[clang] Add support for builtin_verbose_trap (PR #79230)

[Konstantin Varlamov via cfe-commits]

https://github.com/var-const commented:

>From the libc++ perspective, the only substantial comment I have is that ideally we need to make sure it's possible to pass long strings with arbitrary characters as the string parameter (or, if it's infeasible to implement, we need to document the limitations).

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/79230