[clang] [Clang] Fix __has_cpp_attribute and C++11 attributes with arguments in C++03 (PR #83065)

[Amirreza Ashouri via cfe-commits]

AMP999 wrote:

How about also enabling some existing C++11 tests for C++03 mode, too? E.g. `Preprocessor/has_attribute.cpp`, `SemaCXX/attr-declspec-ignored.cpp`, `SemaCXX/attr-gnu.cpp`, don't run in C++03 mode today but they could be made to.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/83065