[llvm] [llubi] Add support for exposed provenance (PR #200596)

[Yingwei Zheng via llvm-commits]

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dtcxzyw wrote:

See `%gep_oob = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %p, i64 %ptrdiff1` in `llvm/test/tools/llubi/inttoptr_gep.ll`.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/200596