[clang] [clang-tools-extra] Reapply "[Clang][Sema] Diagnose class member access expressions naming non-existent members of the current instantiation prior to instantiation in the absence of dependent base classes (#84050)" (PR #90152)

[Krystian Stasiowski via cfe-commits]

sdkrystian wrote:

@erichkeane I placed all the new changes into a [single commit](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/90152/commits/b8fda8106405eed0c234802fff8eecde53f2562e)

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/90152