype(c.begin());
+
+template<typename T, int N>
+T *begin(T (&array)[N]);
+
+using size_t = decltype(sizeof(0));
+
+template<typename T>
+struct initializer_list {
+  const T* ptr; size_t sz;
+};
+template<typename T> class allocator {};
+template <typename T, typename Alloc = allocator<T>>
+struct vector {
+  typedef __gnu_cxx::basic_iterator<T> iterator;
+  iterator begin();
+  iterator end();
+  const T *data() const;
+  vector();
+  vector(initializer_list<T> __l,
+         const Alloc& alloc = Alloc());
+
+  template<typename InputIterator>
+	vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator __last);
+
+  T &at(int n);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct basic_string_view {
+  basic_string_view();
+  basic_string_view(const T *);
+  const T *begin() const;
+};
+using string_view = basic_string_view<char>;
+
+template<class _Mystr> struct iter {
+    iter& operator-=(int);
+
+    iter operator-(int _Off) const {
+        iter _Tmp = *this;
+        return _Tmp -= _Off;
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct basic_string {
+  basic_string();
+  basic_string(const T *);
+  const T *c_str() const;
+  operator basic_string_view<T> () const;
+  using const_iterator = iter<T>;
+};
+using string = basic_string<char>;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct unique_ptr {
+  T &operator*();
+  T *get() const;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct optional {
+  optional();
+  optional(const T&);
+
+  template<typename U = T>
+  optional(U&& t);
+
+  template<typename U>
+  optional(optional<U>&& __t);
+
+  T &operator*() &;
+  T &&operator*() &&;
+  T &value() &;
+  T &&value() &&;
+};
+template<typename T>
+optional<__decay(T)> make_optional(T&&);
+
+
+template<typename T>
+struct stack {
+  T &top();
+};
+
+struct any {};
+
+template<typename T>
+T any_cast(const any& operand);
+
+template<typename T>
+struct reference_wrapper {
+  template<typename U>
+  reference_wrapper(U &&);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+reference_wrapper<T> ref(T& t) noexcept;
+
+struct false_type {
+    static constexpr bool value = false;
+    constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return value; }
+};
+struct true_type {
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+    constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return value; }
+};
+
+template<class T> struct is_pointer : false_type {};
+template<class T> struct is_pointer<T*> : true_type {};
+template<class T> struct is_pointer<T* const> : true_type {};
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-capture-by.cpp b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-capture-by.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..069fce1f70b9e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-capture-by.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 --std=c++20 -fsyntax-only -Wdangling -Wdangling-field -Wreturn-stack-address -verify %s
+
+#include "Inputs/lifetime-analysis.h"
+
+struct X {
+  const int *x;
+  void captureInt(const int& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) { this->x = &x; }
+  void captureSV(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
+};
+///////////////////////////
+// Detect dangling cases.
+///////////////////////////
+void captureInt(const int &i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void captureRValInt(int &&i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void noCaptureInt(int i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+
+std::string_view substr(const std::string& s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+std::string_view strcopy(const std::string& s);
+
+void captureSV(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void captureRValSV(std::string_view &&sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void noCaptureSV(std::string_view sv, X &x);
+void captureS(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+void captureRValS(std::string &&s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+
+const std::string& getLB(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+const std::string& getLB(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+const std::string* getPointerLB(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
+const std::string* getPointerNoLB(const std::string &s);
+
+void capturePointer(const std::string* sp [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
+
+struct ThisIsCaptured {
+  void capture(X &x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]];
+};
+
+void captureByGlobal(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(global)]]);
+void captureByUnknown(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(unknown)]]);
+
+void use() {
+  std::string_view local_sv;
+  std::string local_s;
+  X x;
+  // Capture an 'int'.
+  int local;
+  captureInt(1, // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
+            x);
+  captureRValInt(1, x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureInt(local, x);
+  noCaptureInt(1, x);
+  noCaptureInt(local, x);
+
+  // Capture using std::string_view.
+  captureSV(local_sv, x);
+  captureSV(std::string(), // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+            x);
+  captureSV(substr(
+      std::string() // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+      ), x);
+  captureSV(substr(local_s), x);
+  captureSV(strcopy(std::string()), x);
+  captureRValSV(std::move(local_sv), x);
+  captureRValSV(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureRValSV(std::string_view{"abcd"}, x);
+  captureRValSV(substr(local_s), x);
+  captureRValSV(substr(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureRValSV(strcopy(std::string()), x);
+  noCaptureSV(local_sv, x);
+  noCaptureSV(std::string(), x);
+  noCaptureSV(substr(std::string()), x);
+
+  // Capture using std::string.
+  captureS(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureS(local_s, x);
+  captureRValS(std::move(local_s), x);
+  captureRValS(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+
+  // Capture with lifetimebound.
+  captureSV(getLB(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureSV(getLB(substr(std::string())), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  captureSV(getLB(getLB(
+    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+    )), x);
+  capturePointer(getPointerLB(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  capturePointer(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(
+    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+    )), x);
+  capturePointer(getPointerNoLB(std::string()), x);
+
+  // Member functions.
+  x.captureInt(1); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  x.captureSV(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  x.captureSV(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  x.captureSV(strcopy(std::string()));
+
+  // 'this' is captured.
+  ThisIsCaptured{}.capture(x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
+  ThisIsCaptured TIS;
+  TIS.capture(x);
+
+  // capture by global.
+  captureByGlobal(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
+  captureByGlobal(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{captured}}
+  captureByGlobal(local_s);
+  captureByGlobal(local_sv);
+
+  // // capture by unknown.
+  captureByGlobal(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
+  captureByGlobal(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{captured}}
+  captureByGlobal(local_s);
+  captureByGlobal(local_sv);
+}
+
+template<typename T> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl : std::false_type {};
+template<> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<std::string_view> : std::true_type {};
+template<typename T> concept IsPointerLikeType = std::is_pointer<T>::value || IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<T>::value;
+
+// Templated containers having no distinction between pointer-like and other element type.
+template<class T>
+struct MySet {
+  void insert(T&& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
+  void insert(const T& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
+};
+void user_defined_containers() {
+  MySet<int> set_of_int;
+  set_of_int.insert(1); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'set_of_int' will be destroyed}}
+  MySet<std::string_view> set_of_sv;
+  set_of_sv.insert(std::string());  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'set_of_sv' will be destroyed}}
+}
+
+// Templated containers having **which distinguishes** between pointer-like and other element type.
+template<class T>
+struct MyVector {
+  void push_back(T&& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) requires IsPointerLikeType<T>;
+  void push_back(const T& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) requires IsPointerLikeType<T>;
+
+  void push_back(T&& t) requires (!IsPointerLikeType<T>);
+  void push_back(const T& t) requires (!IsPointerLikeType<T>);
+};
+
+// Container of pointers.
+struct [[gsl::Pointer()]] MyStringView : public std::string_view {
+  MyStringView();
+  MyStringView(std::string_view&&);
+  MyStringView(const MyStringView&);
+  MyStringView(const std::string&);
+};
+template<> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<MyStringView> : std::true_type {};
+
+std::optional<std::string_view> getOptionalSV();
+std::optional<std::string> getOptionalS();
+std::optional<MyStringView> getOptionalMySV();
+MyStringView getMySV();
+
+class MyStringViewNotPointer : public std::string_view {};
+std::optional<MyStringViewNotPointer> getOptionalMySVNotP();
+MyStringViewNotPointer getMySVNotP();
+
+void container_of_pointers() {
+  std::string local;
+  MyVector<std::string> vs;
+  vs.push_back(std::string()); // Ok.
+  
+  MyVector<std::string_view> vsv;
+  vsv.push_back(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
+  vsv.push_back(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
+  
+  MyVector<const std::string*> vp;
+  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vp'}}
+  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(std::string()))); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vp'}}
+  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(local));
+  vp.push_back(getPointerNoLB(std::string()));
+  
+  // User-defined [[gsl::Pointer]]
+  vsv.push_back(getMySV());
+  vsv.push_back(getMySVNotP());
+
+  // Vector of user defined gsl::Pointer.
+  MyVector<MyStringView> vmysv;
+  vmysv.push_back(getMySV());
+  vmysv.push_back(MyStringView{});
+  vmysv.push_back(std::string_view{});
+  vmysv.push_back(std::string{}); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
+  vmysv.push_back(substr(std::string{})); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
+  vmysv.push_back(getLB(substr(std::string{}))); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
+  vmysv.push_back(strcopy(getLB(substr(std::string{}))));
+
+  // With std::optional container.
+  std::optional<std::string_view> optionalSV;
+  vsv.push_back(optionalSV.value());
+  vsv.push_back(getOptionalS().value()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
+  vsv.push_back(getOptionalSV().value());
+  vsv.push_back(getOptionalMySV().value());
+
+  // (maybe) FIXME: We may choose to diagnose the following case.
+  // This happens because 'MyStringViewNotPointer' is not marked as a [[gsl::Pointer]] but is derived from one.
+  vsv.push_back(getOptionalMySVNotP().value()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
+}
+namespace temporary_views {
+void capture1(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], std::vector<std::string_view>& x);
+
+// Intended to capture the "string_view" itself
+void capture2(const std::string_view& s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], std::vector<std::string_view*>& x);
+// Intended to capture the pointee of the "string_view"
+void capture3(const std::string_view& s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], std::vector<std::string_view>& x);
+
+void test1() {
+  std::vector<std::string_view> x1;
+  capture1(std::string(), x1); // expected-warning {{captured by 'x1'}}
+  capture1(std::string_view(), x1);
+
+  std::vector<std::string_view*> x2;
+  capture2(std::string_view(), x2); // FIXME: Warn when the temporary view itself is captured.
+  capture2(std::string(), x2); // expected-warning {{captured by 'x2'}}
+  
+  std::vector<std::string_view> x3;
+  capture3(std::string_view(), x3);
+  capture3(std::string(), x3); // expected-warning {{captured by 'x3'}}
+}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
index edf21def979eaf..c18ecd86ad06f0 100644
--- a/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/warn-lifetime-analysis-nocfg.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-// RUN: %clang_cc1 --std=c++20 -fsyntax-only -Wdangling -Wdangling-field -Wreturn-stack-address -verify %s
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsyntax-only -Wdangling -Wdangling-field -Wreturn-stack-address -verify %s
+#include "Inputs/lifetime-analysis.h"
 struct [[gsl::Owner(int)]] MyIntOwner {
   MyIntOwner();
   int &operator*();
@@ -129,143 +130,6 @@ void initLocalGslPtrWithTempOwner() {
   global2 = MyLongOwnerWithConversion{}; // expected-warning {{object backing the pointer global2 }}
 }
 
-namespace __gnu_cxx {
-template <typename T>
-struct basic_iterator {
-  basic_iterator operator++();
-  T& operator*() const;
-  T* operator->() const;
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-bool operator!=(basic_iterator<T>, basic_iterator<T>);
-}
-
-namespace std {
-template<typename T> struct remove_reference       { typedef T type; };
-template<typename T> struct remove_reference<T &>  { typedef T type; };
-template<typename T> struct remove_reference<T &&> { typedef T type; };
-
-template<typename T>
-typename remove_reference<T>::type &&move(T &&t) noexcept;
-
-template <typename C>
-auto data(const C &c) -> decltype(c.data());
-
-template <typename C>
-auto begin(C &c) -> decltype(c.begin());
-
-template<typename T, int N>
-T *begin(T (&array)[N]);
-
-using size_t = decltype(sizeof(0));
-
-template<typename T>
-struct initializer_list {
-  const T* ptr; size_t sz;
-};
-template<typename T> class allocator {};
-template <typename T, typename Alloc = allocator<T>>
-struct vector {
-  typedef __gnu_cxx::basic_iterator<T> iterator;
-  iterator begin();
-  iterator end();
-  const T *data() const;
-  vector();
-  vector(initializer_list<T> __l,
-         const Alloc& alloc = Alloc());
-
-  template<typename InputIterator>
-	vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator __last);
-
-  T &at(int n);
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-struct basic_string_view {
-  basic_string_view();
-  basic_string_view(const T *);
-  const T *begin() const;
-};
-using string_view = basic_string_view<char>;
-
-template<class _Mystr> struct iter {
-    iter& operator-=(int);
-
-    iter operator-(int _Off) const {
-        iter _Tmp = *this;
-        return _Tmp -= _Off;
-    }
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-struct basic_string {
-  basic_string();
-  basic_string(const T *);
-  const T *c_str() const;
-  operator basic_string_view<T> () const;
-  using const_iterator = iter<T>;
-};
-using string = basic_string<char>;
-
-template<typename T>
-struct unique_ptr {
-  T &operator*();
-  T *get() const;
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-struct optional {
-  optional();
-  optional(const T&);
-
-  template<typename U = T>
-  optional(U&& t);
-
-  template<typename U>
-  optional(optional<U>&& __t);
-
-  T &operator*() &;
-  T &&operator*() &&;
-  T &value() &;
-  T &&value() &&;
-};
-template<typename T>
-optional<__decay(T)> make_optional(T&&);
-
-
-template<typename T>
-struct stack {
-  T &top();
-};
-
-struct any {};
-
-template<typename T>
-T any_cast(const any& operand);
-
-template<typename T>
-struct reference_wrapper {
-  template<typename U>
-  reference_wrapper(U &&);
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-reference_wrapper<T> ref(T& t) noexcept;
-
-struct false_type {
-    static constexpr bool value = false;
-    constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return value; }
-};
-struct true_type {
-    static constexpr bool value = true;
-    constexpr operator bool() const noexcept { return value; }
-};
-
-template<class T> struct is_pointer : false_type {};
-template<class T> struct is_pointer<T*> : true_type {};
-template<class T> struct is_pointer<T* const> : true_type {};
-}
 
 struct Unannotated {
   typedef std::vector<int>::iterator iterator;
@@ -806,202 +670,3 @@ void test13() {
 }
 
 } // namespace GH100526
-
-namespace lifetime_capture_by {
-struct X {
-  const int *x;
-  void captureInt(const int& x [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) { this->x = &x; }
-  void captureSV(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
-};
-///////////////////////////
-// Detect dangling cases.
-///////////////////////////
-void captureInt(const int &i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
-void captureRValInt(int &&i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
-void noCaptureInt(int i [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
-
-std::string_view substr(const std::string& s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
-std::string_view strcopy(const std::string& s);
-
-void captureSV(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
-void captureRValSV(std::string_view &&sv [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
-void noCaptureSV(std::string_view sv, X &x);
-void captureS(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
-void captureRValS(std::string &&s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
-
-const std::string& getLB(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
-const std::string& getLB(std::string_view sv [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
-const std::string* getPointerLB(const std::string &s [[clang::lifetimebound]]);
-const std::string* getPointerNoLB(const std::string &s);
-
-void capturePointer(const std::string* sp [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]], X &x);
-
-struct ThisIsCaptured {
-  void capture(X &x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(x)]];
-  void bar(X &x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(abcd)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' attribute argument 'abcd' is not a known function parameter}}
-  void baz(X &x) [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]; // expected-error {{'lifetime_capture_by' argument references itself}}
-};
-
-void captureByGlobal(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(global)]]);
-void captureByUnknown(std::string_view s [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(unknown)]]);
-
-void use() {
-  std::string_view local_sv;
-  std::string local_s;
-  X x;
-  // Capture an 'int'.
-  int local;
-  captureInt(1, // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x' will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
-            x);
-  captureRValInt(1, x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  captureInt(local, x);
-  noCaptureInt(1, x);
-  noCaptureInt(local, x);
-
-  // Capture using std::string_view.
-  captureSV(local_sv, x);
-  captureSV(std::string(), // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-            x);
-  captureSV(substr(
-      std::string() // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-      ), x);
-  captureSV(substr(local_s), x);
-  captureSV(strcopy(std::string()), x);
-  captureRValSV(std::move(local_sv), x);
-  captureRValSV(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  captureRValSV(std::string_view{"abcd"}, x);
-  captureRValSV(substr(local_s), x);
-  captureRValSV(substr(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  captureRValSV(strcopy(std::string()), x);
-  noCaptureSV(local_sv, x);
-  noCaptureSV(std::string(), x);
-  noCaptureSV(substr(std::string()), x);
-
-  // Capture using std::string.
-  captureS(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  captureS(local_s, x);
-  captureRValS(std::move(local_s), x);
-  captureRValS(std::string(), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-
-  // Capture with lifetimebound.
-  captureSV(getLB(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  captureSV(getLB(substr(std::string())), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  captureSV(getLB(getLB(
-    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-    )), x);
-  capturePointer(getPointerLB(std::string()), x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  capturePointer(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(
-    std::string()  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-    )), x);
-  capturePointer(getPointerNoLB(std::string()), x);
-
-  // Member functions.
-  x.captureInt(1); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  x.captureSV(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  x.captureSV(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  x.captureSV(strcopy(std::string()));
-
-  // 'this' is captured.
-  ThisIsCaptured{}.capture(x); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'x'}}
-  ThisIsCaptured TIS;
-  TIS.capture(x);
-
-  // capture by global.
-  captureByGlobal(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
-  captureByGlobal(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{captured}}
-  captureByGlobal(local_s);
-  captureByGlobal(local_sv);
-
-  // // capture by unknown.
-  captureByGlobal(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured will be destroyed at the end of the full-expression}}
-  captureByGlobal(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{captured}}
-  captureByGlobal(local_s);
-  captureByGlobal(local_sv);
-}
-
-template<typename T> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl : std::false_type {};
-template<> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<std::string_view> : std::true_type {};
-template<typename T> concept IsPointerLikeType = std::is_pointer<T>::value || IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<T>::value;
-
-// Templated containers having no distinction between pointer-like and other element type.
-template<class T>
-struct MySet {
-  void insert(T&& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
-  void insert(const T& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]);
-};
-void user_defined_containers() {
-  MySet<int> set_of_int;
-  set_of_int.insert(1); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'set_of_int' will be destroyed}}
-  MySet<std::string_view> set_of_sv;
-  set_of_sv.insert(std::string());  // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'set_of_sv' will be destroyed}}
-}
-
-// Templated containers having **which distinguishes** between pointer-like and other element type.
-template<class T>
-struct MyVector {
-  void push_back(T&& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) requires IsPointerLikeType<T>;
-  void push_back(const T& t [[clang::lifetime_capture_by(this)]]) requires IsPointerLikeType<T>;
-
-  void push_back(T&& t) requires (!IsPointerLikeType<T>);
-  void push_back(const T& t) requires (!IsPointerLikeType<T>);
-};
-
-// Container of pointers.
-struct [[gsl::Pointer()]] MyStringView : public std::string_view {
-  MyStringView();
-  MyStringView(std::string_view&&);
-  MyStringView(const MyStringView&);
-  MyStringView(const std::string&);
-};
-template<> struct IsPointerLikeTypeImpl<MyStringView> : std::true_type {};
-
-std::optional<std::string_view> getOptionalSV();
-std::optional<std::string> getOptionalS();
-std::optional<MyStringView> getOptionalMySV();
-MyStringView getMySV();
-
-class MyStringViewNotPointer : public std::string_view {};
-std::optional<MyStringViewNotPointer> getOptionalMySVNotP();
-MyStringViewNotPointer getMySVNotP();
-
-void container_of_pointers() {
-  std::string local;
-  MyVector<std::string> vs;
-  vs.push_back(std::string()); // Ok.
-  
-  MyVector<std::string_view> vsv;
-  vsv.push_back(std::string()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
-  vsv.push_back(substr(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
-  
-  MyVector<const std::string*> vp;
-  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(std::string())); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vp'}}
-  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(*getPointerLB(std::string()))); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vp'}}
-  vp.push_back(getPointerLB(local));
-  vp.push_back(getPointerNoLB(std::string()));
-  
-  // User-defined [[gsl::Pointer]]
-  vsv.push_back(getMySV());
-  vsv.push_back(getMySVNotP());
-
-  // Vector of user defined gsl::Pointer.
-  MyVector<MyStringView> vmysv;
-  vmysv.push_back(getMySV());
-  vmysv.push_back(MyStringView{});
-  vmysv.push_back(std::string_view{});
-  vmysv.push_back(std::string{}); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
-  vmysv.push_back(substr(std::string{})); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
-  vmysv.push_back(getLB(substr(std::string{}))); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vmysv'}}
-  vmysv.push_back(strcopy(getLB(substr(std::string{}))));
-
-  // With std::optional container.
-  std::optional<std::string_view> optional;
-  vsv.push_back(optional.value());
-  vsv.push_back(getOptionalS().value()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
-  vsv.push_back(getOptionalSV().value());
-  vsv.push_back(getOptionalMySV().value());
-
-  // (maybe) FIXME: We may choose to diagnose the following case.
-  // This happens because 'MyStringViewNotPointer' is not marked as a [[gsl::Pointer]] but is derived from one.
-  vsv.push_back(getOptionalMySVNotP().value()); // expected-warning {{object whose reference is captured by 'vsv'}}
-}
-} // namespace lifetime_capture_by