[llvm] Reland "[AssumptionCache] Limit the number of assumptions inspected per value" (PR #218438)

[via llvm-commits]

khaki3 wrote:

I think the regression is build noise. The erase_if only runs for a value already holding 1024 entries, which CTMark never reaches. Could you re-run the benchmark with 65db5ba672d4?

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/218438