[llvm-dev] [cfe-dev] Why is #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS not supported?

Fri Feb 9 06:42:20 PST 2018

Hi Andrew,

sorry for the delay, I only now got some time to look into this a bit more.
But I still have a number of questions of how to actually implement this in
the back end.  Looking at this bottom-up, starting with the behavior of the
actual machine instructions, we have (at least on SystemZ) the following
things to consider:

A) Rounding mode

Most FP arithmetic instructions use the "current rounding mode" as
indicated in the floating-point control register.  This is currently
assumed to never change.  To fix this, we need to avoid scheduling FP
arithmetic instructions across instructions that modify the rounding mode.
This may also imply avoiding scheduling instructions across function calls,
since those may also modify the rounding mode.  This can probably be done
by modeling the floating-point control register as LLVM register (or maybe
model just the rounding mode bits as its own "register"), have all FP
arithmetic instructions in question take this new register as implicit
input, and have the register by clobbered by the instructions that change
the rounding mode (and also function calls).

B) Floating-point status flags

FP instructions set a flag bit in the floating-point status register
whenever an IEEE exception condition is recognized.  If these flag bits are
later tested by application code, we should ensure their value is unchanged
by compiler optimization.  Naively modeling the status register is probably
overkill here: since every FP instruction would need to be considered to
modify (i.e. use and def) that register, this simply has the effect of
creating a dependency chain across *all* FP instructions and makes any kind
of instruction scheduling impossible.  But this isn't really necessary
since the flag bits actually simply accumulate.  So it would suffice to
have special dependencies from each FP instruction separately directly to
the next instruction (or routine) that reads the status flags. However, I
don't really see any easy way to model this type of dependency in the
back-end (in particular on the MI level).

C) Floating-point exceptions

If a mask bit in the floating-point status register is set, then all FP
instructions will *trap* whenever an IEEE exception condition is
recognized.  This means that we need to treat those instructions as having
unmodelled side effects, so that they cannot be speculatively executed.
Also, we cannot schedule FP instructions across instructions that set
(those bits in) the FP status register -- but the latter is probably
automatically done as long as those latter instructions are described as
having unmodeled side effects.   Note that this will in effect again create
a dependency chain across all FP instructions, so that B) should be
implicitly covered as well here.

Did I miss anything here?  I'm assuming that the behavior on FP
instructions on Intel (and other architectures) will be roughly similar,
given that this behavior is mostly defined by the IEEE standard.

Now the question in my mind is, how this this all map onto the experimental
constrained intrinsics?   They do have "rounding mode" and "exception
behavior" metadata, but I don't really see how that maps onto the behavior
of instructions as described above.   Also, right now the back-end doesn't
even *get* at that data in the first place, since it is just thown away
when lowering the intrinsics to STRICT_... nodes.   In fact, I'm also not
sure how the front-end is even supposed to be *setting* those metadata
flags -- is the compiler supposed to track calls to fesetround and the
like, and thereby determine which rounding and exception modes apply to any
given block of code?  In fact, was the original intention even that the
back-end actually implements different behavior based on this level of
detail, or was the back-end supposed to support only two modes, the default
behavior of today and a fully strict implementation always satisfying all
three of A), B), and C) above?

Looking again at a possible implementation in the back-end, I'm now
wondering if it wouldn't after all be better to just treat the STRICT_
opcodes like all other DAG nodes.  That is, have them be associated with an
action (Legal, Expand, or Custom); set the default action to Expand, with a
default expander that just replaces them by the "normal" FP nodes; and
allow a back-end to set the action to Legal and/or Custom and then just
handle them in the back-end as it sees fit.  This might indeed require
multiple patterns to match them, but it should be possible to generate
those via multiclass instantiations so it might not be all that big a deal.
The benefit would be that it allows the back-end the greatest freedom how
to handle things (e.g. interactions with target-specific control
registers).

Mit freundlichen Gruessen / Best Regards

Ulrich Weigand

--
  Dr. Ulrich Weigand | Phone: +49-7031/16-3727
  STSM, GNU/Linux compilers and toolchain
  IBM Deutschland Research & Development GmbH
  Vorsitzende des Aufsichtsrats: Martina Koederitz | Geschäftsführung: Dirk
Wittkopp
  Sitz der Gesellschaft: Böblingen | Registergericht: Amtsgericht
Stuttgart, HRB 243294

From:	"Kaylor, Andrew" <andrew.kaylor at intel.com>
To:	Ulrich Weigand <Ulrich.Weigand at de.ibm.com>,
            "kpn at neutralgood.org" <kpn at neutralgood.org>
Cc:	Hal Finkel <hfinkel at anl.gov>, Richard Smith
            <richard at metafoo.co.uk>, "bob.huemmer at sas.com"
            <bob.huemmer at sas.com>, "bumblebritches57 at gmail.com"
            <bumblebritches57 at gmail.com>, "cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org"
            <cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org>, llvm-dev <llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>
Date:	09.01.2018 19:55
Subject:	RE: [cfe-dev] Why is #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS not supported?

I think we’re going to need to create a new mechanism to communicate strict
FP modes to the backend. I think we need to avoid doing anything that will
require re-inventing or duplicating all of the pattern matching that goes
on in instruction selection (which is the reason we’re currently dropping
that information). I’m out of my depth on this transition, but I think
maybe we could handle it with some kind of attribute on the MBB.

In C/C++, at least, it’s my understanding that the pragmas always apply at
the scope-level (as opposed to having the possibility of being
instruction-specific), and we’ve previously agreed that our implementation
will really need to apply the rules across entire functions in the sense
that if any part of a function uses the constrained intrinsics all FP
operations in the function will need to use them (though different metadata
arguments may be used in different scopes). So I think that opens our
options a bit.

Regarding constant folding, I think you are correct that it isn’t happening
anywhere in the backends at the moment. There is some constant folding done
during instruction selection, but the existing mechanism prevents that. My
concern is that given LLVM’s development model, if there is nothing in
place to prevent constant folding and no consensus that it shouldn’t be
allowed then we should probably believe that someone will eventually do it.

-Andy

From: Ulrich Weigand [mailto:Ulrich.Weigand at de.ibm.com]
Sent: Tuesday, January 09, 2018 9:59 AM
To: Kaylor, Andrew <andrew.kaylor at intel.com>; kpn at neutralgood.org
Cc: Hal Finkel <hfinkel at anl.gov>; Richard Smith <richard at metafoo.co.uk>;
bob.huemmer at sas.com; bumblebritches57 at gmail.com; wei.ding2 at amd.com;
cfe-dev at lists.llvm.org; llvm-dev <llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org>
Subject: Re: [cfe-dev] Why is #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS not supported?

Andrew Kaylor wrote:

>In general, the current "strict FP" handling stops at instruction
>selection. At the MachineIR level we don't currently have a mechanism
>to prevent inappropriate optimizations based on floating point
>constraints, or indeed to convey such constraints to the backend.
>Implicit register use modeling may provide some restriction on some
>architectures, but this is definitely lacking for X86 targets. On the
>other hand, I'm not aware of any specific current problems, so in many
>cases we may "get lucky" and have the correct thing happen by chance.
>Obviously that's not a viable long term solution. I have a rough plan
>for adding improved register modeling to the X86 backend, which should
>take care of instruction scheduling issues, but we'd still need a
>mechanism to prevent constant folding optimizations and such.

Given that Kevin intends to target SystemZ, I'll be happy to work on the
SystemZ back-end support for this feature. I agree that we should be using
implicit control register dependencies, which will at least prevent moving
floating-point operations across instructions that e.g. change rounding
modes. However, the main property we need to model is that floating-point
operations may *trap*. I guess this can be done using UnmodeledSideEffects,
but I'm not quite clear on how to make this dependent on whether or not a
"strict" operation is requested (without duplicating all the instruction
patterns ...).

Once we do use something like UnmodeledSideEffects, I think MachineIR
passes should handle everything correctly; in the end, the requirements are
not really different from those of other trapping instructions. B.t.w. I
don't think anybody does constant folding on floating-point constants at
the MachineIR level anyway ... have you seen this anywhere?

Mit freundlichen Gruessen / Best Regards

Ulrich Weigand

--
Dr. Ulrich Weigand | Phone: +49-7031/16-3727
STSM, GNU/Linux compilers and toolchain
IBM Deutschland Research & Development GmbH
Vorsitzende des Aufsichtsrats: Martina Koederitz | Geschäftsführung: Dirk
Wittkopp
Sitz der Gesellschaft: Böblingen | Registergericht: Amtsgericht Stuttgart,
HRB 243294

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