[clang] [clang] Fix segmentation fault caused by stack overflow on deeply nested expressions (PR #111701)

[Ilya Biryukov via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/ilya-biryukov approved this pull request.

LGTM, I feel we could land this right away and figure out how to share with Sema in a follow-up.

Hopefully @cor3ntin did not mean to block this until that happens, but let's not hold off the follow-up for long to make sure we don't make this a permanent state.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/111701