[clang-tools-extra] Add clang-tidy check readability-math-missing-parentheses (PR #84481)

[Julian Schmidt via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/5chmidti commented:

I had an idea to simplify `addParantheses` and `check` a bit, otherwise this looks good.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/84481