[llvm-dev] Intel AMX programming model discussion.
Luo, Yuanke via llvm-dev
llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
Fri Aug 14 16:39:04 PDT 2020
From: Hal Finkel <hfinkel at anl.gov>
Sent: Friday, August 14, 2020 11:27 PM
To: Luo, Yuanke <yuanke.luo at intel.com>; llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org; florian_hahn at apple.com; Kaylor, Andrew <andrew.kaylor at intel.com>; Topper, Craig <craig.topper at intel.com>; Lu, Hongjiu <hongjiu.lu at intel.com>
Subject: Re: [llvm-dev] Intel AMX programming model discussion.
On 8/14/20 8:27 AM, Luo, Yuanke via llvm-dev wrote:
Hi,
Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions (Intel AMX) is a new programming paradigm consisting of two components: a set of 2-dimensional registers (tiles) representing sub-arrays from a larger 2-dimensional memory image, and accelerators able to operate on tiles. Capability of Intel AMX implementation is enumerated by palettes. Two palettes are supported: palette 0 represents the initialized state and palette 1 consists of 8 tile registers of up to 1 KB size, which is controlled by a tile control register.
The instruction manual is posted at https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/download/intel-architecture-instruction-set-extensions-programming-reference.html.
The AMX abi proposal is posted at https://groups.google.com/g/x86-64-abi/c/NRejFm7pwb4.
This email is to discuss the programming model for AMX. Florian has introduced the matrix type and intrinsics in LLVM community. We'd like to adopt some ideas from it.
Here is what we propose for the AMX programming model.
1. Data type.
We'd like to have fixed vector type for AMX. Since the shape to AMX register can be configurable, the vector size is the maximum size of AMX register. That means the vector size is 1024 bytes.
The C code may look like this.
typedef int _tile_data __attribute__((__vector_size__(1024), __aligned__(64)));
_tile_data tile;
And the LLVM IR may look like this.
@tile = dso_local local_unnamed_addr global <256 x i32> zeroinitializer, align 64
For llvm IR, it is nice to have a new type x86_amxtile that can be mapped to AMX registers.
2. AMX Intrinsics.
The internal intrinsics are 1:1 mapped to AMX instructions. The parameter m, n, k identifies the shape of the tile. The shape can be variable, but it cannot exceed the size that AMX HW can support. Compiler can deduce shape of the tile from the AMX intrinsics.
_tile_data _tile_loadd_internal(char m, short n, const void *base, int stride);
_tile_data _tile_dpbssd_internal(char m, short n, short k, _tile_data dst, _tile_data src1, _tile_data src2);
_tile_data _tile_dpbf16ps_internal(char m, short n, short k, _tile_data dst, _tile_data src1, _tile_data src2);
void _tile_stored_internal(char m, short n, void *base, int stride, _tile_data tile);
3. User interfaces.
The tile shape and tile data are combined into a struct in C language. The shape of the tile is only allowed to be initialized once. The user interface looks as this.
3 #define __DEFAULT_FN_AMX \
4 __attribute__((__always_inline__, __nodebug__, __target__("amx-int8")))
9 typedef struct __tile_str {
10 const char row;
11 const short col;
12 _tile_data tile;
13 }__tile;
This interface look convenient, but what happens if one of these types appears on a function-call boundary? Does this force everything to be spilled and restored from the stack? Maybe this type needs some additional attribute to give it a custom register-passing convention?
[Yuanke] We prefer the tile data is passed through memory across function call, because passing though register is not as efficient as passing through memory. Compiler allocate the tile register and configure it in callee, and the tile register is re-configured in callee and all the tile data register is clear to zero. So yes, this force everything to be spilled and restored from the stack.
14
15 __DEFAULT_FN_AMX
16 void __tile_loadd(__tile *dst, const void *base, long stride) {
17 dst->tile = _tile_loadd_internal(dst->row, dst->col, base, stride);
18 }
19
20 __DEFAULT_FN_AMX
21 void __tile_dpbsud(__tile *dst, __tile src1, __tile src2) {
22 dst->tile = _tile_dpbssd_internal(src1.row, src2.col, src1.col, dst->tile, src1.tile, src2.tile);
23 }
24
25 __DEFAULT_FN_AMX
26 void __tile_stored(void *base, long stride, __tile src) {
27 _tile_stored_internal(src.row, src.col, base, stride, src.tile);
28 }
4. Example code
The example shows how to use the user interface in a function.
51 void api(int cond, short row, short col) {
52 __tile a = {row, col};
53 __tile b = {row, col};
54 __tile c = {row, col};
55
56 if(cond) {
57 __tile_loadd(&a, buf, STRIDE);
58 __tile_loadd(&b, buf, STRIDE);
59 __tile_loadd(&c, buf, STRIDE);
60 } else {
61 __tile_loadd(&a, buf2, STRIDE);
62 __tile_loadd(&b, buf2, STRIDE);
63 __tile_loadd(&c, buf2, STRIDE);
64 }
65 __tile_dpbsud(&c, a, b);
66 __tile_stored(buf, STRIDE, c);
67 }
5. LLVM IR
The LLVM intrinsics IR take the row and column information as the input parameter, so that compiler can deduce the shape of tile data. The remaining parameters are what AMX instructions require. This is the LLVM IR corresponding to the example code.
12 define dso_local void @api(i32 %cond, i16 signext %row, i16 signext %col) local_unnamed_addr #2 {
13 entry:
14 %tobool = icmp eq i32 %cond, 0
15 %sext = shl i16 %col, 8
16 %conv.i31 = ashr exact i16 %sext, 8
17 br i1 %tobool, label %if.else, label %if.then
18
19 if.then: ; preds = %entry
20 %0 = tail call <256 x i32> @llvm.x86.tileloadd64(i16 %row, i16 %conv.i31, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([1024 x i8], [1024 x i8]* @buf, i64 0, i64 0), i64 32) #3
21 %1 = tail call <256 x i32> @llvm.x86.tileloadd64(i16 %row, i16 %conv.i31, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([1024 x i8], [1024 x i8]* @buf, i64 0, i64 0), i64 32) #3
22 %2 = tail call <256 x i32> @llvm.x86.tileloadd64(i16 %row, i16 %conv.i31, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([1024 x i8], [1024 x i8]* @buf, i64 0, i64 0), i64 32) #3
23 br label %if.end
24
25 if.else: ; preds = %entry
26 %3 = tail call <256 x i32> @llvm.x86.tileloadd64(i16 %row, i16 %conv.i31, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([1024 x i8], [1024 x i8]* @buf2, i64 0, i64 0), i64 32) #3
27 %4 = tail call <256 x i32> @llvm.x86.tileloadd64(i16 %row, i16 %conv.i31, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([1024 x i8], [1024 x i8]* @buf2, i64 0, i64 0), i64 32) #3
28 %5 = tail call <256 x i32> @llvm.x86.tileloadd64(i16 %row, i16 %conv.i31, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([1024 x i8], [1024 x i8]* @buf2, i64 0, i64 0), i64 32) #3
29 br label %if.end
30
31 if.end: ; preds = %if.else, %if.then
32 %a.sroa.1186.0 = phi <256 x i32> [ %3, %if.else ], [ %0, %if.then ]
33 %b.sroa.1068.0 = phi <256 x i32> [ %4, %if.else ], [ %1, %if.then ]
34 %c.sroa.1149.0 = phi <256 x i32> [ %5, %if.else ], [ %2, %if.then ]
35 %6 = tail call <256 x i32> @llvm.x86.tdpbssd(i16 %row, i16 %conv.i31, i16 %conv.i31, <256 x i32> %c.sroa.1149.0, <256 x i32> %a.sroa.1186.0, <256 x i32> %b.sroa.1068.0) #3
36 tail call void @llvm.x86.tilestored64(i16 %row, i16 %conv.i31, i8* getelementptr inbounds ([1024 x i8], [1024 x i8]* @buf, i64 0, i64 0), i64 32, <256 x i32> %6) #3
37 ret void
38 }
6. Shape propagation
When in -O0 build, some general load/store for tile vector is generated by front-end. We need to root from AMX intrinsics to propagate the shape information to the virtual tile register. If the an AMX intrinsic use the result of load instruction, the shape is propagated to the load and the load is transformed to tile load intrinsic. If the store instruction uses any result of AMX intrinsic, the shape is propagated to store instruction and the store is transformed to tile store intrinsic
7. Machine IR
Since the AMX intrinsics take the row and column as the input parameters, we can create a pseudo instruction corresponding to it. The AMX intrinsics are lowered to the pseudo AMX instruction which has extra row and column operands corresponding to AMX intrinsic. The real AMX instructions don't need the row and column operands. The row and column information should be configured by ldtilecfg before executing any AMX instruction.
8. Register allocation
AMX register is special. It needs to be configured before use and the config instruction is expensive. To avoid unnecessary tile configure, we collect the tile shape information as much as possible and combine them into one ldtilecfg instruction. The ldtilecfg instruction should dominate any AMX instruction that access tile register. On the other side, the ldtilecfg should post-dominated the instruction that define the tile shape. For tile register spill, it should avoid re-config due to the different tile shape, the spilled register should be reloaded to the register that share the same tile shape. Since tile register allocation is special and it may allocate general virtual register to configure tile register, we can add a sperate pass to do it before general register allocation pass. After register allocation, the tile shape information is not needed anymore, so we can transform the pseudo AMX instruction to real AMX instruction by removing the row and column operands.
Can you take advantage of our IPRA capability so that internal function calls might avoid this reconfiguration if the necessary configuration is always done in the caller?
[Yuanke] I don't know IPRA capability and I am very interesting on it. Would you post some linkage that introduce IPRA?
How will the implementation of __builtin_setjmp/longjmp be affected?
[Yuanke] That depends on the ABI. We propose all tile register is caller saved, so I think setjmp/longjmp is not affected.
Thanks again,
Hal
9. Use recommendation
Due to the shape configure issue, we recommend user to define the tile shape at the entry of the function entry and inline function as much as possible. The AMX instructions focus on computation instead of storage, so global variable for tile data is not recommended.
Thanks
Yuanke
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Hal Finkel
Lead, Compiler Technology and Programming Languages
Leadership Computing Facility
Argonne National Laboratory
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