[clang] [clang-format] Add SpacesInParensOption for attributes and filtering for repeated parens (PR #77522)

[Gedare Bloom via cfe-commits]

gedare wrote:

> > The code is [self-hosted](https://git.rtems.org/rtems/) and [mirrored on GitHub](https://github.com/RTEMS/rtems) with a [documented style guide](https://docs.rtems.org/branches/master/eng/coding-formatting.html). In addition, I have been and will continue to be willing to provide bug fix and other maintenance support to clang-format based on the changes submitted to support these style needs.
> > At the moment, I need to satisfy a particular style rule that requires me to add spaces inside of conditional and compound expressions.
> 
> It seems the RTEMS style guide you linked above doesn't have any examples for conditional expressions and compound expressions, and by _conditional expressions_ I assume it means conditionals of control statements rather than ternary [conditional expressions](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/3.1.0?topic=operators-conditional-expressions).
> 
Correct. Unfortunately, no one (myself) has not taken the time to thoroughly document all examples. The existing style has been inherited from the original author of our code base, as these things tend to be for older projects.

> Would `__attribute__((noreturn))`, `if ((i = j))`, `decltype((x))`, and `while (((i + 1) * j - 2) * k > 3)` be formatted as `__attribute__(( noreturn ))`, `if (( i = j ))`, `decltype(( x ))`, and `while ( ( ( i + 1 ) * j - 2 ) * k > 3 )`, respectively?

Almost, it would also be `if ( ( i = j ) )`, Although repeated parens are typically removed. So a better example is `if ( ( i = j ) && ( k > 3 ) )`

We don't have `decltype` in our C code base. I can add support for it as an option if desired.

We also have cases such as `__attribute__(( __aligned__( _alignment ) ))`




https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/77522