[clang-tools-extra] [clang-tidy] Added bugprone-exception-rethrow check (PR #86448)

[via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/isuckatcs requested changes to this pull request.

Apart from a few typos in the docs and the lambda case, the patch looks good to me.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/86448