[clang-tools-extra] [run-clang-tidy.py] Refactor, add progress indicator, add type hints (PR #89490)

[Julian Schmidt via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/5chmidti commented:

The execution time of clang-tidy is a nice improvement as well.

---

> What OS/Python version does this occur on?

|OS|Python|Noisy Shutdown|
|-|-|-|
|Manjaro|3.11.9|Yes|
|NixOS|3.9.19|No|
|NixOS|3.10.14|No|
|NixOS|3.11.9|No|
|Manjaro|3.12.3|Yes|
|Manjaro|3.13.0b2|Yes|


https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/89490