[llvm-dev] [cfe-dev] Intrinsic llvm::isnan

Mon Aug 23 11:25:52 PDT 2021

> Why would a target be allowed to lower the constrained fcmp intrinsic with "ignore" to an operation that might raise an exception?

Because the “fpexcept.ignore” argument means that exceptions are being ignored. That is, it doesn’t matter whether exceptions are raised or not. It’s a promise that exceptions are not unmasked or being explicitly checked in this part of the code.

The “fpexcept.ignore” argument isn’t used for the fully strict mode. It is used for two cases:

1) To get back to the “default” state (in combination with “fpround.tonearest”) when a non-constrained operation is inlined into a function that has constrained operations.
2) To enable dynamic rounding (-frounding-math) without requiring strict exception semantics.

Regarding NaN comparison support in the presence of fast-math flags, I think this is an excellent reason to have the intrinsic. I needed this for a (non-C/C++) downstream compiler before the llvm.isnan intrinsic was introduced and found that the only ways to achieve it were either to introduce an intrinsic for the comparison or to remove the ‘nnan’ flag everywhere.

-Andy

From: llvm-dev <llvm-dev-bounces at lists.llvm.org> On Behalf Of Sanjay Patel via llvm-dev
Sent: Monday, August 23, 2021 10:56 AM
To: Wang, Pengfei <Pengfei.Wang at intel.com>
Cc: llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org; Clang Dev <cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org>
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] [cfe-dev] Intrinsic llvm::isnan

Why would a target be allowed to lower the constrained fcmp intrinsic with "ignore" to an operation that might raise an exception?
If that scenario does not exist, then make the definition of fcmp "ignore" stronger by saying that it *requires* a lowering that does not raise an exception.
If refining the definition of "ignore" in this case is too hard to reconcile with other FP ops, how about adding another exception mode ("none") to specify that exceptions are guaranteed not to be raised?

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 11:04 AM Wang, Pengfei <pengfei.wang at intel.com<mailto:pengfei.wang at intel.com>> wrote:
AFAIU, the fpexcept metadata is just a hint for optimizations, which have to respect the sequence of FP instructions. “ignore” is not a command to ask backend to mask the exception. It just tells optimizations the exceptions are not concerned by user, so that the FP instructions can be scheduled.
I think an non exception intrinsic is needed, because it is a commend to request backend not to emit instructions that may raise exception.

Thanks
Pengfei

From: llvm-dev <llvm-dev-bounces at lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev-bounces at lists.llvm.org>> On Behalf Of Sanjay Patel via llvm-dev
Sent: Monday, August 23, 2021 10:13 PM
To: Serge Pavlov <sepavloff at gmail.com<mailto:sepavloff at gmail.com>>
Cc: LLVM Developers <llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org<mailto:llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>>; Clang Dev <cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org<mailto:cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org>>
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] [cfe-dev] Intrinsic llvm::isnan

If the FP state is not made invisible/irrelevant by "fpexcept.ignore", then why is that argument on this intrinsic call at all?
Ie, why is that argument not used by the backend to decide to lower to a CMP instruction or special isnan instruction or library call?

An example would be helpful - in what case would these two lower differently given that SNAN always raises a visible exception?
call i1 @llvm.experimental.constrained.fcmp.f64(double %x, double %x, metadata !"uno", metadata !"fpexcept.ignore") ; "floating-point exceptions will be masked"
call i1 @llvm.experimental.constrained.fcmp.f64(double %x, double %x, metadata !"uno", metadata !"fpexcept.strict")  ; "this mode can also be used with code that unmasks FP exceptions"

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 9:50 AM Serge Pavlov <sepavloff at gmail.com<mailto:sepavloff at gmail.com>> wrote:
When codegen lowers this call, it does not know if this is a regular compare and it may create CMP instruction, as for default environment, or this is 'isnan' for which it should generate different code, which does not influence FP state.

On most architectures compare instructions change FP state, in default environment it is just ignored, but actually hardware registers can be modified, For 'isnan' instructions must actually leave FP state intact.

Thanks,
--Serge

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 8:43 PM Sanjay Patel <spatel at rotateright.com<mailto:spatel at rotateright.com>> wrote:
You're saying that the function definition text overrides the argument definition text. Why are we choosing that interpretation rather than the inverse (and documenting it one way or the other)?

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 9:38 AM Serge Pavlov <sepavloff at gmail.com<mailto:sepavloff at gmail.com>> wrote:
> How is this call in LLVM different than the semantics of "isnan(x)" that is required by IEEE-754 or the C standard?

If either of the arguments of `llvm.experimental.constrained.fcmp` is signaling NaN, this function should raise an 'Invalid' exception. 'isnan' never raises exceptions.

Thanks,
--Serge

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 8:10 PM Sanjay Patel <spatel at rotateright.com<mailto:spatel at rotateright.com>> wrote:
I'm confused about the definition of:
https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-experimental-constrained-fcmp-and-llvm-experimental-constrained-fcmps-intrinsics

These intrinsics require an "exception behavior" argument. That argument can take the value “fpexcept.ignore” which is defined as:
"optimization passes may assume that the exception status flags will not be read and that floating-point exceptions will be masked"

i1 @llvm.experimental.constrained.fcmp.f64(double %x, double %x, metadata !"uno", metadata !"fpexcept.ignore")

How is this call in LLVM different than the semantics of "isnan(x)" that is required by IEEE-754 or the C standard?

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 9:00 AM Serge Pavlov via cfe-dev <cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org<mailto:cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org>> wrote:

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 6:12 PM Roman Lebedev <lebedev.ri at gmail.com<mailto:lebedev.ri at gmail.com>> wrote:
Thank you for posting the RFC!

I do not believe we should conflate StrictFP support, and
`-ffast-math` handling, these are two separate/separatable concerns.

You are right, they are separate, but they originate from the implementation of the same function and can be solved with the same solution.

As for the latter, right now i'm not convinced that we should
second-guess/override explicit user request.
This is inconsistent, and does not match how at least the GCC deals with it.
I think changing the status-quo (before said patch) should be a separate RFC,
and that change should be undone until after that RFC is accepted.

Actually we have two explicit user requests, a call of 'isnan' and an option '-ffast-math'. IMHO they do not contradict each other as 'isnan' is not an arithmetic operation. There is a discussion in https://reviews.llvm.org/D18513#387418, which also expresses the opinion that limitations imposed by '-ffast-math' should be applied only to 'math' functions but not to 'tests'. As for GCC behavior, they agree that this behavior is a bag: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=84949. Intel and Microsoft compilers do not replace 'isnan' with assumed value.

As for the latter, the main point of confusion is,
why is `@llvm.isnan` still used in non-StrictFP code?

We have to introduce an intrinsic to represent `isnan` in strictfp environment. It is natural to use it for the default environment as well. Besides, a target may have a more efficient way to represent `isnan` than unordered comparison.

The argument that we need `@llvm.isnan` because we *might* transition
in and out of StrictFP section does not seem to hold for me, because
https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#constrainedfp says:

> If any FP operation in a function is constrained then they all must be constrained. This is required for correct LLVM IR.

There was no such intention. The primary motivation was strict fp exceptions.

So presumably when codegen'ing a function, we already know that we
will use StrictFP ops, and that should be the knob to use `@llvm.isnan`,
i think.

Roman

On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 1:57 PM Serge Pavlov via cfe-dev
<cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org<mailto:cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org>> wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> Some time ago a new intrinsic `llvm.isnan` was introduced, which is intended to represent IEEE-754 operation `isNaN` as well as a family of C library functions `isnan*`. Recently during post-commit review concern was raised (see  https://reviews.llvm.org/D104854) that this functionality must have had RFC to make sure there is consensus on semantics.
>
> Previously the frontend intrinsic `__builtin_isnan` was converted into `cmp uno` during IR generation in clang codegen. There are two main reasons why this solution is not satisfactory.
>
> 1.  Strict floating-point semantics.
>
> If FP exceptions are not ignored, `cmp uno` must be replaced with its constrained counterpart, namely `llvm.experimental.constrained.fcmp` or `llvm.experimental.constrained.fcmps`. None of them is compatible with the semantics of `isnan`. Both IEEE-754 (5.7.2) an C standard  (http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2596.pdf, F.3p6) demand that this function does not raise floating point exceptions. Both the constrained compare intrinsics raise an exception if either operand is a SNAN (https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#id1131). So there was no target-independent IR construct that could express `isnan`.
>
> This drawback was significant enough and some attempts to alleviate it were undertaken. In https://reviews.llvm.org/D95948 `isnan` was implemented using integer operations in strictfp functions. It however is not suitable for targets where a more efficient way exists, like dedicated instruction. Another solution was implemented in https://reviews.llvm.org/D96568, where a hook 'clang::TargetCodeGenInfo::testFPKind' was introduced, which injects target specific code into IR. Such a solution makes IR more target-dependent and prevents some IR-level optimizations.
>
> 2. Compilation with -ffast-math
>
> The option '-ffast-math' is often used for performance critical code, as it can produce faster code. In this case the user must ensure that NaNs are not used as operand values. `isnan` is just proposed for such checks, but it was unusable when `isnan` was represented by compare instruction, because the latter may be optimized out. One of use cases is data in memory, which is processed by a function compiled with `-ffast-math`. Some items in the data are NaNs to denote absence of values.
>
> This point requires some remarks about using NaNs when a function is compiled with `-ffast-math`. GCC manual does not specify how this option works, it only states about `-ffinite-math-only` (https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-11.2.0/gcc/Optimize-Options.html#Optimize-Options):
>
> `Allow optimizations for floating-point arithmetic that assume that arguments and results are not NaNs or +-Infs.`
>
> `isnan` does not do any arithmetic, only check, so this statement apparently does not apply to it. There is a GCC bug report https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=84949, where investigation conforms that std::isnan() and std::fpclassify() should works with NaNs as specified even in -ffast-math mode.
>
> Extending NaN restrictions in -ffast-math mode to functions like `isnan` does not make code faster, but is a source of broken user expectations. If a user writes `isnan` they usually expect an actual check. Silently removing the check is a stronger action than assuming that float value contains only real numbers.
>
> Intrinsic `llvm.isnan` solves these problems. It
> - represents the check throughout the IR pipeline and saves it from undesired optimizations,
> - is lowered in selector, which can choose the most suitable implementation for particular target,
> - helps keeping IR target-independent,
> - facilitates program analysis as the operation is presented explicitly and is not hidden behind general nodes.
>
> Note that `llvm.isnan` is optimized out if its argument is an operation with `nnan` flag, this behavior agrees with the definition of this flag in LLVM documentation.
>
> Any feedback is welcome.
>
> Thanks,
> --Serge
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