[clang-tools-extra] [clang-tidy] Avoid overflow when dumping unsigned integer values (PR #85060)

[Piotr Zegar via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/PiotrZSL approved this pull request.

- One code duplication that could be avoided.
- Add entry in release notes, about fixing issue with big unsigned config option values printed as negative numbers in --dump-config

Overall, fine.
As for misc-throw-by-value-catch-by-reference check, we may need to use optional in future for this and fix documentation.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/85060