[clang] [clang] replaced the usage of `asctime` with `std::put_time` (PR #99075)

[Rainer Orth via cfe-commits]

rorth wrote:

At least in the short term.  ISTM that `clang++` may need to do something along the lines of Bug 33767 (resp. the underlying GCC bug/patch), otherwise users are in for a nasty surprise.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/99075