[clang] [analyzer] Fix crash on dereference invalid return value of getAdjustedParameterIndex() (PR #83585)

[via cfe-commits]

================
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 -analyzer-checker=core -std=c++23 -verify %s
+// expected-no-diagnostics
+
+struct S {
+  bool operator==(this auto, S) {
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+int use_deducing_this() {
+  return S{} == S{};
----------------
mzyKi wrote:

updated in [f9779b3](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/83585/commits/f9779b3a0a818b159cd9dc54fb5fd01d5b6ccaf6)

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/83585