[clang] [libcxx] [llvm] Reapply "[Clang] Implement resolution for CWG1835 (#92957)" (PR #98547)

[Mike Hommey via cfe-commits]

glandium wrote:

The sad part is that MSVC and some old versions of GCC don't like `template` being added here :(

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/98547