[clang] [flang][Driver] Support -rpath, -shared, and -static in the frontend (PR #66702)

[Fangrui Song via cfe-commits]

MaskRay wrote:

These tests just need a `--target=x86_64-linux-gnu`: which is how clang/test/Driver tests these stuff. Non-ELF platforms such as Apple, Windows, and AIX, may not support some options.

Ideally we should express that the test works for every ELF platform or everything except baremetal, but we don't infrastructure for it. Using a specific target triple is somewhat a convention at least for newer tests.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/66702