[clang] #101784 part 1: introduce ctyped in an independent manner (PR #101941)

[Vlad Serebrennikov via cfe-commits]

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Endilll wrote:

I don't see value in annotating exported C functions themselves (`binder.py`), because they are wrapped by `cindex.py`. From maintenance perspective I'd rather leave `# type: ignore` at the call sites of those functions, than accept a whole new pile of stubs. Users of `cindex.py` won't notice either way, because I don't think they need to interact with C functions directly.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/101941