[clang] [analyzer] Fix crash on dereference invalid return value of getAdjustedParameterIndex() (PR #83585)

[Balazs Benics via cfe-commits]

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@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 -analyzer-checker=core.DivideZero -std=c++23 -verify %s
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steakhal wrote:

```suggestion
// RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 -analyzer-checker=core -std=c++23 -verify %s
```

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/83585