[clang] [Clang][Driver] Warn about `-c/-S` with `-fsyntax-only` (PR #98607)

[Fangrui Song via cfe-commits]

MaskRay wrote:

> FWIW, in addition to `-c` in combination with `-fsyntax-only`, this now also warns for `-c` in combination with `-E`.
> 
> That sounds like a reasonable thing to do to me, so it's probably fine, but it'd be nice to have that aspect acknowledged as one intended behaviour change as well.

Thanks for pointing this out. Yes, the warning for `-c -E` seems desired. It's a bit difficult to analyze what combinations lead to warnings due to our `claim` code scattering all over the driver....

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/98607