[clang-tools-extra] [run-clang-tidy.py] Refactor, add progress indicator, add type hints (PR #89490)

[Nicolas van Kempen via cfe-commits]

nicovank wrote:

> Does it work with Python 3.6?

Actually, it can with one single change. `asyncio,run` was introduced in 3.7, and can be replaced. I'll just add this change and a comment. It worked on my 3.6 setup. Let me know if you run into any issues.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/89490