[llvm-dev] Proposal: arbitrary relocations in constant global initializers

Fri Oct 7 12:20:22 PDT 2016

I've tried implementing some of the alternatives mentioned in this
thread, and so far I like this syntax the most:

i32 reloc (29, void ()* @f, 3925868544)
; 29 = 0x1d = R_ARM_JUMP24
; 3925868544 = 0xea000000

Note the zeroes in the relocated data instead of 0xfffffe in the
original proposal. This is aligned with the way LLVM emits relocations
in the backend, and avoids encoding the addend in a
relocation-specific way in the IR. Instead, the addend can be
specified in the second argument with the regular IR expressions, like
the following:

@w = internal global [3 x i32]
   [i32 reloc (29, void ()* @f, 3925868544),
    i32 reloc (29, [3 x i32]* @w, 3925868544),
    i32 reloc (29, i32* getelementptr (i32, i32* bitcast ([3 x i32]*
@w to i32*), i32 1), 3925868544)
], align 4

we also get relocations for elements 1 and 2 of @w optimized out for
free. If the "addend" (i.e. the third arg of reloc) was specified as
0xeafffffe, the backend would have had to decode this value first.

On the other hand, it is possible for a constant expression in the IR
to be lowered to something that is not a valid relocation target, and
it is hard to detect this problem at the IR level.

Also, separating the addend from the section data allows the backend
to choose between .rel and .rela representations.

On Wed, Aug 26, 2015 at 3:29 PM, Peter Collingbourne via llvm-dev
<llvm-dev at lists.llvm.org> wrote:
> On Wed, Aug 26, 2015 at 03:53:33PM -0400, Rafael Espíndola wrote:
>> > I'm not sure if this would be sufficient. The R_ARM_JUMP24 relocation
>> > on ARM has specific semantics to implement ARM/Thumb interworking; see
>> > http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0044e/IHI0044E_aaelf.pdf
>> > Note that R_ARM_CALL has the same operation but different semantics.
>> > I suppose that we could try looking at the addend to decide which relocation
>> > to use, but this would mean adding more complexity to the assembler (along
>> > with any pattern matching that would need to be done). It seems simpler,
>> > both conceptually and in the implementation, for the client to directly say
>> > what it wants in the object file.
>> >
>> > There's also the point that if @foo is defined outside the current linkage
>> > unit, or refers to a Thumb function, the above expression in a constant
>> > initializer would refer to the function's PLT entry or a shim, but in a
>> > function it would refer to the function's actual address, so the evaluation
>> > of this expression would depend on whether it was constant folded. (Although
>> > on the other hand we might just declare that by using such a constant in a
>> > global initializer that may be constant folded the client is asserting that
>> > it doesn't care which address is used.)
>>
>> I am pretty sure there is use for some target specific expressions, my
>> concerns are
>> * Using a target specific expression when it could be represented in a
>> target independent way (possibly a bit more verbose).
>
> Well I don't think there's a target independent way to write an R_ARM_JUMP24
> relocation, as there's no way to represent the PLT entry or interworking
> shim in IR.
>
>> * Using the raw relocation values, instead of something like
>> thumb_addr_delta. With this the semantics of each constant expression
>> are still documented in the language reference.
>
> I guess there are two ways we can go here:
>
> 1) expose the raw relocation values
> 2) introduce new specific ConstantExpr subtypes for the target-specific things we need
>
> In this case I think we should do one or the other, I don't really think it's
> worth adding a half measure of flexibility (e.g. providing a way to specify
> the addend of a R_ARM_JUMP24 when it will pretty much always be the same).
>
> I like option 1 because it's more general purpose and ultimately less of an
> impedance mismatch between what the client wants and what appears in the
> object file, and we can solve the documentation problem with reference to
> the object file format documentation, but it would require our documentation
> to depend on sometimes poorly documented object file formats.
>
> Option 2 could look something like this (produces the same bytes as "b
> some_label" in every object format when targeting ARM, or "b.w some_label"
> when targeting Thumb):
>
> i32 arm_b (void ()* @some_label)
>
> and that would be easy to document on its own. The downside is that it's
> pretty specific to my use case, but maybe that's ok.
>
> 2 seems like it would be less implementation work, and doesn't require any
> changes to the assembly format (and ultimately could be upgraded to 1 later
> if needed), so maybe it's best to start with that.
>
>> >> Why do you need to be able to avoid them showing up in function
>> >> bodies? It would be unusual but valid to pass the above value as an
>> >> argument to a function.
>> >
>> > This was part of the proposal mainly for the constant folding reasons mentioned
>> > above, but if we did go with a reloc expression we'd need to encode the
>> > original constant address in the reloc for PC-relative expressions, which
>> > wouldn't be necessary if we disallow it.
>>
>> Seems better to make it explicit IMHO.
>
> Okay, but if we do introduce a new constant kind, there doesn't seem to be
> much point in teaching the backend to lower it in a function, other than
> for completeness. If we can avoid having to do that, that seems preferable.
>
>> BTW, about the assembly change: Please check what the binutils guys
>> think of it. We do have extensions, but it is nice to at least let
>> them know so that we don't end up with two independent solutions in
>> the future.
>
> Yes if I ultimately go with 1.
>
> Thanks,
> --
> Peter
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