[clang-tools-extra] [clang-tidy] Added bugprone-exception-rethrow check (PR #86448)

[via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/isuckatcs requested changes to this pull request.

Overall the patch looks good apart from some typos and documentation.

By the way, looking at the issue, it seems like someone claimed to be working on it, though we haven't seen any progress so far. Was it okay to take over before asking that person first?

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/86448