[llvm-dev] RFC: Moving the module summary into the irsymtab

Mon May 1 19:52:38 PDT 2017

On Mon, May 1, 2017 at 12:45 PM, Peter Collingbourne <peter at pcc.me.uk>
wrote:

> On Mon, May 1, 2017 at 11:06 AM, Mehdi AMINI <joker.eph at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>>
>>
>> 2017-04-25 12:11 GMT-07:00 Peter Collingbourne <peter at pcc.me.uk>:
>>
>>> Hi all,
>>>
>>> I've been making a number of changes to the summary representation
>>> recently, and I wanted to lay out some of my plans so that folks are aware
>>> of my ultimate direction with this.
>>>
>>> Basically I want to move the summary into the irsymtab that we will be
>>> storing to disk after D32061 lands. This would help solve a number of
>>> problems:
>>> - To read a summary, you need to read all summaries in a module. For
>>> example, if a client only wants to read summaries for prevailing symbols,
>>> it still needs to read summaries for all symbols. We should be able to
>>> design an API that lets clients avoid reading summaries for known
>>> non-prevailing symbols.
>>>
>>
>> Why should we? Efficiency?
>>
> Where in the process would we benefit from that?
>>
>
> Efficiency, better dead code stripping (can more easily strip dependencies
> of non-prevailing symbols) and it would also help us address the
> correctness problem where we re-implement the linker's prevailing
> definition logic in the summary and sometimes get it wrong (for non-MachO
> at least).
>

I realised that there is a potential problem with adding only prevailing
definitions to the summary if we re-use non-prevailing definitions as
available_externally definitions in the backends. The problem is that if
the non-prevailing definition is less well optimised than the prevailing
definition, it may contain more global refs than the prevailing definition,
which would make it unsound to apply dead stripping based solely on the
refs in the prevailing definitions.

e.g. 1.cc:

void a() {}
inline void b() { a(); }
void c();
int main() {
  b();
  c();
}

2.cc:

void a();
inline void b() { a(); }
void c() {
  b();
}

Supposing that a is inlined into b in 1.cc and the definition of b in 1.cc
is prevailing, it would be unsound to remove a, because it may be used by
2.cc.

The solution I have in mind is to store the transitive closure of
references (stopping at interposable -- i.e. GlobalValue::isInterposable --
edges) in each global's ref list.

This naturally raises the question of whether it's still worth trying to
avoid adding non-prevailing symbols to the summary, i.e. we could
alternatively address the correctness problem of re-implementing prevailing
in the summary by adding a prevailing flag to GlobalValueSummary. I'll have
to think about it more.

I also want to try to simplify the summary so that each index entry can
> only map onto a single definition (by changing the key type from GUID to
> symbol name), but that's a separate discussion.
>
> Right now we may still cross-module import and inline a non-prevailing
>> symbols, if the prevailing symbol isn't IR defined.
>>
>
> We can handle this in the same way as we do for regular LTO: we can add
> non-prevailing ODR definitions to the index, and change their linkage to
> available_externally, and if we later see a prevailing definition, we can
> replace the non-prevailing definition with it.
>

FWIW, I think this would still work with the transitive closure solution.

> - Regular LTO modules do not have summaries. This means that dead
>>> stripping is less effective if the module contains both regular and thin
>>> LTO modules. (Although this is a somewhat orthogonal problem, since I am
>>> making a format change, I'd like to take care of it as part of the same
>>> change.)
>>>
>>
>> How do you want do deal with that?
>> Do you mind giving a quick example (LTO defines foo, used from bar in a
>> ThinLTO module, but bar is dead).
>>
>
> Sure. In your example, we would create summaries (and store them in the
> bitcode files) that look like this:
> ThinLTO: foo -> {bar}
> FullLTO: bar -> {}
>
> The FullLTO summaries would have a flag set to prevent importing (at least
> to start with).
>
> At LTO time those summaries would be loaded into a single summary index
> and we would run computeDeadSymbols over the index. In this case, bar would
> be added to the set of dead symbols because it is not reachable from a GC
> root. We would move the code that handles loading regular LTO modules to
> LTO::runRegularLTO. In that function we would check whether bar is dead.
> Because it is, we would not add it to the list passed to IRMover.
>
> Also I assume code size isn't an issue since -ffunction-sections always
>> allow to dead-strip post-LTO (even though we're losing compile time
>> efficiency and potentially a few optimisations).
>>
>
> It is an issue for CFI, because the CFI pass works by merging several
> vtable globals into a small number of larger globals, which would prevent
> post-LTO stripping of the unused vtables and virtual functions. Early dead
> code stripping would allow the unused vtable globals to be stripped before
> they are merged.
>
>
>>
>>>
>>> Basically, the summaries would be stored in an auxiliary structure like
>>> storage::Uncommon with a flag in the storage::Symbol indicating whether a
>>> given symbol has a summary.
>>>
>>> Currently we use the presence of a summary to indicate whether to
>>> compile a module with regular or thin LTO. This will need to change if we
>>> want to store summaries for regular LTO modules. To that end, I want to add
>>> a record to all bitcode modules to be compiled with thin LTO that marks
>>> them as such. This will be used in place of the presence of the summary.
>>> For backwards compatibility, the presence of a summary in bitcode format
>>> will be used to mark modules as needing to be compiled with thin LTO.
>>>
>>> Because the contents of the summaries, unlike the irsymtab, for the most
>>> part do not need to be accurate for correctness,
>>>
>>
>> I'm not sure what you mean about accuracy and correctness. The "for the
>> most part" part especially is raising the question that if there is a part
>> that needs to be accurate for correctness, that's enough to requires
>> accuracy for the summary period.
>>
>
> What I was trying to express was that a global's summary must, for
> correctness, contain a superset of the accurate information for the global.
> In that sense, the summary that I mention below, which contains a reference
> edge from each defined symbol to every other symbol in the symbol table,
> would lead to correct behaviour. When the module is loaded, it will contain
> fewer symbol references than what is indicated by the summary, but that can
> be seen as an "optimisation" performed by the bitcode reader.
>
> For example, suppose that we have this module:
>
> void g();
> void h();
> void f() {
>   g();
> }
>
> An equivalent implementation of f would be:
>
> void f() {
>   void (*p)() = g;
>   p();
>   if (0)
>     h();
> }
>
> and an accurate summary for f would contain ref edges from f to both g and
> h. When the first module is read, its definition of f will contain a call
> edge from f to g and no edge from f to h, but conceptually that can be seen
> as similar to dead code elimination and constant propagation being applied
> to the second module's f when it is read.
>
> I think we don't need as strict rules as we do for the rest of the
>>> irsymtab. I.e. we don't need to rebuild the summary entirely if the LLVM
>>> revision changes, as I am doing for the irsymtab in D32061. However, the
>>> summary must have a correct set of reference edges in order to implement
>>> dead stripping.
>>>
>>
>> Note that in the Apple ecosystem, we claim backward compatibility and
>> want ThinLTO static archive built with 4.0 to work seamlessly with 5.0,
>> 6.0, etc.
>>
>
> Sure, the design expressly allows for that. The result will not
> necessarily be optimal, but it will work.
>
> So the solution I have in mind is to pessimise dead stripping *for that
>>> module* if the LLVM revision is out of date. I.e. the upgraded summary
>>> would contain a reference edge from every defined symbol to every other
>>> symbol in the module. Because we had already regenerated the irsymtab as a
>>> result of the revision change, we will have an accurate symbol table for
>>> the module, so this seems sound to me.
>>>
>>
>>> All other parts of the summary would be preserved, as long as the
>>> summary format does not change. This means that the function size and
>>> hotness for example would be copied from the existing summary. To make this
>>> work, I would add a format version number field to the irsymtab header as
>>> part of D32061, and copy the remaining information from the existing
>>> summary as long as the version number is the same.
>>>
>>
>> The last two paragraphs aren't totally clear to me (on the why it is
>> needed and what is the practical impact).
>>
>
> I hope the above clarifies things.
>
> Thanks,
> --
> --
> Peter
>

-- 
-- 
Peter
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