[clang-tools-extra] [run-clang-tidy.py] Refactor, add progress indicator, add type hints (PR #89490)

[Nicolas van Kempen via cfe-commits]

nicovank wrote:

Thanks for the ping, I had a version for 3.7+ working, and it seems hard to retrofit to 3.6. I think having the 3.7 version is fine. It's on my home machine, will update this PR later today 👍 

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/89490