[clang] [libcxx] [llvm] Reapply "[Clang] Implement resolution for CWG1835 (#92957)" (PR #98547)

[Shafik Yaghmour via cfe-commits]

shafik wrote:

> The sad part is that MSVC and some old versions of GCC don't like `template` being added here :(

It looks like the description provides a workaround for gcc but a bug report against MSVC should be filed if we don' have one already.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/98547