[clang] Reapply "[Clang][Sema] Earlier type checking for builtin unary operators (#90500)" (PR #92283)

[Caslyn Tonelli via cfe-commits]

Caslyn wrote:

Hi @sdkrystian & @erichkeane - my apologies!

Yes, indeed this code calls its own increment operator and it should be `++*this` - I failed to see that. Thanks for the feedback here and helping us fix this bug in our code.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/92283