[clang] Reapply "[clang][analyzer] StreamChecker: Model getc, vfscanf, putc, … (PR #83281)

[Alejandro Álvarez Ayllón via cfe-commits]

alejandro-alvarez-sonarsource wrote:

Well, the test now runs for 4 different platforms and the PR checks are all green, so I guess we can merge.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/83281