[clang] [clang-format] Add SpacesInParensOption for filtering repeated parens (PR #77522)

[Gedare Bloom via cfe-commits]

gedare wrote:

> Do we need all these new test cases? If yes, consider moving the test (and other `ConfigurableSpacesIn...` tests) to a separate file.

I have simplified the additional test cases.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/77522