[clang-tools-extra] [run-clang-tidy.py] Refactor, add progress indicator, add type hints (PR #89490)

[Nicolas van Kempen via cfe-commits]

nicovank wrote:

 -  Minor change to progress indicator to stay aligned.
 -  Go back to printing command line. I'm fine with leaving this as-is.
 -  I think I pruned some changes by accident on rebase, thanks @5chmidti! Restored runtime number and initial message.

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> More graceful shutdown would be welcome.

@PiotrZSL I can't reproduce on my setup (MacOS/3.12). What OS/Python version does this occur on? Will look into better shutdown.


https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/89490