[clang] [clang-bindings] Add strict typing to clang Python bindings (#76664) (PR #78114)

[Jannick Kremer via cfe-commits]

DeinAlptraum wrote:

I was just made aware of [some](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/77219) [changes](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/77228) by @linux4life798 that seem reasonable to merge before this, so I've returned this  to draft status for now. Sorry for the confusion.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/78114