[llvm-dev] [cfe-dev] [RFC] Expose user provided vector function for auto-vectorization.

Finkel, Hal J. via llvm-dev llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org
Tue May 28 19:55:15 PDT 2019


On 5/28/19 3:31 PM, Philip Reames via cfe-dev wrote:
> I generally like the idea of having support in IR for vectorization of
> custom functions.  I have several use cases which would benefit from this.
>
> I'd suggest a couple of reframings to the IR representation though.
>
> First, this should probably be specified as metadata/attribute on a
> function declaration.  Allowing the callsite variant is fine, but it
> should primarily be a property of the called function, not of the call
> site.  Being able to specify it once per declaration is much cleaner.


I agree. We should support this both on the function declaration and on 
the call sites.


>
> Second, I really don't like the mangling use here.  We need a better way
> to specify the properties of the function then it's mangled name.  One
> thought to explore is to directly use the Value of the function
> declaration (since this is metadata and we can do that), and then tie
> the properties to the function declaration in some way?  Sorry, I don't
> really have a specific suggestion here.


Is the problem the mangling or the fact that the mangling is 
ABI/target-specific? One option is to use LLVM's mangling scheme (the 
one we use for intrinsics) and then provide some backend infrastructure 
to translate later.


  -Hal


>
> Philip
>
> On 5/28/19 12:44 PM, Francesco Petrogalli via llvm-dev wrote:
>> Dear all,
>>
>> This RFC is a proposal to provide auto-vectorization functionality for user provided vector functions.
>>
>> The proposal is a modification of an RFC that I have sent out a couple of months ago, with the title `[RFC] Re-implementing -fveclib with OpenMP` (see http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2018-December/128426.html). The previous RFC is to be considered abandoned.
>>
>> The original RFC was proposing to re-implement the `-fveclib` command line option. This proposal avoids that, and limits its scope to the mechanics of providing vector function in user code that the compiler can pick up for auto-vectorization. This narrower scope limits the impact of changes that are needed in both clang and LLVM.
>>
>> Please let me know what you think.
>>
>> Kind regards,
>>
>> Francesco
>>
>>
>> =================================================================================
>>
>> Introduction
>> ============
>>
>> This RFC encompasses the proposal of informing the vectorizer about the
>> availability of vector functions provided by the user. The mechanism is
>> based on the use of the directive `declare variant` introduced in OpenMP
>> 5.0 [^1].
>>
>> The mechanism proposed has the following properties:
>>
>> 1.  Decouples the compiler front-end that knows about the availability
>>      of vectorized routines, from the back-end that knows how to make use
>>      of them.
>> 2.  Enable support for a developer's own vector libraries without
>>      requiring changes to the compiler.
>> 3.  Enables other frontends (e.g. f18) to add scalar-to-vector function
>>      mappings as relevant for their own runtime libraries, etc.
>>
>> The implemetation consists of two separate sets of changes.
>>
>> The first set is a set o changes in `llvm`, and consists of:
>>
>> 1.  [Changes in LLVM IR](#llvmIR) to provide information about the
>>      availability of user-defined vector functions via metadata attached
>>      to an `llvm::CallInst`.
>> 2.  [An infrastructure](#infrastructure) that can be queried to retrive
>>      information about the available vector functions associated to a
>>      `llvm::CallInst`.
>> 3.  [Changes in the LoopVectorizer](#LV) to use the API to query the
>>      metadata.
>>
>> The second set consists of the changes [changes in clang](#clang) that
>> are needed too to recognize the `#pragma clang declare variant`
>> directive.
>>
>> Proposed changes
>> ================
>>
>> We propose an implementation that uses `#pragma clang declare variant`
>> to inform the backend components about the availability of vector
>> version of scalar functions found in IR. The mechanism relies in storing
>> such information in IR metadata, and therefore makes the
>> auto-vectorization of function calls a mid-end (`opt`) process that is
>> independent on the front-end that generated such IR metadata.
>>
>> This implementation provides a generic mechanism that the users of the
>> LLVM compiler will be able to use for interfacing their own vector
>> routines for generic code.
>>
>> The implementation can also expose vectorization-specific descriptors --
>> for example, like the `linear` and `uniform` clauses of the OpenMP
>> `declare simd` directive -- that could be used to finely tune the
>> automatic vectorization of some functions (think for example the
>> vectorization of `double sincos(double , double *, double *)`, where
>> `linear` can be used to give extra information about the memory layout
>> of the 2 pointers parameters in the vector version).
>>
>> The directive `#pragma clang declare variant` follows the syntax of the
>> `#pragma omp declare variant` directive of OpenMP.
>>
>> We define the new directive in the `clang` namespace instead of using
>> the `omp` one of OpenMP to allow the compiler to perform
>> auto-vectorization outside of an OpenMP SIMD context.
>>
>> The mechanism is base on OpenMP to provide a uniform user experience
>> across the two mechanism, and to maximise the number of shared
>> components of the infrastructure needed in the compiler frontend to
>> enable the feature.
>>
>> Changes in LLVM IR {#llvmIR}
>> ------------------
>>
>> The IR is enriched with metadata that details the availability of vector
>> versions of an associated scalar function. This metadata is attached to
>> the call site of the scalar function.
>>
>> The metadata takes the form of an attribute containing a comma separated
>> list of vector function mappings. Each entry has a unique name that
>> follows the Vector Function ABI[^2] and real name that is used when
>> generating calls to this vector function.
>>
>>      vfunc_name1(real_name1), vfunc_name2(real_name2)
>>
>> The Vector Function ABI name describes the signature of the vector
>> function so that properties like vectorisation factor can be queried
>> during compilation.
>>
>> The `(real name)` token is optional and assumed to match the Vector
>> Function ABI name when omitted.
>>
>> For example, the availability of a 2-lane double precision `sin`
>> function via SVML when targeting AVX on x86 is provided by the following
>> IR.
>>
>>      // ...
>>      ... = call double @sin(double) #0
>>      // ...
>>
>>      #0 = { vector-variant = {"_ZGVcN2v_sin(__svml_sin2),
>>                                _ZGVdN4v_sin(__svml_sin4),
>>                                ..."} }
>>
>> The string `"_ZGVcN2v_sin(__svml_sin2)"` in this vector-variant
>> attribute provides information on the shape of the vector function via
>> the string `_ZGVcN2v_sin`, mangled according to the Vector Function ABI
>> for Intel, and remaps the standard Vector Function ABI name to the
>> non-standard name `__svml_sin2`.
>>
>> This metadata is compatible with the proposal "Proposal for function
>> vectorization and loop vectorization with function calls",[^3] that uses
>> Vector Function ABI mangled names to inform the vectorizer about the
>> availability of vector functions. The proposal extends the original by
>> allowing the explicit mapping of the Vector Function ABI mangled name to
>> a non-standard name, which allows the use of existing vector libraries.
>>
>> The `vector-variant` attribute needs to be attached on a per-call basis
>> to avoid conflicts when merging modules with different vector variants.
>>
>> The query infrastructure: SVFS {#infrastructure}
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> The Search Vector Function System (SVFS) is constructed from an
>> `llvm::Module` instance so it can create function definitions. The SVFS
>> exposes an API with two methods.
>>
>> ### `SVFS::isFunctionVectorizable`
>>
>> This method queries the avilability of a vectorized version of a
>> function. The signature of the method is as follows.
>>
>>      bool isFunctionVectorizable(llvm::CallInst * Call, ParTypeMap Params);
>>
>> The method determine the availability of vector version of the function
>> invoked by the `Call` parameter by looking at the `vector-variant`
>> metadata.
>>
>> The `Params` argument is a map that associates the position of a
>> parameter in the `CallInst` to its `ParameterType` descriptor. The
>> `ParameterType` descriptor holds information about the shape of the
>> correspondend parameter in the signature of the vector function. This
>> `ParamaterType` is used to query the SVMS about the availability of
>> vector version that have `linear`, `uniform` or `align` parameters (in
>> the sense of OpenMP 4.0 and onwards).
>>
>> The method `isFunctionVectorizable`, when invoked with an empty
>> `ParTypeMap`, is equivalent to the `TargetLibraryInfo` method
>> `isFunctionVectorizable(StrinRef Name)`.
>>
>> ### `SVFS::getVectorizedFunction`
>>
>> This method returns the vector function declaration that correspond to
>> the needs of the vectorization technique that is being run.
>>
>> The signature of the function is as follows.
>>
>>      std::pair<llvm::FunctionType *, std::string> getVectorizedFunction(
>>        llvm::CallInst * Call, unsigned VF, bool IsMasked, ParTypeSet Params);
>>
>> The `Call` parameter is the call instance that is being vectorized, the
>> `VF` parameter represent the vectorization factor (how many lanes), the
>> `IsMasked` parameter decides whether or not the signature of the vector
>> function is required to have a mask parameter, the `Params` parameter
>> describes the shape of the vector function as in the
>> `isFunctionVectorizable` method.
>>
>> The methods uses the `vector-variant` metadata and returns the function
>> signature and the name of the function based on the input parameters.
>>
>> The SVFS can add new function definitions, in the same module as the
>> `Call`, to provide vector functions that are not present within the
>> vector-variant metadata. For example, if a library provides a vector
>> version of a function with a vectorization factor of 2, but the
>> vectorizer is requesting a vectorization factor of 4, the SVFS is
>> allowed to create a definition that calls the 2-lane version twice. This
>> capability applies similarly for providing masked and unmasked versions
>> when the request does not match what is available in the library.
>>
>> This method is equivalent to the TLI method
>> `StringRef getVectorizedFunction(StringRef F, unsigned VF) const;`.
>>
>> Notice that to fully support OpenMP vectorization we need to think about
>> a fuzzy matching mechanism that is able to select a candidate in the
>> calling context. However, this proposal is intended for scalar-to-vector
>> mappings of math-like functions that are most likely to associate a
>> unique vector candidate in most contexts. Therefore, extending this
>> behavior to a generic one is an aspect of the implementation that will
>> be treated in a separate RFC about the vectorization pass.
>>
>> ### Scalable vectorization
>>
>> Both methods of the SVFS API will be extended with a boolean parameter
>> to specify whether scalable signatures are needed by the user of the
>> SVFS.
>>
>> Changes in clang {#clang}
>> ----------------
>>
>> We use clang to generate the metadata described above.
>>
>> In the compilation unit, the vector function definition or declaration
>> must be visible and associated to the scalar version via the
>> `#pragma clang declare variant` according to the rule defined by the
>> correspondent `#pragma omp declare variant` defined in OpenMP 5.0, as in
>> the following example.
>>
>>      #pragma clang declare variant(vector_sinf) \
>>      match(construct=simd(simdlen(4),notinbranch), device={isa("simd")})
>>      extern float sinf(float);
>>
>>      float32x4_t vector_sinf(float32x4_t x);
>>
>> The `construct` set in the directive, together with the `device` set, is
>> used to generate the vector mangled name to be used in the
>> `vector-variant` attribute, for example `_ZGVnN2v_sin`, when targeting
>> AArch64 Advanced SIMD code generation. The rule for mangling the name of
>> the scalar function in the vector name are defined in the the Vector
>> Function ABI specification of the target.
>>
>> The part of the vector-variant attribute that redirects the call to
>> `vector_sinf` is derived from the `variant-id` specified in the
>> `variant` clause.
>>
>> Summary
>> =======
>>
>> New `clang` directive in clang
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> `#pragma omp declare variant`, same as `#pragma omp declare variant`
>> restricted to the `simd` context selector, from OpenMP 5.0+.
>>
>> Option behavior, and interaction with OpenMP
>> --------------------------------------------
>>
>> The behavior described below makes sure that
>> `#pragma cland declare variant` function vectorization and OpenMP
>> function vectorization are orthogonal.
>>
>> `-fclang-declare-variant`
>>
>> :   The `#pragma clang declare variant` directives are parsed and used
>>      to populate the `vector-variant` attribute.
>>
>> `-fopenmp[-simd]`
>>
>> :   The `#pragma omp declare variant` directives are parsed and used to
>>      populate the `vector-variant` attribute.
>>
>> `-fopenmp[-simd]`and `-fno-clang-declare-variant`
>>
>> :   The directive `#pragma omp declare variant` is used to populate the
>>      `vector-variant` attribute in IR. The directive
>>      `#pragma   clang declare variant` are ignored.
>>
>> [^1]: <https://www.openmp.org/wp-content/uploads/OpenMP-API-Specification-5.0.pdf>
>>
>> [^2]: Vector Function ABI for x86:
>>      <https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/vector-simd-function-abi>.
>>      Vector Function ABI for AArch64:
>>      https://developer.arm.com/products/software-development-tools/hpc/arm-compiler-for-hpc/vector-function-abi
>>
>> [^3]: <http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/cfe-dev/2016-March/047732.html>
>>
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-- 
Hal Finkel
Lead, Compiler Technology and Programming Languages
Leadership Computing Facility
Argonne National Laboratory



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