[llvm] [Reassociate] Distribute multiply over add to enable factorization (PR #178201)

via llvm-commits llvm-commits at lists.llvm.org
Wed May 6 08:31:15 PDT 2026


https://github.com/hazarathayya updated https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/178201

>From dd763a23f606eb8c760a88bd013b704da68415e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hazarathayya <hazarathayyayallanki at gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2026 10:25:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] [Reassociate] Refine (X+Y)*C distribution with
 PatternMatch and profitability checks

This patch adds distribution of (A+B)*C -> A*C + B*C to enable further factorization.

Key changes:
- Adopted PatternMatch for cleaner matching of (A +/- B) * C.
- Added hasOneUse() and Add/Sub parent checks for profitability.
- Modified FactorOccurrences tie-breaker to prefer Variables over Constants, preventing factorization from undoing the distribution and causing an infinite loop.
- Queues the parent instruction in RedoInsts to ensure proper linearization order.
---
 llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp    |  86 +++++++++-
 .../Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll     | 154 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 237 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 llvm/test/Transforms/Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
index ea6c394740f22..989387d704923 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
@@ -963,6 +963,68 @@ static BinaryOperator *convertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(Instruction *Or) {
   return New;
 }
 
+/// Return true if Mul is of the form (X+Y)*C or (X-Y)*C where C is a
+/// constant, and there exists a sibling instruction of the form X*C' or Y*C'
+/// in the same expression — indicating that distribution followed by
+/// factoring will reduce the instruction count.
+static bool ShouldBreakUpDistribution(Instruction *Mul) {
+  Value *A, *B;
+  if (!match(Mul, m_c_Mul(m_OneUse(m_CombineOr(m_Add(m_Value(A), m_Value(B)),
+                                               m_Sub(m_Value(A), m_Value(B)))),
+                          m_ImmConstant())))
+    return false;
+
+  if (!Mul->hasOneUse())
+    return false;
+
+  auto *MulUser = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Mul->user_back());
+  // The parent MUST be an Add or Sub to ensure the tree is flattened
+  if (!MulUser || (MulUser->getOpcode() != Instruction::Add &&
+                   MulUser->getOpcode() != Instruction::Sub))
+    return false;
+
+  if (!MulUser)
+    return false;
+
+  for (Value *Sibling : MulUser->operands()) {
+    if (Sibling == Mul)
+      continue;
+
+    // Sibling must be NonConst * C'.
+    Value *SibNC;
+    if (match(Sibling, m_Mul(m_Value(SibNC), m_Constant()))) {
+      if ((SibNC == A || SibNC == B) && !isa<Constant>(SibNC))
+        return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/// Distribute Mul of the form (X+Y)*C into X*C + Y*C.
+/// For the sub case (X-Y)*C, the second term uses -C to avoid
+/// introducing a negation instruction.
+static BinaryOperator *BreakUpDistribute(Instruction *Mul,
+                                         ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo) {
+
+  Instruction *AddSub = cast<Instruction>(Mul->getOperand(0));
+  Constant *C = cast<Constant>(Mul->getOperand(1));
+  Constant *C2 = (AddSub->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub)
+                     ? cast<Constant>(ConstantExpr::getNeg(C))
+                     : C;
+
+  BinaryOperator *M1 =
+      CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(0), C, "Mul1", Mul->getIterator(), Mul);
+  BinaryOperator *M2 =
+      CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(1), C2, "Mul2", Mul->getIterator(), Mul);
+  BinaryOperator *Result;
+  Result = CreateAdd(M1, M2, "DistAdd", Mul->getIterator(), Mul);
+
+  Mul->replaceAllUsesWith(Result);
+  Result->setDebugLoc(Mul->getDebugLoc());
+
+  return Result;
+}
+
 /// Return true if we should break up this subtract of X-Y into (X + -Y).
 static bool ShouldBreakUpSubtract(Instruction *Sub) {
   // If this is a negation, we can't split it up!
@@ -1603,7 +1665,10 @@ Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
         continue;
 
       unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-      if (Occ > MaxOcc) {
+      if (Occ > MaxOcc ||
+          (Occ == MaxOcc &&
+           (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
+           isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal))) {
         MaxOcc = Occ;
         MaxOccVal = Factor;
       }
@@ -1617,7 +1682,10 @@ Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
           if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
             continue;
           unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-          if (Occ > MaxOcc) {
+          if (Occ > MaxOcc ||
+              (Occ == MaxOcc &&
+               (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
+               isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal))) {
             MaxOcc = Occ;
             MaxOccVal = Factor;
           }
@@ -1630,7 +1698,10 @@ Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
           if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
             continue;
           unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-          if (Occ > MaxOcc) {
+          if (Occ > MaxOcc ||
+              (Occ == MaxOcc &&
+               (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
+               isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal))) {
             MaxOcc = Occ;
             MaxOccVal = Factor;
           }
@@ -2197,6 +2268,15 @@ void ReassociatePass::OptimizeInst(Instruction *I) {
     I = NI;
   }
 
+  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul && ShouldBreakUpDistribution(I)) {
+    Instruction *MulUser = cast<Instruction>(I->user_back());
+    BreakUpDistribute(I, RedoInsts);
+    RedoInsts.insert(I);
+    RedoInsts.insert(MulUser);
+    MadeChange = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
   // If this is a subtract instruction which is not already in negate form,
   // see if we can convert it to X+-Y.
   if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub) {
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3ad8bc13e8364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_test_checks.py
+; RUN: opt -passes=reassociate -S %s | FileCheck %s
+
+; ---- SHOULD transform ----
+
+; Basic case: a*8697 - (a+b)*6436 → a*2261 + b*(-6436)
+define i32 @test_basic(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_basic(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL1_NEG:%.*]] = mul i32 [[B:%.*]], -6436
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i32 [[A:%.*]], 2261
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = add i32 [[REASS_MUL]], [[MUL1_NEG]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[SUB]]
+;
+  %mul  = mul nsw i32 %a, 8697
+  %add  = add nsw i32 %a, %b
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i32 %add, 6436
+  %sub  = sub nsw i32 %mul, %mul1
+  ret i32 %sub
+}
+
+; Constant on left side of mul: a*100 + 3*(a+b)
+define i32 @test_const_on_left(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_const_on_left(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL1:%.*]] = mul i32 [[B:%.*]], 7
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i32 [[A:%.*]], 107
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ADD2:%.*]] = add i32 [[MUL1]], [[REASS_MUL]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[ADD2]]
+;
+  %mul  = mul nsw i32 %a, 100
+  %add  = add nsw i32 %a, %b
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i32 7, %add
+  %add2 = add nsw i32 %mul, %mul1
+  ret i32 %add2
+}
+
+; Sub instead of add inside: a*500 - (a-b)*300
+define i32 @test_with_sub(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_with_sub(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL2_NEG_NEG:%.*]] = mul i32 [[B:%.*]], 300
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i32 [[A:%.*]], 200
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = add i32 [[REASS_MUL]], [[MUL2_NEG_NEG]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[SUB]]
+;
+  %mul  = mul nsw i32 %a, 500
+  %sub1 = sub nsw i32 %a, %b
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i32 %sub1, 300
+  %sub  = sub nsw i32 %mul, %mul1
+  ret i32 %sub
+}
+
+; b operand matches: b*11 + (a+b)*4
+define i32 @test_b_matches(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_b_matches(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL2:%.*]] = mul i32 [[A:%.*]], 4
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i32 [[B:%.*]], 15
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ADD2:%.*]] = add i32 [[REASS_MUL]], [[MUL2]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[ADD2]]
+;
+  %mul  = mul nsw i32 %b, 11
+  %add  = add nsw i32 %a, %b
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i32 %add, 4
+  %add2 = add nsw i32 %mul, %mul1
+  ret i32 %add2
+}
+
+; i16 type: x*10 + (x+y)*20
+define i16 @test_i16(i16 %x, i16 %y) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_i16(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL1:%.*]] = mul i16 [[Y:%.*]], 20
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i16 [[X:%.*]], 30
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ADD2:%.*]] = add i16 [[MUL1]], [[REASS_MUL]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i16 [[ADD2]]
+;
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i16 %x, 10
+  %add  = add nsw i16 %x, %y
+  %mul2 = mul nsw i16 %add, 20
+  %add2 = add i16 %mul1, %mul2
+  ret i16 %add2
+}
+
+; NSW/NUW must be dropped on new instructions after distribution
+; (x+y) *nsw 20 does NOT imply (x *nsw 20) + (y *nsw 20)
+define i16 @test_nsw_dropped(i16 %x, i16 %y) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_nsw_dropped(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL1:%.*]] = mul i16 [[Y:%.*]], 25
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i16 [[X:%.*]], 40
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ADD2:%.*]] = add i16 [[MUL1]], [[REASS_MUL]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i16 [[ADD2]]
+;
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i16 %x, 15
+  %add  = add nsw i16 %x, %y
+  %mul2 = mul nsw i16 %add, 25
+  %add2 = add i16 %mul1, %mul2
+  ret i16 %add2
+}
+
+; ---- Should NOT transform ----
+
+; No sibling constant mul — nothing to combine with
+define i32 @test_no_match(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_no_match(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ADD:%.*]] = add nsw i32 [[B:%.*]], [[A:%.*]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL:%.*]] = mul nsw i32 [[ADD]], 999
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[MUL]]
+; CHECK-NOT:     Mul1
+; CHECK-NOT:     Mul2
+; CHECK-NOT:     DistAdd
+; CHECK-NOT:     DistSub
+;
+  %add = add nsw i32 %a, %b
+  %mul = mul nsw i32 %add, 999
+  ret i32 %mul
+}
+
+; AddSub has multiple uses — oneUse required for distribution
+define i32 @test_multi_use_add(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_multi_use_add(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL1:%.*]] = mul i32 [[B:%.*]], -442
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i32 [[A:%.*]], 335
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[RET:%.*]] = add i32 [[REASS_MUL]], [[MUL1]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[RET]]
+; CHECK-NOT:     Mul1
+; CHECK-NOT:     Mul2
+; CHECK-NOT:     DistAdd
+; CHECK-NOT:     DistSub
+;
+  %mul  = mul nsw i32 %a, 777
+  %add  = add nsw i32 %a, %b
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i32 %add, 444
+  %mul2 = mul nsw i32 %add, 2
+  %sub  = sub nsw i32 %mul, %mul1
+  %ret  = add nsw i32 %sub, %mul2
+  ret i32 %ret
+}
+
+; Sibling mul has no constant operand — should not trigger
+define i32 @test_no_const_on_other_mul(i32 %a, i32 %b, i32 %c) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_no_const_on_other_mul(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL:%.*]] = mul nsw i32 [[C:%.*]], [[A:%.*]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ADD:%.*]] = add nsw i32 [[B:%.*]], [[A]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL1:%.*]] = mul nsw i32 [[ADD]], 555
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = sub nsw i32 [[MUL]], [[MUL1]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[SUB]]
+; CHECK-NOT:     Mul1
+; CHECK-NOT:     Mul2
+; CHECK-NOT:     DistAdd
+; CHECK-NOT:     DistSub
+;
+  %mul  = mul nsw i32 %a, %c
+  %add  = add nsw i32 %a, %b
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i32 %add, 555
+  %sub  = sub nsw i32 %mul, %mul1
+  ret i32 %sub
+}

>From 4ef404f710946e613b93bca2ebe241a78f51e113 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hazarathayya <hazarathayyayallanki at gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2026 02:22:02 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] added sibling oneuse check, updated createmul, createadd
 to remove check there itself, added to redo the new instructions

---
 llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp    | 15 ++++++-----
 .../Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll     | 27 ++++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
index 989387d704923..9f13bd41082fa 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
@@ -983,11 +983,8 @@ static bool ShouldBreakUpDistribution(Instruction *Mul) {
                    MulUser->getOpcode() != Instruction::Sub))
     return false;
 
-  if (!MulUser)
-    return false;
-
   for (Value *Sibling : MulUser->operands()) {
-    if (Sibling == Mul)
+    if (Sibling == Mul || !Sibling->hasOneUse())
       continue;
 
     // Sibling must be NonConst * C'.
@@ -1013,15 +1010,19 @@ static BinaryOperator *BreakUpDistribute(Instruction *Mul,
                      : C;
 
   BinaryOperator *M1 =
-      CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(0), C, "Mul1", Mul->getIterator(), Mul);
+      CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(0), C, "Mul1", Mul->getIterator(), nullptr);
   BinaryOperator *M2 =
-      CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(1), C2, "Mul2", Mul->getIterator(), Mul);
+      CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(1), C2, "Mul2", Mul->getIterator(), nullptr);
   BinaryOperator *Result;
-  Result = CreateAdd(M1, M2, "DistAdd", Mul->getIterator(), Mul);
+  Result = CreateAdd(M1, M2, "DistAdd", Mul->getIterator(), nullptr);
 
   Mul->replaceAllUsesWith(Result);
   Result->setDebugLoc(Mul->getDebugLoc());
 
+  ToRedo.insert(M1);
+  ToRedo.insert(M2);
+  ToRedo.insert(Result);
+
   return Result;
 }
 
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll
index 3ad8bc13e8364..b2057d168796c 100644
--- a/llvm/test/Transforms/Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/Reassociate/reassociate-distribute.ll
@@ -94,6 +94,21 @@ define i16 @test_nsw_dropped(i16 %x, i16 %y) {
   ret i16 %add2
 }
 
+define i16 @test_surviving_poison(i16 %x, i16 %y) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test_surviving_poison(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL1:%.*]] = mul i16 [[Y:%.*]], 20
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i16 [[X:%.*]], 30
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ADD2:%.*]] = add i16 [[MUL1]], [[REASS_MUL]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i16 [[ADD2]]
+;
+  %add = add nsw i16 %x, %y
+  %mul1 = mul nsw i16 %x, 10
+  ; This mul has 'nsw'. We distribute it to x*20 and y*20.
+  %mul2 = mul nsw i16 %add, 20
+  %add2 = add i16 %mul1, %mul2
+  ret i16 %add2
+}
+
 ; ---- Should NOT transform ----
 
 ; No sibling constant mul — nothing to combine with
@@ -102,10 +117,6 @@ define i32 @test_no_match(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ADD:%.*]] = add nsw i32 [[B:%.*]], [[A:%.*]]
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL:%.*]] = mul nsw i32 [[ADD]], 999
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[MUL]]
-; CHECK-NOT:     Mul1
-; CHECK-NOT:     Mul2
-; CHECK-NOT:     DistAdd
-; CHECK-NOT:     DistSub
 ;
   %add = add nsw i32 %a, %b
   %mul = mul nsw i32 %add, 999
@@ -119,10 +130,6 @@ define i32 @test_multi_use_add(i32 %a, i32 %b) {
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[REASS_MUL:%.*]] = mul i32 [[A:%.*]], 335
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[RET:%.*]] = add i32 [[REASS_MUL]], [[MUL1]]
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[RET]]
-; CHECK-NOT:     Mul1
-; CHECK-NOT:     Mul2
-; CHECK-NOT:     DistAdd
-; CHECK-NOT:     DistSub
 ;
   %mul  = mul nsw i32 %a, 777
   %add  = add nsw i32 %a, %b
@@ -141,10 +148,6 @@ define i32 @test_no_const_on_other_mul(i32 %a, i32 %b, i32 %c) {
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[MUL1:%.*]] = mul nsw i32 [[ADD]], 555
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = sub nsw i32 [[MUL]], [[MUL1]]
 ; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[SUB]]
-; CHECK-NOT:     Mul1
-; CHECK-NOT:     Mul2
-; CHECK-NOT:     DistAdd
-; CHECK-NOT:     DistSub
 ;
   %mul  = mul nsw i32 %a, %c
   %add  = add nsw i32 %a, %b

>From 5ce52320966b94485ca38d3d533ed851b74489f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hazarathayya <hazarathayyayallanki at gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 6 May 2026 07:44:52 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] added lambda helpers, used binary operator's creatmul and
  createadd

---
 llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp | 35 +++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
index 9f13bd41082fa..c881811922519 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
@@ -974,9 +974,6 @@ static bool ShouldBreakUpDistribution(Instruction *Mul) {
                           m_ImmConstant())))
     return false;
 
-  if (!Mul->hasOneUse())
-    return false;
-
   auto *MulUser = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Mul->user_back());
   // The parent MUST be an Add or Sub to ensure the tree is flattened
   if (!MulUser || (MulUser->getOpcode() != Instruction::Add &&
@@ -1010,11 +1007,11 @@ static BinaryOperator *BreakUpDistribute(Instruction *Mul,
                      : C;
 
   BinaryOperator *M1 =
-      CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(0), C, "Mul1", Mul->getIterator(), nullptr);
+      BinaryOperator::CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(0), C, "Mul1", Mul->getIterator());
   BinaryOperator *M2 =
-      CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(1), C2, "Mul2", Mul->getIterator(), nullptr);
+      BinaryOperator::CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(1), C2, "Mul2", Mul->getIterator());
   BinaryOperator *Result;
-  Result = CreateAdd(M1, M2, "DistAdd", Mul->getIterator(), nullptr);
+  Result = BinaryOperator::CreateAdd(M1, M2, "DistAdd", Mul->getIterator());
 
   Mul->replaceAllUsesWith(Result);
   Result->setDebugLoc(Mul->getDebugLoc());
@@ -1648,6 +1645,17 @@ Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
   // where they are actually the same multiply.
   unsigned MaxOcc = 0;
   Value *MaxOccVal = nullptr;
+
+  // Prefer a non-constant factor over a constant when occurrence counts
+  // tie. Factoring out a variable (e.g., X from X*C1 + X*C2) exposes
+  // downstream constant folding; factoring out a constant does not.
+  auto IsBetterFactor = [](Value *Factor, Value *MaxOccVal, unsigned Occ,
+                           unsigned MaxOcc) {
+    return Occ > MaxOcc ||
+           (Occ == MaxOcc &&
+            (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
+            isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal));
+  };
   for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops) {
     BinaryOperator *BOp =
         isReassociableOp(Op.Op, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
@@ -1666,10 +1674,7 @@ Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
         continue;
 
       unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-      if (Occ > MaxOcc ||
-          (Occ == MaxOcc &&
-           (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
-           isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal))) {
+      if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
         MaxOcc = Occ;
         MaxOccVal = Factor;
       }
@@ -1683,10 +1688,7 @@ Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
           if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
             continue;
           unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-          if (Occ > MaxOcc ||
-              (Occ == MaxOcc &&
-               (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
-               isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal))) {
+          if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
             MaxOcc = Occ;
             MaxOccVal = Factor;
           }
@@ -1699,10 +1701,7 @@ Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
           if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
             continue;
           unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-          if (Occ > MaxOcc ||
-              (Occ == MaxOcc &&
-               (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
-               isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal))) {
+          if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
             MaxOcc = Occ;
             MaxOccVal = Factor;
           }

>From 9be43d151a805ab8383fb310d9a9b8bdc8837395 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hazarath <92698778+hazarathayya at users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 May 2026 20:41:28 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Yingwei Zheng <dtcxzyw at qq.com>
---
 llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp | 9 ++++-----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
index c881811922519..e23d1f73c06b5 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
@@ -986,10 +986,9 @@ static bool ShouldBreakUpDistribution(Instruction *Mul) {
 
     // Sibling must be NonConst * C'.
     Value *SibNC;
-    if (match(Sibling, m_Mul(m_Value(SibNC), m_Constant()))) {
-      if ((SibNC == A || SibNC == B) && !isa<Constant>(SibNC))
-        return true;
-    }
+    if (match(Sibling, m_Mul(m_Value(SibNC), m_Constant())) && (SibNC == A || SibNC == B) && !isa<Constant>(SibNC))
+        return true;
+    
   }
   return false;
 }
@@ -1002,7 +1001,7 @@ static BinaryOperator *BreakUpDistribute(Instruction *Mul,
 
   Instruction *AddSub = cast<Instruction>(Mul->getOperand(0));
   Constant *C = cast<Constant>(Mul->getOperand(1));
-  Constant *C2 = (AddSub->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub)
+  Constant *C2 = AddSub->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub
                      ? cast<Constant>(ConstantExpr::getNeg(C))
                      : C;
 

>From c882cc9ce6a024e81b08f8c9a1ec4c52f4739946 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hazarath <92698778+hazarathayya at users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 May 2026 21:01:02 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Fix formatting and alignment in Reassociate.cpp

---
 llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp | 5480 ++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 2740 insertions(+), 2740 deletions(-)

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
index e23d1f73c06b5..47d4f85ed5fbc 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp
@@ -1,2742 +1,2742 @@
-//===- Reassociate.cpp - Reassociate binary expressions -------------------===//
-//
-// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
-// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-//
-// This pass reassociates commutative expressions in an order that is designed
-// to promote better constant propagation, GCSE, LICM, PRE, etc.
-//
-// For example: 4 + (x + 5) -> x + (4 + 5)
-//
-// In the implementation of this algorithm, constants are assigned rank = 0,
-// function arguments are rank = 1, and other values are assigned ranks
-// corresponding to the reverse post order traversal of current function
-// (starting at 2), which effectively gives values in deep loops higher rank
-// than values not in loops.
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-
-#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/APFloat.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/APInt.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/PostOrderIterator.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
-#include "llvm/Analysis/BasicAliasAnalysis.h"
-#include "llvm/Analysis/ConstantFolding.h"
-#include "llvm/Analysis/GlobalsModRef.h"
-#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Argument.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Constant.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Operator.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/PatternMatch.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/User.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
-#include "llvm/IR/ValueHandle.h"
-#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
-#include "llvm/Pass.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
-#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
-#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
-#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cassert>
-#include <utility>
-
-using namespace llvm;
-using namespace reassociate;
-using namespace PatternMatch;
-
-#define DEBUG_TYPE "reassociate"
-
-STATISTIC(NumChanged, "Number of insts reassociated");
-STATISTIC(NumAnnihil, "Number of expr tree annihilated");
-STATISTIC(NumFactor , "Number of multiplies factored");
-
-static cl::opt<bool>
-    UseCSELocalOpt(DEBUG_TYPE "-use-cse-local",
-                   cl::desc("Only reorder expressions within a basic block "
-                            "when exposing CSE opportunities"),
-                   cl::init(true), cl::Hidden);
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-/// Print out the expression identified in the Ops list.
-static void PrintOps(Instruction *I, const SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
-  Module *M = I->getModule();
-  dbgs() << Instruction::getOpcodeName(I->getOpcode()) << " "
-       << *Ops[0].Op->getType() << '\t';
-  for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops) {
-    dbgs() << "[ ";
-    Op.Op->printAsOperand(dbgs(), false, M);
-    dbgs() << ", #" << Op.Rank << "] ";
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-/// Utility class representing a non-constant Xor-operand. We classify
-/// non-constant Xor-Operands into two categories:
-///  C1) The operand is in the form "X & C", where C is a constant and C != ~0
-///  C2)
-///    C2.1) The operand is in the form of "X | C", where C is a non-zero
-///          constant.
-///    C2.2) Any operand E which doesn't fall into C1 and C2.1, we view this
-///          operand as "E | 0"
-class llvm::reassociate::XorOpnd {
-public:
-  XorOpnd(Value *V);
-
-  bool isInvalid() const { return SymbolicPart == nullptr; }
-  bool isOrExpr() const { return isOr; }
-  Value *getValue() const { return OrigVal; }
-  Value *getSymbolicPart() const { return SymbolicPart; }
-  unsigned getSymbolicRank() const { return SymbolicRank; }
-  const APInt &getConstPart() const { return ConstPart; }
-
-  void Invalidate() { SymbolicPart = OrigVal = nullptr; }
-  void setSymbolicRank(unsigned R) { SymbolicRank = R; }
-
-private:
-  Value *OrigVal;
-  Value *SymbolicPart;
-  APInt ConstPart;
-  unsigned SymbolicRank;
-  bool isOr;
-};
-
-XorOpnd::XorOpnd(Value *V) {
-  assert(!isa<ConstantInt>(V) && "No ConstantInt");
-  OrigVal = V;
-  Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V);
-  SymbolicRank = 0;
-
-  if (I && (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or ||
-            I->getOpcode() == Instruction::And)) {
-    Value *V0 = I->getOperand(0);
-    Value *V1 = I->getOperand(1);
-    const APInt *C;
-    if (match(V0, m_APInt(C)))
-      std::swap(V0, V1);
-
-    if (match(V1, m_APInt(C))) {
-      ConstPart = *C;
-      SymbolicPart = V0;
-      isOr = (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // view the operand as "V | 0"
-  SymbolicPart = V;
-  ConstPart = APInt::getZero(V->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits());
-  isOr = true;
-}
-
-/// Return true if I is an instruction with the FastMathFlags that are needed
-/// for general reassociation set.  This is not the same as testing
-/// Instruction::isAssociative() because it includes operations like fsub.
-/// (This routine is only intended to be called for floating-point operations.)
-static bool hasFPAssociativeFlags(Instruction *I) {
-  assert(I && isa<FPMathOperator>(I) && "Should only check FP ops");
-  return I->hasAllowReassoc() && I->hasNoSignedZeros();
-}
-
-/// Return true if V is an instruction of the specified opcode and if it
-/// only has one use.
-static BinaryOperator *isReassociableOp(Value *V, unsigned Opcode) {
-  auto *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(V);
-  if (BO && BO->hasOneUse() && BO->getOpcode() == Opcode)
-    if (!isa<FPMathOperator>(BO) || hasFPAssociativeFlags(BO))
-      return BO;
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-static BinaryOperator *isReassociableOp(Value *V, unsigned Opcode1,
-                                        unsigned Opcode2) {
-  auto *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(V);
-  if (BO && BO->hasOneUse() &&
-      (BO->getOpcode() == Opcode1 || BO->getOpcode() == Opcode2))
-    if (!isa<FPMathOperator>(BO) || hasFPAssociativeFlags(BO))
-      return BO;
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-void ReassociatePass::BuildRankMap(Function &F,
-                                   ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function*> &RPOT) {
-  unsigned Rank = 2;
-
-  // Assign distinct ranks to function arguments.
-  for (auto &Arg : F.args()) {
-    ValueRankMap[&Arg] = ++Rank;
-    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Calculated Rank[" << Arg.getName() << "] = " << Rank
-                      << "\n");
-  }
-
-  // Traverse basic blocks in ReversePostOrder.
-  for (BasicBlock *BB : RPOT) {
-    unsigned BBRank = RankMap[BB] = ++Rank << 16;
-
-    // Walk the basic block, adding precomputed ranks for any instructions that
-    // we cannot move.  This ensures that the ranks for these instructions are
-    // all different in the block.
-    for (Instruction &I : *BB)
-      if (mayHaveNonDefUseDependency(I))
-        ValueRankMap[&I] = ++BBRank;
-  }
-}
-
-unsigned ReassociatePass::getRank(Value *V) {
-  Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V);
-  if (!I) {
-    if (isa<Argument>(V)) return ValueRankMap[V];   // Function argument.
-    return 0;  // Otherwise it's a global or constant, rank 0.
-  }
-
-  if (unsigned Rank = ValueRankMap[I])
-    return Rank;    // Rank already known?
-
-  // If this is an expression, return the 1+MAX(rank(LHS), rank(RHS)) so that
-  // we can reassociate expressions for code motion!  Since we do not recurse
-  // for PHI nodes, we cannot have infinite recursion here, because there
-  // cannot be loops in the value graph that do not go through PHI nodes.
-  unsigned Rank = 0, MaxRank = RankMap[I->getParent()];
-  for (unsigned i = 0, e = I->getNumOperands(); i != e && Rank != MaxRank; ++i)
-    Rank = std::max(Rank, getRank(I->getOperand(i)));
-
-  // If this is a 'not' or 'neg' instruction, do not count it for rank. This
-  // assures us that X and ~X will have the same rank.
-  if (!match(I, m_Not(m_Value())) && !match(I, m_Neg(m_Value())) &&
-      !match(I, m_FNeg(m_Value())))
-    ++Rank;
-
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Calculated Rank[" << V->getName() << "] = " << Rank
-                    << "\n");
-
-  return ValueRankMap[I] = Rank;
-}
-
-// Canonicalize constants to RHS.  Otherwise, sort the operands by rank.
-void ReassociatePass::canonicalizeOperands(Instruction *I) {
-  assert(isa<BinaryOperator>(I) && "Expected binary operator.");
-  assert(I->isCommutative() && "Expected commutative operator.");
-
-  Value *LHS = I->getOperand(0);
-  Value *RHS = I->getOperand(1);
-  if (LHS == RHS || isa<Constant>(RHS))
-    return;
-  if (isa<Constant>(LHS) || getRank(RHS) < getRank(LHS)) {
-    cast<BinaryOperator>(I)->swapOperands();
-    MadeChange = true;
-  }
-}
-
-static BinaryOperator *CreateAdd(Value *S1, Value *S2, const Twine &Name,
-                                 BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore,
-                                 Value *FlagsOp) {
-  if (S1->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
-    return BinaryOperator::CreateAdd(S1, S2, Name, InsertBefore);
-  else {
-    BinaryOperator *Res =
-        BinaryOperator::CreateFAdd(S1, S2, Name, InsertBefore);
-    Res->setFastMathFlags(cast<FPMathOperator>(FlagsOp)->getFastMathFlags());
-    return Res;
-  }
-}
-
-static BinaryOperator *CreateMul(Value *S1, Value *S2, const Twine &Name,
-                                 BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore,
-                                 Value *FlagsOp) {
-  if (S1->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
-    return BinaryOperator::CreateMul(S1, S2, Name, InsertBefore);
-  else {
-    BinaryOperator *Res =
-      BinaryOperator::CreateFMul(S1, S2, Name, InsertBefore);
-    Res->setFastMathFlags(cast<FPMathOperator>(FlagsOp)->getFastMathFlags());
-    return Res;
-  }
-}
-
-static Instruction *CreateNeg(Value *S1, const Twine &Name,
-                              BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore,
-                              Value *FlagsOp) {
-  if (S1->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
-    return BinaryOperator::CreateNeg(S1, Name, InsertBefore);
-
-  if (auto *FMFSource = dyn_cast<Instruction>(FlagsOp))
-    return UnaryOperator::CreateFNegFMF(S1, FMFSource, Name, InsertBefore);
-
-  return UnaryOperator::CreateFNeg(S1, Name, InsertBefore);
-}
-
-/// Replace 0-X with X*-1.
-static BinaryOperator *LowerNegateToMultiply(Instruction *Neg) {
-  assert((isa<UnaryOperator>(Neg) || isa<BinaryOperator>(Neg)) &&
-         "Expected a Negate!");
-  // FIXME: It's not safe to lower a unary FNeg into a FMul by -1.0.
-  unsigned OpNo = isa<BinaryOperator>(Neg) ? 1 : 0;
-  Type *Ty = Neg->getType();
-  Constant *NegOne = Ty->isIntOrIntVectorTy() ?
-    ConstantInt::getAllOnesValue(Ty) : ConstantFP::get(Ty, -1.0);
-
-  BinaryOperator *Res =
-      CreateMul(Neg->getOperand(OpNo), NegOne, "", Neg->getIterator(), Neg);
-  Neg->setOperand(OpNo, Constant::getNullValue(Ty)); // Drop use of op.
-  Res->takeName(Neg);
-  Neg->replaceAllUsesWith(Res);
-  Res->setDebugLoc(Neg->getDebugLoc());
-  return Res;
-}
-
-using RepeatedValue = std::pair<Value *, uint64_t>;
-
-/// Given an associative binary expression, return the leaf
-/// nodes in Ops along with their weights (how many times the leaf occurs).  The
-/// original expression is the same as
-///   (Ops[0].first op Ops[0].first op ... Ops[0].first)  <- Ops[0].second times
-/// op
-///   (Ops[1].first op Ops[1].first op ... Ops[1].first)  <- Ops[1].second times
-/// op
-///   ...
-/// op
-///   (Ops[N].first op Ops[N].first op ... Ops[N].first)  <- Ops[N].second times
-///
-/// Note that the values Ops[0].first, ..., Ops[N].first are all distinct.
-///
-/// This routine may modify the function, in which case it returns 'true'.  The
-/// changes it makes may well be destructive, changing the value computed by 'I'
-/// to something completely different.  Thus if the routine returns 'true' then
-/// you MUST either replace I with a new expression computed from the Ops array,
-/// or use RewriteExprTree to put the values back in.
-///
-/// A leaf node is either not a binary operation of the same kind as the root
-/// node 'I' (i.e. is not a binary operator at all, or is, but with a different
-/// opcode), or is the same kind of binary operator but has a use which either
-/// does not belong to the expression, or does belong to the expression but is
-/// a leaf node.  Every leaf node has at least one use that is a non-leaf node
-/// of the expression, while for non-leaf nodes (except for the root 'I') every
-/// use is a non-leaf node of the expression.
-///
-/// For example:
-///           expression graph        node names
-///
-///                     +        |        I
-///                    / \       |
-///                   +   +      |      A,  B
-///                  / \ / \     |
-///                 *   +   *    |    C,  D,  E
-///                / \ / \ / \   |
-///                   +   *      |      F,  G
-///
-/// The leaf nodes are C, E, F and G.  The Ops array will contain (maybe not in
-/// that order) (C, 1), (E, 1), (F, 2), (G, 2).
-///
-/// The expression is maximal: if some instruction is a binary operator of the
-/// same kind as 'I', and all of its uses are non-leaf nodes of the expression,
-/// then the instruction also belongs to the expression, is not a leaf node of
-/// it, and its operands also belong to the expression (but may be leaf nodes).
-///
-/// NOTE: This routine will set operands of non-leaf non-root nodes to undef in
-/// order to ensure that every non-root node in the expression has *exactly one*
-/// use by a non-leaf node of the expression.  This destruction means that the
-/// caller MUST either replace 'I' with a new expression or use something like
-/// RewriteExprTree to put the values back in if the routine indicates that it
-/// made a change by returning 'true'.
-///
-/// In the above example either the right operand of A or the left operand of B
-/// will be replaced by undef.  If it is B's operand then this gives:
-///
-///                     +        |        I
-///                    / \       |
-///                   +   +      |      A,  B - operand of B replaced with undef
-///                  / \   \     |
-///                 *   +   *    |    C,  D,  E
-///                / \ / \ / \   |
-///                   +   *      |      F,  G
-///
-/// Note that such undef operands can only be reached by passing through 'I'.
-/// For example, if you visit operands recursively starting from a leaf node
-/// then you will never see such an undef operand unless you get back to 'I',
-/// which requires passing through a phi node.
-///
-/// Note that this routine may also mutate binary operators of the wrong type
-/// that have all uses inside the expression (i.e. only used by non-leaf nodes
-/// of the expression) if it can turn them into binary operators of the right
-/// type and thus make the expression bigger.
-static bool LinearizeExprTree(Instruction *I,
-                              SmallVectorImpl<RepeatedValue> &Ops,
-                              ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo,
-                              OverflowTracking &Flags) {
-  assert((isa<UnaryOperator>(I) || isa<BinaryOperator>(I)) &&
-         "Expected a UnaryOperator or BinaryOperator!");
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "LINEARIZE: " << *I << '\n');
-  unsigned Opcode = I->getOpcode();
-  assert(I->isAssociative() && I->isCommutative() &&
-         "Expected an associative and commutative operation!");
-
-  // Visit all operands of the expression, keeping track of their weight (the
-  // number of paths from the expression root to the operand, or if you like
-  // the number of times that operand occurs in the linearized expression).
-  // For example, if I = X + A, where X = A + B, then I, X and B have weight 1
-  // while A has weight two.
-
-  // Worklist of non-leaf nodes (their operands are in the expression too) along
-  // with their weights, representing a certain number of paths to the operator.
-  // If an operator occurs in the worklist multiple times then we found multiple
-  // ways to get to it.
-  SmallVector<std::pair<Instruction *, uint64_t>, 8> Worklist; // (Op, Weight)
-  Worklist.push_back(std::make_pair(I, 1));
-  bool Changed = false;
-
-  // Leaves of the expression are values that either aren't the right kind of
-  // operation (eg: a constant, or a multiply in an add tree), or are, but have
-  // some uses that are not inside the expression.  For example, in I = X + X,
-  // X = A + B, the value X has two uses (by I) that are in the expression.  If
-  // X has any other uses, for example in a return instruction, then we consider
-  // X to be a leaf, and won't analyze it further.  When we first visit a value,
-  // if it has more than one use then at first we conservatively consider it to
-  // be a leaf.  Later, as the expression is explored, we may discover some more
-  // uses of the value from inside the expression.  If all uses turn out to be
-  // from within the expression (and the value is a binary operator of the right
-  // kind) then the value is no longer considered to be a leaf, and its operands
-  // are explored.
-
-  // Leaves - Keeps track of the set of putative leaves as well as the number of
-  // paths to each leaf seen so far.
-  using LeafMap = DenseMap<Value *, uint64_t>;
-  LeafMap Leaves; // Leaf -> Total weight so far.
-  SmallVector<Value *, 8> LeafOrder; // Ensure deterministic leaf output order.
-  const DataLayout &DL = I->getDataLayout();
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  SmallPtrSet<Value *, 8> Visited; // For checking the iteration scheme.
-#endif
-  while (!Worklist.empty()) {
-    // We examine the operands of this binary operator.
-    auto [I, Weight] = Worklist.pop_back_val();
-
-    Flags.mergeFlags(*I);
-
-    for (unsigned OpIdx = 0; OpIdx < I->getNumOperands(); ++OpIdx) { // Visit operands.
-      Value *Op = I->getOperand(OpIdx);
-      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "OPERAND: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ")\n");
-      assert((!Op->hasUseList() || !Op->use_empty()) &&
-             "No uses, so how did we get to it?!");
-
-      // If this is a binary operation of the right kind with only one use then
-      // add its operands to the expression.
-      if (BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(Op, Opcode)) {
-        assert(Visited.insert(Op).second && "Not first visit!");
-        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "DIRECT ADD: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ")\n");
-        Worklist.push_back(std::make_pair(BO, Weight));
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      // Appears to be a leaf.  Is the operand already in the set of leaves?
-      LeafMap::iterator It = Leaves.find(Op);
-      if (It == Leaves.end()) {
-        // Not in the leaf map.  Must be the first time we saw this operand.
-        assert(Visited.insert(Op).second && "Not first visit!");
-        if (!Op->hasOneUse()) {
-          // This value has uses not accounted for by the expression, so it is
-          // not safe to modify.  Mark it as being a leaf.
-          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()
-                     << "ADD USES LEAF: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ")\n");
-          LeafOrder.push_back(Op);
-          Leaves[Op] = Weight;
-          continue;
-        }
-        // No uses outside the expression, try morphing it.
-      } else {
-        // Already in the leaf map.
-        assert(It != Leaves.end() && Visited.count(Op) &&
-               "In leaf map but not visited!");
-
-        // Update the number of paths to the leaf.
-        It->second += Weight;
-        assert(It->second >= Weight && "Weight overflows");
-
-        // If we still have uses that are not accounted for by the expression
-        // then it is not safe to modify the value.
-        if (!Op->hasOneUse())
-          continue;
-
-        // No uses outside the expression, try morphing it.
-        Weight = It->second;
-        Leaves.erase(It); // Since the value may be morphed below.
-      }
-
-      // At this point we have a value which, first of all, is not a binary
-      // expression of the right kind, and secondly, is only used inside the
-      // expression.  This means that it can safely be modified.  See if we
-      // can usefully morph it into an expression of the right kind.
-      assert((!isa<Instruction>(Op) ||
-              cast<Instruction>(Op)->getOpcode() != Opcode
-              || (isa<FPMathOperator>(Op) &&
-                  !hasFPAssociativeFlags(cast<Instruction>(Op)))) &&
-             "Should have been handled above!");
-      assert(Op->hasOneUse() && "Has uses outside the expression tree!");
-
-      // If this is a multiply expression, turn any internal negations into
-      // multiplies by -1 so they can be reassociated.  Add any users of the
-      // newly created multiplication by -1 to the redo list, so any
-      // reassociation opportunities that are exposed will be reassociated
-      // further.
-      Instruction *Neg;
-      if (((Opcode == Instruction::Mul && match(Op, m_Neg(m_Value()))) ||
-           (Opcode == Instruction::FMul && match(Op, m_FNeg(m_Value())))) &&
-           match(Op, m_Instruction(Neg))) {
-        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()
-                   << "MORPH LEAF: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ") TO ");
-        Instruction *Mul = LowerNegateToMultiply(Neg);
-        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << *Mul << '\n');
-        Worklist.push_back(std::make_pair(Mul, Weight));
-        for (User *U : Mul->users()) {
-          if (BinaryOperator *UserBO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(U))
-            ToRedo.insert(UserBO);
-        }
-        ToRedo.insert(Neg);
-        Changed = true;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      // Failed to morph into an expression of the right type.  This really is
-      // a leaf.
-      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "ADD LEAF: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ")\n");
-      assert(!isReassociableOp(Op, Opcode) && "Value was morphed?");
-      LeafOrder.push_back(Op);
-      Leaves[Op] = Weight;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // The leaves, repeated according to their weights, represent the linearized
-  // form of the expression.
-  for (Value *V : LeafOrder) {
-    LeafMap::iterator It = Leaves.find(V);
-    if (It == Leaves.end())
-      // Node initially thought to be a leaf wasn't.
-      continue;
-    assert(!isReassociableOp(V, Opcode) && "Shouldn't be a leaf!");
-    uint64_t Weight = It->second;
-    // Ensure the leaf is only output once.
-    It->second = 0;
-    Ops.push_back(std::make_pair(V, Weight));
-    if (Opcode == Instruction::Add && Flags.AllKnownNonNegative && Flags.HasNSW)
-      Flags.AllKnownNonNegative &= isKnownNonNegative(V, SimplifyQuery(DL));
-    else if (Opcode == Instruction::Mul) {
-      // To preserve NUW we need all inputs non-zero.
-      // To preserve NSW we need all inputs strictly positive.
-      if (Flags.AllKnownNonZero &&
-          (Flags.HasNUW || (Flags.HasNSW && Flags.AllKnownNonNegative))) {
-        Flags.AllKnownNonZero &= isKnownNonZero(V, SimplifyQuery(DL));
-        if (Flags.HasNSW && Flags.AllKnownNonNegative)
-          Flags.AllKnownNonNegative &= isKnownNonNegative(V, SimplifyQuery(DL));
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // For nilpotent operations or addition there may be no operands, for example
-  // because the expression was "X xor X" or consisted of 2^Bitwidth additions:
-  // in both cases the weight reduces to 0 causing the value to be skipped.
-  if (Ops.empty()) {
-    Constant *Identity = ConstantExpr::getBinOpIdentity(Opcode, I->getType());
-    assert(Identity && "Associative operation without identity!");
-    Ops.emplace_back(Identity, 1);
-  }
-
-  return Changed;
-}
-
-/// Now that the operands for this expression tree are
-/// linearized and optimized, emit them in-order.
-void ReassociatePass::RewriteExprTree(BinaryOperator *I,
-                                      SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops,
-                                      OverflowTracking Flags) {
-  assert(Ops.size() > 1 && "Single values should be used directly!");
-
-  // Since our optimizations should never increase the number of operations, the
-  // new expression can usually be written reusing the existing binary operators
-  // from the original expression tree, without creating any new instructions,
-  // though the rewritten expression may have a completely different topology.
-  // We take care to not change anything if the new expression will be the same
-  // as the original.  If more than trivial changes (like commuting operands)
-  // were made then we are obliged to clear out any optional subclass data like
-  // nsw flags.
-
-  /// NodesToRewrite - Nodes from the original expression available for writing
-  /// the new expression into.
-  SmallVector<BinaryOperator*, 8> NodesToRewrite;
-  unsigned Opcode = I->getOpcode();
-  BinaryOperator *Op = I;
-
-  /// NotRewritable - The operands being written will be the leaves of the new
-  /// expression and must not be used as inner nodes (via NodesToRewrite) by
-  /// mistake.  Inner nodes are always reassociable, and usually leaves are not
-  /// (if they were they would have been incorporated into the expression and so
-  /// would not be leaves), so most of the time there is no danger of this.  But
-  /// in rare cases a leaf may become reassociable if an optimization kills uses
-  /// of it, or it may momentarily become reassociable during rewriting (below)
-  /// due it being removed as an operand of one of its uses.  Ensure that misuse
-  /// of leaf nodes as inner nodes cannot occur by remembering all of the future
-  /// leaves and refusing to reuse any of them as inner nodes.
-  SmallPtrSet<Value*, 8> NotRewritable;
-  for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops)
-    NotRewritable.insert(Op.Op);
-
-  // ExpressionChangedStart - Non-null if the rewritten expression differs from
-  // the original in some non-trivial way, requiring the clearing of optional
-  // flags. Flags are cleared from the operator in ExpressionChangedStart up to
-  // ExpressionChangedEnd inclusive.
-  BinaryOperator *ExpressionChangedStart = nullptr,
-                 *ExpressionChangedEnd = nullptr;
-  for (unsigned i = 0; ; ++i) {
-    // The last operation (which comes earliest in the IR) is special as both
-    // operands will come from Ops, rather than just one with the other being
-    // a subexpression.
-    if (i+2 == Ops.size()) {
-      Value *NewLHS = Ops[i].Op;
-      Value *NewRHS = Ops[i+1].Op;
-      Value *OldLHS = Op->getOperand(0);
-      Value *OldRHS = Op->getOperand(1);
-
-      if (NewLHS == OldLHS && NewRHS == OldRHS)
-        // Nothing changed, leave it alone.
-        break;
-
-      if (NewLHS == OldRHS && NewRHS == OldLHS) {
-        // The order of the operands was reversed.  Swap them.
-        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RA: " << *Op << '\n');
-        Op->swapOperands();
-        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TO: " << *Op << '\n');
-        MadeChange = true;
-        ++NumChanged;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      // The new operation differs non-trivially from the original. Overwrite
-      // the old operands with the new ones.
-      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RA: " << *Op << '\n');
-      if (NewLHS != OldLHS) {
-        BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(OldLHS, Opcode);
-        if (BO && !NotRewritable.count(BO))
-          NodesToRewrite.push_back(BO);
-        salvageDebugInfo(*Op);
-        Op->setOperand(0, NewLHS);
-      }
-      if (NewRHS != OldRHS) {
-        BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(OldRHS, Opcode);
-        if (BO && !NotRewritable.count(BO))
-          NodesToRewrite.push_back(BO);
-        salvageDebugInfo(*Op);
-        Op->setOperand(1, NewRHS);
-      }
-      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TO: " << *Op << '\n');
-
-      ExpressionChangedStart = Op;
-      if (!ExpressionChangedEnd)
-        ExpressionChangedEnd = Op;
-      MadeChange = true;
-      ++NumChanged;
-
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // Not the last operation.  The left-hand side will be a sub-expression
-    // while the right-hand side will be the current element of Ops.
-    Value *NewRHS = Ops[i].Op;
-    if (NewRHS != Op->getOperand(1)) {
-      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RA: " << *Op << '\n');
-      if (NewRHS == Op->getOperand(0)) {
-        // The new right-hand side was already present as the left operand.  If
-        // we are lucky then swapping the operands will sort out both of them.
-        Op->swapOperands();
-      } else {
-        // Overwrite with the new right-hand side.
-        BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(Op->getOperand(1), Opcode);
-        if (BO && !NotRewritable.count(BO))
-          NodesToRewrite.push_back(BO);
-        salvageDebugInfo(*Op);
-        Op->setOperand(1, NewRHS);
-        ExpressionChangedStart = Op;
-        if (!ExpressionChangedEnd)
-          ExpressionChangedEnd = Op;
-      }
-      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TO: " << *Op << '\n');
-      MadeChange = true;
-      ++NumChanged;
-    }
-
-    // Now deal with the left-hand side.  If this is already an operation node
-    // from the original expression then just rewrite the rest of the expression
-    // into it.
-    BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(Op->getOperand(0), Opcode);
-    if (BO && !NotRewritable.count(BO)) {
-      Op = BO;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // Otherwise, grab a spare node from the original expression and use that as
-    // the left-hand side.  If there are no nodes left then the optimizers made
-    // an expression with more nodes than the original!  This usually means that
-    // they did something stupid but it might mean that the problem was just too
-    // hard (finding the mimimal number of multiplications needed to realize a
-    // multiplication expression is NP-complete).  Whatever the reason, smart or
-    // stupid, create a new node if there are none left.
-    BinaryOperator *NewOp;
-    if (NodesToRewrite.empty()) {
-      Constant *Poison = PoisonValue::get(I->getType());
-      NewOp = BinaryOperator::Create(Instruction::BinaryOps(Opcode), Poison,
-                                     Poison, "", I->getIterator());
-      if (isa<FPMathOperator>(NewOp))
-        NewOp->setFastMathFlags(I->getFastMathFlags());
-    } else {
-      NewOp = NodesToRewrite.pop_back_val();
-    }
-
-    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RA: " << *Op << '\n');
-    salvageDebugInfo(*Op);
-    Op->setOperand(0, NewOp);
-    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TO: " << *Op << '\n');
-    ExpressionChangedStart = Op;
-    if (!ExpressionChangedEnd)
-      ExpressionChangedEnd = Op;
-    MadeChange = true;
-    ++NumChanged;
-    Op = NewOp;
-  }
-
-  // If the expression changed non-trivially then clear out all subclass data
-  // starting from the operator specified in ExpressionChanged, and compactify
-  // the operators to just before the expression root to guarantee that the
-  // expression tree is dominated by all of Ops.
-  if (ExpressionChangedStart) {
-    bool ClearFlags = true;
-    do {
-      // Preserve flags.
-      if (ClearFlags) {
-        if (isa<FPMathOperator>(I)) {
-          FastMathFlags Flags = I->getFastMathFlags();
-          ExpressionChangedStart->clearSubclassOptionalData();
-          ExpressionChangedStart->setFastMathFlags(Flags);
-        } else {
-          Flags.applyFlags(*ExpressionChangedStart);
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (ExpressionChangedStart == ExpressionChangedEnd)
-        ClearFlags = false;
-      if (ExpressionChangedStart == I)
-        break;
-
-      ExpressionChangedStart->moveBefore(I->getIterator());
-      ExpressionChangedStart =
-          cast<BinaryOperator>(*ExpressionChangedStart->user_begin());
-    } while (true);
-  }
-
-  // Throw away any left over nodes from the original expression.
-  RedoInsts.insert_range(NodesToRewrite);
-}
-
-/// Insert instructions before the instruction pointed to by BI,
-/// that computes the negative version of the value specified.  The negative
-/// version of the value is returned, and BI is left pointing at the instruction
-/// that should be processed next by the reassociation pass.
-/// Also add intermediate instructions to the redo list that are modified while
-/// pushing the negates through adds.  These will be revisited to see if
-/// additional opportunities have been exposed.
-static Value *NegateValue(Value *V, Instruction *BI,
-                          ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo) {
-  if (auto *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V)) {
-    const DataLayout &DL = BI->getDataLayout();
-    Constant *Res = C->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy()
-                        ? ConstantFoldUnaryOpOperand(Instruction::FNeg, C, DL)
-                        : ConstantExpr::getNeg(C);
-    if (Res)
-      return Res;
-  }
-
-  // We are trying to expose opportunity for reassociation.  One of the things
-  // that we want to do to achieve this is to push a negation as deep into an
-  // expression chain as possible, to expose the add instructions.  In practice,
-  // this means that we turn this:
-  //   X = -(A+12+C+D)   into    X = -A + -12 + -C + -D = -12 + -A + -C + -D
-  // so that later, a: Y = 12+X could get reassociated with the -12 to eliminate
-  // the constants.  We assume that instcombine will clean up the mess later if
-  // we introduce tons of unnecessary negation instructions.
-  //
-  if (BinaryOperator *I =
-          isReassociableOp(V, Instruction::Add, Instruction::FAdd)) {
-    // Push the negates through the add.
-    I->setOperand(0, NegateValue(I->getOperand(0), BI, ToRedo));
-    I->setOperand(1, NegateValue(I->getOperand(1), BI, ToRedo));
-    if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add) {
-      I->setHasNoUnsignedWrap(false);
-      I->setHasNoSignedWrap(false);
-    }
-
-    // We must move the add instruction here, because the neg instructions do
-    // not dominate the old add instruction in general.  By moving it, we are
-    // assured that the neg instructions we just inserted dominate the
-    // instruction we are about to insert after them.
-    //
-    I->moveBefore(BI->getIterator());
-    I->setName(I->getName()+".neg");
-
-    // Add the intermediate negates to the redo list as processing them later
-    // could expose more reassociating opportunities.
-    ToRedo.insert(I);
-    return I;
-  }
-
-  // Okay, we need to materialize a negated version of V with an instruction.
-  // Scan the use lists of V to see if we have one already.
-  for (User *U : V->users()) {
-    if (!match(U, m_Neg(m_Value())) && !match(U, m_FNeg(m_Value())))
-      continue;
-
-    // We found one!  Now we have to make sure that the definition dominates
-    // this use.  We do this by moving it to the entry block (if it is a
-    // non-instruction value) or right after the definition.  These negates will
-    // be zapped by reassociate later, so we don't need much finesse here.
-    Instruction *TheNeg = dyn_cast<Instruction>(U);
-
-    // We can't safely propagate a vector zero constant with poison/undef lanes.
-    Constant *C;
-    if (match(TheNeg, m_BinOp(m_Constant(C), m_Value())) &&
-        C->containsUndefOrPoisonElement())
-      continue;
-
-    // Verify that the negate is in this function, V might be a constant expr.
-    if (!TheNeg ||
-        TheNeg->getParent()->getParent() != BI->getParent()->getParent())
-      continue;
-
-    BasicBlock::iterator InsertPt;
-    if (Instruction *InstInput = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V)) {
-      auto InsertPtOpt = InstInput->getInsertionPointAfterDef();
-      if (!InsertPtOpt)
-        continue;
-      InsertPt = *InsertPtOpt;
-    } else {
-      InsertPt = TheNeg->getFunction()
-                     ->getEntryBlock()
-                     .getFirstNonPHIOrDbg()
-                     ->getIterator();
-    }
-
-    // Check that if TheNeg is moved out of its parent block, we drop its
-    // debug location to avoid extra coverage.
-    // See test dropping_debugloc_the_neg.ll for a detailed example.
-    if (TheNeg->getParent() != InsertPt->getParent())
-      TheNeg->dropLocation();
-    TheNeg->moveBefore(*InsertPt->getParent(), InsertPt);
-
-    if (TheNeg->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub) {
-      TheNeg->setHasNoUnsignedWrap(false);
-      TheNeg->setHasNoSignedWrap(false);
-    } else {
-      TheNeg->andIRFlags(BI);
-    }
-    ToRedo.insert(TheNeg);
-    return TheNeg;
-  }
-
-  // Insert a 'neg' instruction that subtracts the value from zero to get the
-  // negation.
-  Instruction *NewNeg =
-      CreateNeg(V, V->getName() + ".neg", BI->getIterator(), BI);
-  // NewNeg is generated to potentially replace BI, so use its DebugLoc.
-  NewNeg->setDebugLoc(BI->getDebugLoc());
-  ToRedo.insert(NewNeg);
-  return NewNeg;
-}
-
-// See if this `or` looks like an load widening reduction, i.e. that it
-// consists of an `or`/`shl`/`zext`/`load` nodes only. Note that we don't
-// ensure that the pattern is *really* a load widening reduction,
-// we do not ensure that it can really be replaced with a widened load,
-// only that it mostly looks like one.
-static bool isLoadCombineCandidate(Instruction *Or) {
-  SmallVector<Instruction *, 8> Worklist;
-  SmallPtrSet<Instruction *, 8> Visited;
-
-  auto Enqueue = [&](Value *V) {
-    auto *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V);
-    // Each node of an `or` reduction must be an instruction,
-    if (!I)
-      return false; // Node is certainly not part of an `or` load reduction.
-    // Only process instructions we have never processed before.
-    if (Visited.insert(I).second)
-      Worklist.emplace_back(I);
-    return true; // Will need to look at parent nodes.
-  };
-
-  if (!Enqueue(Or))
-    return false; // Not an `or` reduction pattern.
-
-  while (!Worklist.empty()) {
-    auto *I = Worklist.pop_back_val();
-
-    // Okay, which instruction is this node?
-    switch (I->getOpcode()) {
-    case Instruction::Or:
-      // Got an `or` node. That's fine, just recurse into it's operands.
-      for (Value *Op : I->operands())
-        if (!Enqueue(Op))
-          return false; // Not an `or` reduction pattern.
-      continue;
-
-    case Instruction::Shl:
-    case Instruction::ZExt:
-      // `shl`/`zext` nodes are fine, just recurse into their base operand.
-      if (!Enqueue(I->getOperand(0)))
-        return false; // Not an `or` reduction pattern.
-      continue;
-
-    case Instruction::Load:
-      // Perfect, `load` node means we've reached an edge of the graph.
-      continue;
-
-    default:        // Unknown node.
-      return false; // Not an `or` reduction pattern.
-    }
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-/// Return true if it may be profitable to convert this (X|Y) into (X+Y).
-static bool shouldConvertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(Instruction *Or) {
-  // Don't bother to convert this up unless either the LHS is an associable add
-  // or subtract or mul or if this is only used by one of the above.
-  // This is only a compile-time improvement, it is not needed for correctness!
-  auto isInteresting = [](Value *V) {
-    for (auto Op : {Instruction::Add, Instruction::Sub, Instruction::Mul,
-                    Instruction::Shl})
-      if (isReassociableOp(V, Op))
-        return true;
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  if (any_of(Or->operands(), isInteresting))
-    return true;
-
-  Value *VB = Or->user_back();
-  if (Or->hasOneUse() && isInteresting(VB))
-    return true;
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-/// If we have (X|Y), and iff X and Y have no common bits set,
-/// transform this into (X+Y) to allow arithmetics reassociation.
-static BinaryOperator *convertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(Instruction *Or) {
-  // Convert an or into an add.
-  BinaryOperator *New = CreateAdd(Or->getOperand(0), Or->getOperand(1), "",
-                                  Or->getIterator(), Or);
-  New->setHasNoSignedWrap();
-  New->setHasNoUnsignedWrap();
-  New->takeName(Or);
-
-  // Everyone now refers to the add instruction.
-  Or->replaceAllUsesWith(New);
-  New->setDebugLoc(Or->getDebugLoc());
-
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Converted or into an add: " << *New << '\n');
-  return New;
-}
-
-/// Return true if Mul is of the form (X+Y)*C or (X-Y)*C where C is a
-/// constant, and there exists a sibling instruction of the form X*C' or Y*C'
-/// in the same expression — indicating that distribution followed by
-/// factoring will reduce the instruction count.
-static bool ShouldBreakUpDistribution(Instruction *Mul) {
-  Value *A, *B;
-  if (!match(Mul, m_c_Mul(m_OneUse(m_CombineOr(m_Add(m_Value(A), m_Value(B)),
-                                               m_Sub(m_Value(A), m_Value(B)))),
-                          m_ImmConstant())))
-    return false;
-
-  auto *MulUser = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Mul->user_back());
-  // The parent MUST be an Add or Sub to ensure the tree is flattened
-  if (!MulUser || (MulUser->getOpcode() != Instruction::Add &&
-                   MulUser->getOpcode() != Instruction::Sub))
-    return false;
-
-  for (Value *Sibling : MulUser->operands()) {
-    if (Sibling == Mul || !Sibling->hasOneUse())
-      continue;
-
-    // Sibling must be NonConst * C'.
-    Value *SibNC;
-    if (match(Sibling, m_Mul(m_Value(SibNC), m_Constant())) && (SibNC == A || SibNC == B) && !isa<Constant>(SibNC))
+//===- Reassociate.cpp - Reassociate binary expressions -------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This pass reassociates commutative expressions in an order that is designed
+// to promote better constant propagation, GCSE, LICM, PRE, etc.
+//
+// For example: 4 + (x + 5) -> x + (4 + 5)
+//
+// In the implementation of this algorithm, constants are assigned rank = 0,
+// function arguments are rank = 1, and other values are assigned ranks
+// corresponding to the reverse post order traversal of current function
+// (starting at 2), which effectively gives values in deep loops higher rank
+// than values not in loops.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/APFloat.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/APInt.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/PostOrderIterator.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/BasicAliasAnalysis.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/ConstantFolding.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/GlobalsModRef.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Argument.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Constant.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Operator.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/PatternMatch.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/User.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/ValueHandle.h"
+#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
+#include "llvm/Pass.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <utility>
+
+using namespace llvm;
+using namespace reassociate;
+using namespace PatternMatch;
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "reassociate"
+
+STATISTIC(NumChanged, "Number of insts reassociated");
+STATISTIC(NumAnnihil, "Number of expr tree annihilated");
+STATISTIC(NumFactor , "Number of multiplies factored");
+
+static cl::opt<bool>
+    UseCSELocalOpt(DEBUG_TYPE "-use-cse-local",
+                   cl::desc("Only reorder expressions within a basic block "
+                            "when exposing CSE opportunities"),
+                   cl::init(true), cl::Hidden);
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+/// Print out the expression identified in the Ops list.
+static void PrintOps(Instruction *I, const SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
+  Module *M = I->getModule();
+  dbgs() << Instruction::getOpcodeName(I->getOpcode()) << " "
+       << *Ops[0].Op->getType() << '\t';
+  for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops) {
+    dbgs() << "[ ";
+    Op.Op->printAsOperand(dbgs(), false, M);
+    dbgs() << ", #" << Op.Rank << "] ";
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+/// Utility class representing a non-constant Xor-operand. We classify
+/// non-constant Xor-Operands into two categories:
+///  C1) The operand is in the form "X & C", where C is a constant and C != ~0
+///  C2)
+///    C2.1) The operand is in the form of "X | C", where C is a non-zero
+///          constant.
+///    C2.2) Any operand E which doesn't fall into C1 and C2.1, we view this
+///          operand as "E | 0"
+class llvm::reassociate::XorOpnd {
+public:
+  XorOpnd(Value *V);
+
+  bool isInvalid() const { return SymbolicPart == nullptr; }
+  bool isOrExpr() const { return isOr; }
+  Value *getValue() const { return OrigVal; }
+  Value *getSymbolicPart() const { return SymbolicPart; }
+  unsigned getSymbolicRank() const { return SymbolicRank; }
+  const APInt &getConstPart() const { return ConstPart; }
+
+  void Invalidate() { SymbolicPart = OrigVal = nullptr; }
+  void setSymbolicRank(unsigned R) { SymbolicRank = R; }
+
+private:
+  Value *OrigVal;
+  Value *SymbolicPart;
+  APInt ConstPart;
+  unsigned SymbolicRank;
+  bool isOr;
+};
+
+XorOpnd::XorOpnd(Value *V) {
+  assert(!isa<ConstantInt>(V) && "No ConstantInt");
+  OrigVal = V;
+  Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V);
+  SymbolicRank = 0;
+
+  if (I && (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or ||
+            I->getOpcode() == Instruction::And)) {
+    Value *V0 = I->getOperand(0);
+    Value *V1 = I->getOperand(1);
+    const APInt *C;
+    if (match(V0, m_APInt(C)))
+      std::swap(V0, V1);
+
+    if (match(V1, m_APInt(C))) {
+      ConstPart = *C;
+      SymbolicPart = V0;
+      isOr = (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // view the operand as "V | 0"
+  SymbolicPart = V;
+  ConstPart = APInt::getZero(V->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits());
+  isOr = true;
+}
+
+/// Return true if I is an instruction with the FastMathFlags that are needed
+/// for general reassociation set.  This is not the same as testing
+/// Instruction::isAssociative() because it includes operations like fsub.
+/// (This routine is only intended to be called for floating-point operations.)
+static bool hasFPAssociativeFlags(Instruction *I) {
+  assert(I && isa<FPMathOperator>(I) && "Should only check FP ops");
+  return I->hasAllowReassoc() && I->hasNoSignedZeros();
+}
+
+/// Return true if V is an instruction of the specified opcode and if it
+/// only has one use.
+static BinaryOperator *isReassociableOp(Value *V, unsigned Opcode) {
+  auto *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(V);
+  if (BO && BO->hasOneUse() && BO->getOpcode() == Opcode)
+    if (!isa<FPMathOperator>(BO) || hasFPAssociativeFlags(BO))
+      return BO;
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static BinaryOperator *isReassociableOp(Value *V, unsigned Opcode1,
+                                        unsigned Opcode2) {
+  auto *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(V);
+  if (BO && BO->hasOneUse() &&
+      (BO->getOpcode() == Opcode1 || BO->getOpcode() == Opcode2))
+    if (!isa<FPMathOperator>(BO) || hasFPAssociativeFlags(BO))
+      return BO;
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void ReassociatePass::BuildRankMap(Function &F,
+                                   ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function*> &RPOT) {
+  unsigned Rank = 2;
+
+  // Assign distinct ranks to function arguments.
+  for (auto &Arg : F.args()) {
+    ValueRankMap[&Arg] = ++Rank;
+    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Calculated Rank[" << Arg.getName() << "] = " << Rank
+                      << "\n");
+  }
+
+  // Traverse basic blocks in ReversePostOrder.
+  for (BasicBlock *BB : RPOT) {
+    unsigned BBRank = RankMap[BB] = ++Rank << 16;
+
+    // Walk the basic block, adding precomputed ranks for any instructions that
+    // we cannot move.  This ensures that the ranks for these instructions are
+    // all different in the block.
+    for (Instruction &I : *BB)
+      if (mayHaveNonDefUseDependency(I))
+        ValueRankMap[&I] = ++BBRank;
+  }
+}
+
+unsigned ReassociatePass::getRank(Value *V) {
+  Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V);
+  if (!I) {
+    if (isa<Argument>(V)) return ValueRankMap[V];   // Function argument.
+    return 0;  // Otherwise it's a global or constant, rank 0.
+  }
+
+  if (unsigned Rank = ValueRankMap[I])
+    return Rank;    // Rank already known?
+
+  // If this is an expression, return the 1+MAX(rank(LHS), rank(RHS)) so that
+  // we can reassociate expressions for code motion!  Since we do not recurse
+  // for PHI nodes, we cannot have infinite recursion here, because there
+  // cannot be loops in the value graph that do not go through PHI nodes.
+  unsigned Rank = 0, MaxRank = RankMap[I->getParent()];
+  for (unsigned i = 0, e = I->getNumOperands(); i != e && Rank != MaxRank; ++i)
+    Rank = std::max(Rank, getRank(I->getOperand(i)));
+
+  // If this is a 'not' or 'neg' instruction, do not count it for rank. This
+  // assures us that X and ~X will have the same rank.
+  if (!match(I, m_Not(m_Value())) && !match(I, m_Neg(m_Value())) &&
+      !match(I, m_FNeg(m_Value())))
+    ++Rank;
+
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Calculated Rank[" << V->getName() << "] = " << Rank
+                    << "\n");
+
+  return ValueRankMap[I] = Rank;
+}
+
+// Canonicalize constants to RHS.  Otherwise, sort the operands by rank.
+void ReassociatePass::canonicalizeOperands(Instruction *I) {
+  assert(isa<BinaryOperator>(I) && "Expected binary operator.");
+  assert(I->isCommutative() && "Expected commutative operator.");
+
+  Value *LHS = I->getOperand(0);
+  Value *RHS = I->getOperand(1);
+  if (LHS == RHS || isa<Constant>(RHS))
+    return;
+  if (isa<Constant>(LHS) || getRank(RHS) < getRank(LHS)) {
+    cast<BinaryOperator>(I)->swapOperands();
+    MadeChange = true;
+  }
+}
+
+static BinaryOperator *CreateAdd(Value *S1, Value *S2, const Twine &Name,
+                                 BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore,
+                                 Value *FlagsOp) {
+  if (S1->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
+    return BinaryOperator::CreateAdd(S1, S2, Name, InsertBefore);
+  else {
+    BinaryOperator *Res =
+        BinaryOperator::CreateFAdd(S1, S2, Name, InsertBefore);
+    Res->setFastMathFlags(cast<FPMathOperator>(FlagsOp)->getFastMathFlags());
+    return Res;
+  }
+}
+
+static BinaryOperator *CreateMul(Value *S1, Value *S2, const Twine &Name,
+                                 BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore,
+                                 Value *FlagsOp) {
+  if (S1->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
+    return BinaryOperator::CreateMul(S1, S2, Name, InsertBefore);
+  else {
+    BinaryOperator *Res =
+      BinaryOperator::CreateFMul(S1, S2, Name, InsertBefore);
+    Res->setFastMathFlags(cast<FPMathOperator>(FlagsOp)->getFastMathFlags());
+    return Res;
+  }
+}
+
+static Instruction *CreateNeg(Value *S1, const Twine &Name,
+                              BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore,
+                              Value *FlagsOp) {
+  if (S1->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
+    return BinaryOperator::CreateNeg(S1, Name, InsertBefore);
+
+  if (auto *FMFSource = dyn_cast<Instruction>(FlagsOp))
+    return UnaryOperator::CreateFNegFMF(S1, FMFSource, Name, InsertBefore);
+
+  return UnaryOperator::CreateFNeg(S1, Name, InsertBefore);
+}
+
+/// Replace 0-X with X*-1.
+static BinaryOperator *LowerNegateToMultiply(Instruction *Neg) {
+  assert((isa<UnaryOperator>(Neg) || isa<BinaryOperator>(Neg)) &&
+         "Expected a Negate!");
+  // FIXME: It's not safe to lower a unary FNeg into a FMul by -1.0.
+  unsigned OpNo = isa<BinaryOperator>(Neg) ? 1 : 0;
+  Type *Ty = Neg->getType();
+  Constant *NegOne = Ty->isIntOrIntVectorTy() ?
+    ConstantInt::getAllOnesValue(Ty) : ConstantFP::get(Ty, -1.0);
+
+  BinaryOperator *Res =
+      CreateMul(Neg->getOperand(OpNo), NegOne, "", Neg->getIterator(), Neg);
+  Neg->setOperand(OpNo, Constant::getNullValue(Ty)); // Drop use of op.
+  Res->takeName(Neg);
+  Neg->replaceAllUsesWith(Res);
+  Res->setDebugLoc(Neg->getDebugLoc());
+  return Res;
+}
+
+using RepeatedValue = std::pair<Value *, uint64_t>;
+
+/// Given an associative binary expression, return the leaf
+/// nodes in Ops along with their weights (how many times the leaf occurs).  The
+/// original expression is the same as
+///   (Ops[0].first op Ops[0].first op ... Ops[0].first)  <- Ops[0].second times
+/// op
+///   (Ops[1].first op Ops[1].first op ... Ops[1].first)  <- Ops[1].second times
+/// op
+///   ...
+/// op
+///   (Ops[N].first op Ops[N].first op ... Ops[N].first)  <- Ops[N].second times
+///
+/// Note that the values Ops[0].first, ..., Ops[N].first are all distinct.
+///
+/// This routine may modify the function, in which case it returns 'true'.  The
+/// changes it makes may well be destructive, changing the value computed by 'I'
+/// to something completely different.  Thus if the routine returns 'true' then
+/// you MUST either replace I with a new expression computed from the Ops array,
+/// or use RewriteExprTree to put the values back in.
+///
+/// A leaf node is either not a binary operation of the same kind as the root
+/// node 'I' (i.e. is not a binary operator at all, or is, but with a different
+/// opcode), or is the same kind of binary operator but has a use which either
+/// does not belong to the expression, or does belong to the expression but is
+/// a leaf node.  Every leaf node has at least one use that is a non-leaf node
+/// of the expression, while for non-leaf nodes (except for the root 'I') every
+/// use is a non-leaf node of the expression.
+///
+/// For example:
+///           expression graph        node names
+///
+///                     +        |        I
+///                    / \       |
+///                   +   +      |      A,  B
+///                  / \ / \     |
+///                 *   +   *    |    C,  D,  E
+///                / \ / \ / \   |
+///                   +   *      |      F,  G
+///
+/// The leaf nodes are C, E, F and G.  The Ops array will contain (maybe not in
+/// that order) (C, 1), (E, 1), (F, 2), (G, 2).
+///
+/// The expression is maximal: if some instruction is a binary operator of the
+/// same kind as 'I', and all of its uses are non-leaf nodes of the expression,
+/// then the instruction also belongs to the expression, is not a leaf node of
+/// it, and its operands also belong to the expression (but may be leaf nodes).
+///
+/// NOTE: This routine will set operands of non-leaf non-root nodes to undef in
+/// order to ensure that every non-root node in the expression has *exactly one*
+/// use by a non-leaf node of the expression.  This destruction means that the
+/// caller MUST either replace 'I' with a new expression or use something like
+/// RewriteExprTree to put the values back in if the routine indicates that it
+/// made a change by returning 'true'.
+///
+/// In the above example either the right operand of A or the left operand of B
+/// will be replaced by undef.  If it is B's operand then this gives:
+///
+///                     +        |        I
+///                    / \       |
+///                   +   +      |      A,  B - operand of B replaced with undef
+///                  / \   \     |
+///                 *   +   *    |    C,  D,  E
+///                / \ / \ / \   |
+///                   +   *      |      F,  G
+///
+/// Note that such undef operands can only be reached by passing through 'I'.
+/// For example, if you visit operands recursively starting from a leaf node
+/// then you will never see such an undef operand unless you get back to 'I',
+/// which requires passing through a phi node.
+///
+/// Note that this routine may also mutate binary operators of the wrong type
+/// that have all uses inside the expression (i.e. only used by non-leaf nodes
+/// of the expression) if it can turn them into binary operators of the right
+/// type and thus make the expression bigger.
+static bool LinearizeExprTree(Instruction *I,
+                              SmallVectorImpl<RepeatedValue> &Ops,
+                              ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo,
+                              OverflowTracking &Flags) {
+  assert((isa<UnaryOperator>(I) || isa<BinaryOperator>(I)) &&
+         "Expected a UnaryOperator or BinaryOperator!");
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "LINEARIZE: " << *I << '\n');
+  unsigned Opcode = I->getOpcode();
+  assert(I->isAssociative() && I->isCommutative() &&
+         "Expected an associative and commutative operation!");
+
+  // Visit all operands of the expression, keeping track of their weight (the
+  // number of paths from the expression root to the operand, or if you like
+  // the number of times that operand occurs in the linearized expression).
+  // For example, if I = X + A, where X = A + B, then I, X and B have weight 1
+  // while A has weight two.
+
+  // Worklist of non-leaf nodes (their operands are in the expression too) along
+  // with their weights, representing a certain number of paths to the operator.
+  // If an operator occurs in the worklist multiple times then we found multiple
+  // ways to get to it.
+  SmallVector<std::pair<Instruction *, uint64_t>, 8> Worklist; // (Op, Weight)
+  Worklist.push_back(std::make_pair(I, 1));
+  bool Changed = false;
+
+  // Leaves of the expression are values that either aren't the right kind of
+  // operation (eg: a constant, or a multiply in an add tree), or are, but have
+  // some uses that are not inside the expression.  For example, in I = X + X,
+  // X = A + B, the value X has two uses (by I) that are in the expression.  If
+  // X has any other uses, for example in a return instruction, then we consider
+  // X to be a leaf, and won't analyze it further.  When we first visit a value,
+  // if it has more than one use then at first we conservatively consider it to
+  // be a leaf.  Later, as the expression is explored, we may discover some more
+  // uses of the value from inside the expression.  If all uses turn out to be
+  // from within the expression (and the value is a binary operator of the right
+  // kind) then the value is no longer considered to be a leaf, and its operands
+  // are explored.
+
+  // Leaves - Keeps track of the set of putative leaves as well as the number of
+  // paths to each leaf seen so far.
+  using LeafMap = DenseMap<Value *, uint64_t>;
+  LeafMap Leaves; // Leaf -> Total weight so far.
+  SmallVector<Value *, 8> LeafOrder; // Ensure deterministic leaf output order.
+  const DataLayout &DL = I->getDataLayout();
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  SmallPtrSet<Value *, 8> Visited; // For checking the iteration scheme.
+#endif
+  while (!Worklist.empty()) {
+    // We examine the operands of this binary operator.
+    auto [I, Weight] = Worklist.pop_back_val();
+
+    Flags.mergeFlags(*I);
+
+    for (unsigned OpIdx = 0; OpIdx < I->getNumOperands(); ++OpIdx) { // Visit operands.
+      Value *Op = I->getOperand(OpIdx);
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "OPERAND: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ")\n");
+      assert((!Op->hasUseList() || !Op->use_empty()) &&
+             "No uses, so how did we get to it?!");
+
+      // If this is a binary operation of the right kind with only one use then
+      // add its operands to the expression.
+      if (BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(Op, Opcode)) {
+        assert(Visited.insert(Op).second && "Not first visit!");
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "DIRECT ADD: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ")\n");
+        Worklist.push_back(std::make_pair(BO, Weight));
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Appears to be a leaf.  Is the operand already in the set of leaves?
+      LeafMap::iterator It = Leaves.find(Op);
+      if (It == Leaves.end()) {
+        // Not in the leaf map.  Must be the first time we saw this operand.
+        assert(Visited.insert(Op).second && "Not first visit!");
+        if (!Op->hasOneUse()) {
+          // This value has uses not accounted for by the expression, so it is
+          // not safe to modify.  Mark it as being a leaf.
+          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()
+                     << "ADD USES LEAF: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ")\n");
+          LeafOrder.push_back(Op);
+          Leaves[Op] = Weight;
+          continue;
+        }
+        // No uses outside the expression, try morphing it.
+      } else {
+        // Already in the leaf map.
+        assert(It != Leaves.end() && Visited.count(Op) &&
+               "In leaf map but not visited!");
+
+        // Update the number of paths to the leaf.
+        It->second += Weight;
+        assert(It->second >= Weight && "Weight overflows");
+
+        // If we still have uses that are not accounted for by the expression
+        // then it is not safe to modify the value.
+        if (!Op->hasOneUse())
+          continue;
+
+        // No uses outside the expression, try morphing it.
+        Weight = It->second;
+        Leaves.erase(It); // Since the value may be morphed below.
+      }
+
+      // At this point we have a value which, first of all, is not a binary
+      // expression of the right kind, and secondly, is only used inside the
+      // expression.  This means that it can safely be modified.  See if we
+      // can usefully morph it into an expression of the right kind.
+      assert((!isa<Instruction>(Op) ||
+              cast<Instruction>(Op)->getOpcode() != Opcode
+              || (isa<FPMathOperator>(Op) &&
+                  !hasFPAssociativeFlags(cast<Instruction>(Op)))) &&
+             "Should have been handled above!");
+      assert(Op->hasOneUse() && "Has uses outside the expression tree!");
+
+      // If this is a multiply expression, turn any internal negations into
+      // multiplies by -1 so they can be reassociated.  Add any users of the
+      // newly created multiplication by -1 to the redo list, so any
+      // reassociation opportunities that are exposed will be reassociated
+      // further.
+      Instruction *Neg;
+      if (((Opcode == Instruction::Mul && match(Op, m_Neg(m_Value()))) ||
+           (Opcode == Instruction::FMul && match(Op, m_FNeg(m_Value())))) &&
+           match(Op, m_Instruction(Neg))) {
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()
+                   << "MORPH LEAF: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ") TO ");
+        Instruction *Mul = LowerNegateToMultiply(Neg);
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << *Mul << '\n');
+        Worklist.push_back(std::make_pair(Mul, Weight));
+        for (User *U : Mul->users()) {
+          if (BinaryOperator *UserBO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(U))
+            ToRedo.insert(UserBO);
+        }
+        ToRedo.insert(Neg);
+        Changed = true;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Failed to morph into an expression of the right type.  This really is
+      // a leaf.
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "ADD LEAF: " << *Op << " (" << Weight << ")\n");
+      assert(!isReassociableOp(Op, Opcode) && "Value was morphed?");
+      LeafOrder.push_back(Op);
+      Leaves[Op] = Weight;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The leaves, repeated according to their weights, represent the linearized
+  // form of the expression.
+  for (Value *V : LeafOrder) {
+    LeafMap::iterator It = Leaves.find(V);
+    if (It == Leaves.end())
+      // Node initially thought to be a leaf wasn't.
+      continue;
+    assert(!isReassociableOp(V, Opcode) && "Shouldn't be a leaf!");
+    uint64_t Weight = It->second;
+    // Ensure the leaf is only output once.
+    It->second = 0;
+    Ops.push_back(std::make_pair(V, Weight));
+    if (Opcode == Instruction::Add && Flags.AllKnownNonNegative && Flags.HasNSW)
+      Flags.AllKnownNonNegative &= isKnownNonNegative(V, SimplifyQuery(DL));
+    else if (Opcode == Instruction::Mul) {
+      // To preserve NUW we need all inputs non-zero.
+      // To preserve NSW we need all inputs strictly positive.
+      if (Flags.AllKnownNonZero &&
+          (Flags.HasNUW || (Flags.HasNSW && Flags.AllKnownNonNegative))) {
+        Flags.AllKnownNonZero &= isKnownNonZero(V, SimplifyQuery(DL));
+        if (Flags.HasNSW && Flags.AllKnownNonNegative)
+          Flags.AllKnownNonNegative &= isKnownNonNegative(V, SimplifyQuery(DL));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For nilpotent operations or addition there may be no operands, for example
+  // because the expression was "X xor X" or consisted of 2^Bitwidth additions:
+  // in both cases the weight reduces to 0 causing the value to be skipped.
+  if (Ops.empty()) {
+    Constant *Identity = ConstantExpr::getBinOpIdentity(Opcode, I->getType());
+    assert(Identity && "Associative operation without identity!");
+    Ops.emplace_back(Identity, 1);
+  }
+
+  return Changed;
+}
+
+/// Now that the operands for this expression tree are
+/// linearized and optimized, emit them in-order.
+void ReassociatePass::RewriteExprTree(BinaryOperator *I,
+                                      SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops,
+                                      OverflowTracking Flags) {
+  assert(Ops.size() > 1 && "Single values should be used directly!");
+
+  // Since our optimizations should never increase the number of operations, the
+  // new expression can usually be written reusing the existing binary operators
+  // from the original expression tree, without creating any new instructions,
+  // though the rewritten expression may have a completely different topology.
+  // We take care to not change anything if the new expression will be the same
+  // as the original.  If more than trivial changes (like commuting operands)
+  // were made then we are obliged to clear out any optional subclass data like
+  // nsw flags.
+
+  /// NodesToRewrite - Nodes from the original expression available for writing
+  /// the new expression into.
+  SmallVector<BinaryOperator*, 8> NodesToRewrite;
+  unsigned Opcode = I->getOpcode();
+  BinaryOperator *Op = I;
+
+  /// NotRewritable - The operands being written will be the leaves of the new
+  /// expression and must not be used as inner nodes (via NodesToRewrite) by
+  /// mistake.  Inner nodes are always reassociable, and usually leaves are not
+  /// (if they were they would have been incorporated into the expression and so
+  /// would not be leaves), so most of the time there is no danger of this.  But
+  /// in rare cases a leaf may become reassociable if an optimization kills uses
+  /// of it, or it may momentarily become reassociable during rewriting (below)
+  /// due it being removed as an operand of one of its uses.  Ensure that misuse
+  /// of leaf nodes as inner nodes cannot occur by remembering all of the future
+  /// leaves and refusing to reuse any of them as inner nodes.
+  SmallPtrSet<Value*, 8> NotRewritable;
+  for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops)
+    NotRewritable.insert(Op.Op);
+
+  // ExpressionChangedStart - Non-null if the rewritten expression differs from
+  // the original in some non-trivial way, requiring the clearing of optional
+  // flags. Flags are cleared from the operator in ExpressionChangedStart up to
+  // ExpressionChangedEnd inclusive.
+  BinaryOperator *ExpressionChangedStart = nullptr,
+                 *ExpressionChangedEnd = nullptr;
+  for (unsigned i = 0; ; ++i) {
+    // The last operation (which comes earliest in the IR) is special as both
+    // operands will come from Ops, rather than just one with the other being
+    // a subexpression.
+    if (i+2 == Ops.size()) {
+      Value *NewLHS = Ops[i].Op;
+      Value *NewRHS = Ops[i+1].Op;
+      Value *OldLHS = Op->getOperand(0);
+      Value *OldRHS = Op->getOperand(1);
+
+      if (NewLHS == OldLHS && NewRHS == OldRHS)
+        // Nothing changed, leave it alone.
+        break;
+
+      if (NewLHS == OldRHS && NewRHS == OldLHS) {
+        // The order of the operands was reversed.  Swap them.
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RA: " << *Op << '\n');
+        Op->swapOperands();
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TO: " << *Op << '\n');
+        MadeChange = true;
+        ++NumChanged;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // The new operation differs non-trivially from the original. Overwrite
+      // the old operands with the new ones.
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RA: " << *Op << '\n');
+      if (NewLHS != OldLHS) {
+        BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(OldLHS, Opcode);
+        if (BO && !NotRewritable.count(BO))
+          NodesToRewrite.push_back(BO);
+        salvageDebugInfo(*Op);
+        Op->setOperand(0, NewLHS);
+      }
+      if (NewRHS != OldRHS) {
+        BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(OldRHS, Opcode);
+        if (BO && !NotRewritable.count(BO))
+          NodesToRewrite.push_back(BO);
+        salvageDebugInfo(*Op);
+        Op->setOperand(1, NewRHS);
+      }
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TO: " << *Op << '\n');
+
+      ExpressionChangedStart = Op;
+      if (!ExpressionChangedEnd)
+        ExpressionChangedEnd = Op;
+      MadeChange = true;
+      ++NumChanged;
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Not the last operation.  The left-hand side will be a sub-expression
+    // while the right-hand side will be the current element of Ops.
+    Value *NewRHS = Ops[i].Op;
+    if (NewRHS != Op->getOperand(1)) {
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RA: " << *Op << '\n');
+      if (NewRHS == Op->getOperand(0)) {
+        // The new right-hand side was already present as the left operand.  If
+        // we are lucky then swapping the operands will sort out both of them.
+        Op->swapOperands();
+      } else {
+        // Overwrite with the new right-hand side.
+        BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(Op->getOperand(1), Opcode);
+        if (BO && !NotRewritable.count(BO))
+          NodesToRewrite.push_back(BO);
+        salvageDebugInfo(*Op);
+        Op->setOperand(1, NewRHS);
+        ExpressionChangedStart = Op;
+        if (!ExpressionChangedEnd)
+          ExpressionChangedEnd = Op;
+      }
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TO: " << *Op << '\n');
+      MadeChange = true;
+      ++NumChanged;
+    }
+
+    // Now deal with the left-hand side.  If this is already an operation node
+    // from the original expression then just rewrite the rest of the expression
+    // into it.
+    BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(Op->getOperand(0), Opcode);
+    if (BO && !NotRewritable.count(BO)) {
+      Op = BO;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, grab a spare node from the original expression and use that as
+    // the left-hand side.  If there are no nodes left then the optimizers made
+    // an expression with more nodes than the original!  This usually means that
+    // they did something stupid but it might mean that the problem was just too
+    // hard (finding the mimimal number of multiplications needed to realize a
+    // multiplication expression is NP-complete).  Whatever the reason, smart or
+    // stupid, create a new node if there are none left.
+    BinaryOperator *NewOp;
+    if (NodesToRewrite.empty()) {
+      Constant *Poison = PoisonValue::get(I->getType());
+      NewOp = BinaryOperator::Create(Instruction::BinaryOps(Opcode), Poison,
+                                     Poison, "", I->getIterator());
+      if (isa<FPMathOperator>(NewOp))
+        NewOp->setFastMathFlags(I->getFastMathFlags());
+    } else {
+      NewOp = NodesToRewrite.pop_back_val();
+    }
+
+    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RA: " << *Op << '\n');
+    salvageDebugInfo(*Op);
+    Op->setOperand(0, NewOp);
+    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TO: " << *Op << '\n');
+    ExpressionChangedStart = Op;
+    if (!ExpressionChangedEnd)
+      ExpressionChangedEnd = Op;
+    MadeChange = true;
+    ++NumChanged;
+    Op = NewOp;
+  }
+
+  // If the expression changed non-trivially then clear out all subclass data
+  // starting from the operator specified in ExpressionChanged, and compactify
+  // the operators to just before the expression root to guarantee that the
+  // expression tree is dominated by all of Ops.
+  if (ExpressionChangedStart) {
+    bool ClearFlags = true;
+    do {
+      // Preserve flags.
+      if (ClearFlags) {
+        if (isa<FPMathOperator>(I)) {
+          FastMathFlags Flags = I->getFastMathFlags();
+          ExpressionChangedStart->clearSubclassOptionalData();
+          ExpressionChangedStart->setFastMathFlags(Flags);
+        } else {
+          Flags.applyFlags(*ExpressionChangedStart);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (ExpressionChangedStart == ExpressionChangedEnd)
+        ClearFlags = false;
+      if (ExpressionChangedStart == I)
+        break;
+
+      ExpressionChangedStart->moveBefore(I->getIterator());
+      ExpressionChangedStart =
+          cast<BinaryOperator>(*ExpressionChangedStart->user_begin());
+    } while (true);
+  }
+
+  // Throw away any left over nodes from the original expression.
+  RedoInsts.insert_range(NodesToRewrite);
+}
+
+/// Insert instructions before the instruction pointed to by BI,
+/// that computes the negative version of the value specified.  The negative
+/// version of the value is returned, and BI is left pointing at the instruction
+/// that should be processed next by the reassociation pass.
+/// Also add intermediate instructions to the redo list that are modified while
+/// pushing the negates through adds.  These will be revisited to see if
+/// additional opportunities have been exposed.
+static Value *NegateValue(Value *V, Instruction *BI,
+                          ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo) {
+  if (auto *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V)) {
+    const DataLayout &DL = BI->getDataLayout();
+    Constant *Res = C->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy()
+                        ? ConstantFoldUnaryOpOperand(Instruction::FNeg, C, DL)
+                        : ConstantExpr::getNeg(C);
+    if (Res)
+      return Res;
+  }
+
+  // We are trying to expose opportunity for reassociation.  One of the things
+  // that we want to do to achieve this is to push a negation as deep into an
+  // expression chain as possible, to expose the add instructions.  In practice,
+  // this means that we turn this:
+  //   X = -(A+12+C+D)   into    X = -A + -12 + -C + -D = -12 + -A + -C + -D
+  // so that later, a: Y = 12+X could get reassociated with the -12 to eliminate
+  // the constants.  We assume that instcombine will clean up the mess later if
+  // we introduce tons of unnecessary negation instructions.
+  //
+  if (BinaryOperator *I =
+          isReassociableOp(V, Instruction::Add, Instruction::FAdd)) {
+    // Push the negates through the add.
+    I->setOperand(0, NegateValue(I->getOperand(0), BI, ToRedo));
+    I->setOperand(1, NegateValue(I->getOperand(1), BI, ToRedo));
+    if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add) {
+      I->setHasNoUnsignedWrap(false);
+      I->setHasNoSignedWrap(false);
+    }
+
+    // We must move the add instruction here, because the neg instructions do
+    // not dominate the old add instruction in general.  By moving it, we are
+    // assured that the neg instructions we just inserted dominate the
+    // instruction we are about to insert after them.
+    //
+    I->moveBefore(BI->getIterator());
+    I->setName(I->getName()+".neg");
+
+    // Add the intermediate negates to the redo list as processing them later
+    // could expose more reassociating opportunities.
+    ToRedo.insert(I);
+    return I;
+  }
+
+  // Okay, we need to materialize a negated version of V with an instruction.
+  // Scan the use lists of V to see if we have one already.
+  for (User *U : V->users()) {
+    if (!match(U, m_Neg(m_Value())) && !match(U, m_FNeg(m_Value())))
+      continue;
+
+    // We found one!  Now we have to make sure that the definition dominates
+    // this use.  We do this by moving it to the entry block (if it is a
+    // non-instruction value) or right after the definition.  These negates will
+    // be zapped by reassociate later, so we don't need much finesse here.
+    Instruction *TheNeg = dyn_cast<Instruction>(U);
+
+    // We can't safely propagate a vector zero constant with poison/undef lanes.
+    Constant *C;
+    if (match(TheNeg, m_BinOp(m_Constant(C), m_Value())) &&
+        C->containsUndefOrPoisonElement())
+      continue;
+
+    // Verify that the negate is in this function, V might be a constant expr.
+    if (!TheNeg ||
+        TheNeg->getParent()->getParent() != BI->getParent()->getParent())
+      continue;
+
+    BasicBlock::iterator InsertPt;
+    if (Instruction *InstInput = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V)) {
+      auto InsertPtOpt = InstInput->getInsertionPointAfterDef();
+      if (!InsertPtOpt)
+        continue;
+      InsertPt = *InsertPtOpt;
+    } else {
+      InsertPt = TheNeg->getFunction()
+                     ->getEntryBlock()
+                     .getFirstNonPHIOrDbg()
+                     ->getIterator();
+    }
+
+    // Check that if TheNeg is moved out of its parent block, we drop its
+    // debug location to avoid extra coverage.
+    // See test dropping_debugloc_the_neg.ll for a detailed example.
+    if (TheNeg->getParent() != InsertPt->getParent())
+      TheNeg->dropLocation();
+    TheNeg->moveBefore(*InsertPt->getParent(), InsertPt);
+
+    if (TheNeg->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub) {
+      TheNeg->setHasNoUnsignedWrap(false);
+      TheNeg->setHasNoSignedWrap(false);
+    } else {
+      TheNeg->andIRFlags(BI);
+    }
+    ToRedo.insert(TheNeg);
+    return TheNeg;
+  }
+
+  // Insert a 'neg' instruction that subtracts the value from zero to get the
+  // negation.
+  Instruction *NewNeg =
+      CreateNeg(V, V->getName() + ".neg", BI->getIterator(), BI);
+  // NewNeg is generated to potentially replace BI, so use its DebugLoc.
+  NewNeg->setDebugLoc(BI->getDebugLoc());
+  ToRedo.insert(NewNeg);
+  return NewNeg;
+}
+
+// See if this `or` looks like an load widening reduction, i.e. that it
+// consists of an `or`/`shl`/`zext`/`load` nodes only. Note that we don't
+// ensure that the pattern is *really* a load widening reduction,
+// we do not ensure that it can really be replaced with a widened load,
+// only that it mostly looks like one.
+static bool isLoadCombineCandidate(Instruction *Or) {
+  SmallVector<Instruction *, 8> Worklist;
+  SmallPtrSet<Instruction *, 8> Visited;
+
+  auto Enqueue = [&](Value *V) {
+    auto *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V);
+    // Each node of an `or` reduction must be an instruction,
+    if (!I)
+      return false; // Node is certainly not part of an `or` load reduction.
+    // Only process instructions we have never processed before.
+    if (Visited.insert(I).second)
+      Worklist.emplace_back(I);
+    return true; // Will need to look at parent nodes.
+  };
+
+  if (!Enqueue(Or))
+    return false; // Not an `or` reduction pattern.
+
+  while (!Worklist.empty()) {
+    auto *I = Worklist.pop_back_val();
+
+    // Okay, which instruction is this node?
+    switch (I->getOpcode()) {
+    case Instruction::Or:
+      // Got an `or` node. That's fine, just recurse into it's operands.
+      for (Value *Op : I->operands())
+        if (!Enqueue(Op))
+          return false; // Not an `or` reduction pattern.
+      continue;
+
+    case Instruction::Shl:
+    case Instruction::ZExt:
+      // `shl`/`zext` nodes are fine, just recurse into their base operand.
+      if (!Enqueue(I->getOperand(0)))
+        return false; // Not an `or` reduction pattern.
+      continue;
+
+    case Instruction::Load:
+      // Perfect, `load` node means we've reached an edge of the graph.
+      continue;
+
+    default:        // Unknown node.
+      return false; // Not an `or` reduction pattern.
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/// Return true if it may be profitable to convert this (X|Y) into (X+Y).
+static bool shouldConvertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(Instruction *Or) {
+  // Don't bother to convert this up unless either the LHS is an associable add
+  // or subtract or mul or if this is only used by one of the above.
+  // This is only a compile-time improvement, it is not needed for correctness!
+  auto isInteresting = [](Value *V) {
+    for (auto Op : {Instruction::Add, Instruction::Sub, Instruction::Mul,
+                    Instruction::Shl})
+      if (isReassociableOp(V, Op))
         return true;
-    
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-/// Distribute Mul of the form (X+Y)*C into X*C + Y*C.
-/// For the sub case (X-Y)*C, the second term uses -C to avoid
-/// introducing a negation instruction.
-static BinaryOperator *BreakUpDistribute(Instruction *Mul,
-                                         ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo) {
-
-  Instruction *AddSub = cast<Instruction>(Mul->getOperand(0));
-  Constant *C = cast<Constant>(Mul->getOperand(1));
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  if (any_of(Or->operands(), isInteresting))
+    return true;
+
+  Value *VB = Or->user_back();
+  if (Or->hasOneUse() && isInteresting(VB))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/// If we have (X|Y), and iff X and Y have no common bits set,
+/// transform this into (X+Y) to allow arithmetics reassociation.
+static BinaryOperator *convertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(Instruction *Or) {
+  // Convert an or into an add.
+  BinaryOperator *New = CreateAdd(Or->getOperand(0), Or->getOperand(1), "",
+                                  Or->getIterator(), Or);
+  New->setHasNoSignedWrap();
+  New->setHasNoUnsignedWrap();
+  New->takeName(Or);
+
+  // Everyone now refers to the add instruction.
+  Or->replaceAllUsesWith(New);
+  New->setDebugLoc(Or->getDebugLoc());
+
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Converted or into an add: " << *New << '\n');
+  return New;
+}
+
+/// Return true if Mul is of the form (X+Y)*C or (X-Y)*C where C is a
+/// constant, and there exists a sibling instruction of the form X*C' or Y*C'
+/// in the same expression — indicating that distribution followed by
+/// factoring will reduce the instruction count.
+static bool ShouldBreakUpDistribution(Instruction *Mul) {
+  Value *A, *B;
+  if (!match(Mul, m_c_Mul(m_OneUse(m_CombineOr(m_Add(m_Value(A), m_Value(B)),
+                                               m_Sub(m_Value(A), m_Value(B)))),
+                          m_ImmConstant())))
+    return false;
+
+  auto *MulUser = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Mul->user_back());
+  // The parent MUST be an Add or Sub to ensure the tree is flattened
+  if (!MulUser || (MulUser->getOpcode() != Instruction::Add &&
+                   MulUser->getOpcode() != Instruction::Sub))
+    return false;
+
+  for (Value *Sibling : MulUser->operands()) {
+    if (Sibling == Mul || !Sibling->hasOneUse())
+      continue;
+
+    // Sibling must be NonConst * C'.
+    Value *SibNC;
+    if (match(Sibling, m_Mul(m_Value(SibNC), m_Constant())) &&
+        (SibNC == A || SibNC == B) && !isa<Constant>(SibNC))
+        return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/// Distribute Mul of the form (X+Y)*C into X*C + Y*C.
+/// For the sub case (X-Y)*C, the second term uses -C to avoid
+/// introducing a negation instruction.
+static BinaryOperator *BreakUpDistribute(Instruction *Mul,
+                                         ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo) {
+
+  Instruction *AddSub = cast<Instruction>(Mul->getOperand(0));
+  Constant *C = cast<Constant>(Mul->getOperand(1));
   Constant *C2 = AddSub->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub
-                     ? cast<Constant>(ConstantExpr::getNeg(C))
-                     : C;
-
-  BinaryOperator *M1 =
-      BinaryOperator::CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(0), C, "Mul1", Mul->getIterator());
-  BinaryOperator *M2 =
-      BinaryOperator::CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(1), C2, "Mul2", Mul->getIterator());
-  BinaryOperator *Result;
-  Result = BinaryOperator::CreateAdd(M1, M2, "DistAdd", Mul->getIterator());
-
-  Mul->replaceAllUsesWith(Result);
-  Result->setDebugLoc(Mul->getDebugLoc());
-
-  ToRedo.insert(M1);
-  ToRedo.insert(M2);
-  ToRedo.insert(Result);
-
-  return Result;
-}
-
-/// Return true if we should break up this subtract of X-Y into (X + -Y).
-static bool ShouldBreakUpSubtract(Instruction *Sub) {
-  // If this is a negation, we can't split it up!
-  if (match(Sub, m_Neg(m_Value())) || match(Sub, m_FNeg(m_Value()))) 
-    return false;
-
-  // Don't breakup X - undef.
-  if (isa<UndefValue>(Sub->getOperand(1)))
-    return false;
-
-  // Don't bother to break this up unless either the LHS is an associable add or
-  // subtract or if this is only used by one.
-  Value *V0 = Sub->getOperand(0);
-  if (isReassociableOp(V0, Instruction::Add, Instruction::FAdd) ||
-      isReassociableOp(V0, Instruction::Sub, Instruction::FSub))
-    return true;
-  Value *V1 = Sub->getOperand(1);
-  if (isReassociableOp(V1, Instruction::Add, Instruction::FAdd) ||
-      isReassociableOp(V1, Instruction::Sub, Instruction::FSub))
-    return true;
-  Value *VB = Sub->user_back();
-  if (Sub->hasOneUse() &&
-      (isReassociableOp(VB, Instruction::Add, Instruction::FAdd) ||
-       isReassociableOp(VB, Instruction::Sub, Instruction::FSub)))
-    return true;
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-/// If we have (X-Y), and if either X is an add, or if this is only used by an
-/// add, transform this into (X+(0-Y)) to promote better reassociation.
-static BinaryOperator *BreakUpSubtract(Instruction *Sub,
-                                       ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo) {
-  // Convert a subtract into an add and a neg instruction. This allows sub
-  // instructions to be commuted with other add instructions.
-  //
-  // Calculate the negative value of Operand 1 of the sub instruction,
-  // and set it as the RHS of the add instruction we just made.
-  Value *NegVal = NegateValue(Sub->getOperand(1), Sub, ToRedo);
-  BinaryOperator *New =
-      CreateAdd(Sub->getOperand(0), NegVal, "", Sub->getIterator(), Sub);
-  Sub->setOperand(0, Constant::getNullValue(Sub->getType())); // Drop use of op.
-  Sub->setOperand(1, Constant::getNullValue(Sub->getType())); // Drop use of op.
-  New->takeName(Sub);
-
-  // Everyone now refers to the add instruction.
-  Sub->replaceAllUsesWith(New);
-  New->setDebugLoc(Sub->getDebugLoc());
-
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Negated: " << *New << '\n');
-  return New;
-}
-
-/// If this is a shift of a reassociable multiply or is used by one, change
-/// this into a multiply by a constant to assist with further reassociation.
-static BinaryOperator *ConvertShiftToMul(Instruction *Shl) {
-  Constant *MulCst = ConstantInt::get(Shl->getType(), 1);
-  auto *SA = cast<ConstantInt>(Shl->getOperand(1));
-  MulCst = ConstantFoldBinaryInstruction(Instruction::Shl, MulCst, SA);
-  assert(MulCst && "Constant folding of immediate constants failed");
-
-  BinaryOperator *Mul = BinaryOperator::CreateMul(Shl->getOperand(0), MulCst,
-                                                  "", Shl->getIterator());
-  Shl->setOperand(0, PoisonValue::get(Shl->getType())); // Drop use of op.
-  Mul->takeName(Shl);
-
-  // Everyone now refers to the mul instruction.
-  Shl->replaceAllUsesWith(Mul);
-  Mul->setDebugLoc(Shl->getDebugLoc());
-
-  // We can safely preserve the nuw flag in all cases.  It's also safe to turn a
-  // nuw nsw shl into a nuw nsw mul.  However, nsw in isolation requires special
-  // handling.  It can be preserved as long as we're not left shifting by
-  // bitwidth - 1.
-  bool NSW = cast<BinaryOperator>(Shl)->hasNoSignedWrap();
-  bool NUW = cast<BinaryOperator>(Shl)->hasNoUnsignedWrap();
-  unsigned BitWidth = Shl->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
-  if (NSW && (NUW || SA->getValue().ult(BitWidth - 1)))
-    Mul->setHasNoSignedWrap(true);
-  Mul->setHasNoUnsignedWrap(NUW);
-  return Mul;
-}
-
-/// Scan backwards and forwards among values with the same rank as element i
-/// to see if X exists.  If X does not exist, return i.  This is useful when
-/// scanning for 'x' when we see '-x' because they both get the same rank.
-static unsigned FindInOperandList(const SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops,
-                                  unsigned i, Value *X) {
-  unsigned XRank = Ops[i].Rank;
-  unsigned e = Ops.size();
-  for (unsigned j = i+1; j != e && Ops[j].Rank == XRank; ++j) {
-    if (Ops[j].Op == X)
-      return j;
-    if (Instruction *I1 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Ops[j].Op))
-      if (Instruction *I2 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(X))
-        if (I1->isIdenticalTo(I2))
-          return j;
-  }
-  // Scan backwards.
-  for (unsigned j = i-1; j != ~0U && Ops[j].Rank == XRank; --j) {
-    if (Ops[j].Op == X)
-      return j;
-    if (Instruction *I1 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Ops[j].Op))
-      if (Instruction *I2 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(X))
-        if (I1->isIdenticalTo(I2))
-          return j;
-  }
-  return i;
-}
-
-/// Emit a tree of add instructions, summing Ops together
-/// and returning the result.  Insert the tree before I.
-static Value *EmitAddTreeOfValues(Instruction *I,
-                                  SmallVectorImpl<WeakTrackingVH> &Ops) {
-  if (Ops.size() == 1) return Ops.back();
-
-  Value *V1 = Ops.pop_back_val();
-  Value *V2 = EmitAddTreeOfValues(I, Ops);
-  auto *NewAdd = CreateAdd(V2, V1, "reass.add", I->getIterator(), I);
-  NewAdd->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
-  return NewAdd;
-}
-
-/// If V is an expression tree that is a multiplication sequence,
-/// and if this sequence contains a multiply by Factor,
-/// remove Factor from the tree and return the new tree.
-/// If new instructions are inserted to generate this tree, DL should be used
-/// as the DebugLoc for these instructions.
-Value *ReassociatePass::RemoveFactorFromExpression(Value *V, Value *Factor,
-                                                   DebugLoc DL) {
-  BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(V, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
-  if (!BO)
-    return nullptr;
-
-  SmallVector<RepeatedValue, 8> Tree;
-  OverflowTracking Flags;
-  MadeChange |= LinearizeExprTree(BO, Tree, RedoInsts, Flags);
-  SmallVector<ValueEntry, 8> Factors;
-  Factors.reserve(Tree.size());
-  for (const RepeatedValue &E : Tree)
-    Factors.append(E.second, ValueEntry(getRank(E.first), E.first));
-
-  bool FoundFactor = false;
-  bool NeedsNegate = false;
-  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Factors.size(); i != e; ++i) {
-    if (Factors[i].Op == Factor) {
-      FoundFactor = true;
-      Factors.erase(Factors.begin()+i);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // If this is a negative version of this factor, remove it.
-    if (ConstantInt *FC1 = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Factor)) {
-      if (ConstantInt *FC2 = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Factors[i].Op))
-        if (FC1->getValue() == -FC2->getValue()) {
-          FoundFactor = NeedsNegate = true;
-          Factors.erase(Factors.begin()+i);
-          break;
-        }
-    } else if (ConstantFP *FC1 = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Factor)) {
-      if (ConstantFP *FC2 = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Factors[i].Op)) {
-        const APFloat &F1 = FC1->getValueAPF();
-        APFloat F2(FC2->getValueAPF());
-        F2.changeSign();
-        if (F1 == F2) {
-          FoundFactor = NeedsNegate = true;
-          Factors.erase(Factors.begin() + i);
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!FoundFactor) {
-    // Make sure to restore the operands to the expression tree.
-    RewriteExprTree(BO, Factors, Flags);
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  BasicBlock::iterator InsertPt = ++BO->getIterator();
-
-  // If this was just a single multiply, remove the multiply and return the only
-  // remaining operand.
-  if (Factors.size() == 1) {
-    RedoInsts.insert(BO);
-    V = Factors[0].Op;
-  } else {
-    RewriteExprTree(BO, Factors, Flags);
-    V = BO;
-  }
-
-  if (NeedsNegate) {
-    V = CreateNeg(V, "neg", InsertPt, BO);
-    cast<Instruction>(V)->setDebugLoc(DL);
-  }
-
-  return V;
-}
-
-/// If V is a single-use multiply, recursively add its operands as factors,
-/// otherwise add V to the list of factors.
-///
-/// Ops is the top-level list of add operands we're trying to factor.
-static void FindSingleUseMultiplyFactors(Value *V,
-                                         SmallVectorImpl<Value*> &Factors) {
-  BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(V, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
-  if (!BO) {
-    Factors.push_back(V);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Otherwise, add the LHS and RHS to the list of factors.
-  FindSingleUseMultiplyFactors(BO->getOperand(1), Factors);
-  FindSingleUseMultiplyFactors(BO->getOperand(0), Factors);
-}
-
-/// Optimize a series of operands to an 'and', 'or', or 'xor' instruction.
-/// This optimizes based on identities.  If it can be reduced to a single Value,
-/// it is returned, otherwise the Ops list is mutated as necessary.
-static Value *OptimizeAndOrXor(unsigned Opcode,
-                               SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
-  // Scan the operand lists looking for X and ~X pairs, along with X,X pairs.
-  // If we find any, we can simplify the expression. X&~X == 0, X|~X == -1.
-  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Ops.size(); i != e; ++i) {
-    // First, check for X and ~X in the operand list.
-    assert(i < Ops.size());
-    Value *X;
-    if (match(Ops[i].Op, m_Not(m_Value(X)))) {    // Cannot occur for ^.
-      unsigned FoundX = FindInOperandList(Ops, i, X);
-      if (FoundX != i) {
-        if (Opcode == Instruction::And)   // ...&X&~X = 0
-          return Constant::getNullValue(X->getType());
-
-        if (Opcode == Instruction::Or)    // ...|X|~X = -1
-          return Constant::getAllOnesValue(X->getType());
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Next, check for duplicate pairs of values, which we assume are next to
-    // each other, due to our sorting criteria.
-    assert(i < Ops.size());
-    if (i+1 != Ops.size() && Ops[i+1].Op == Ops[i].Op) {
-      if (Opcode == Instruction::And || Opcode == Instruction::Or) {
-        // Drop duplicate values for And and Or.
-        Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+i);
-        --i; --e;
-        ++NumAnnihil;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      // Drop pairs of values for Xor.
-      assert(Opcode == Instruction::Xor);
-      if (e == 2)
-        return Constant::getNullValue(Ops[0].Op->getType());
-
-      // Y ^ X^X -> Y
-      Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+i, Ops.begin()+i+2);
-      i -= 1; e -= 2;
-      ++NumAnnihil;
-    }
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-/// Helper function of CombineXorOpnd(). It creates a bitwise-and
-/// instruction with the given two operands, and return the resulting
-/// instruction. There are two special cases: 1) if the constant operand is 0,
-/// it will return NULL. 2) if the constant is ~0, the symbolic operand will
-/// be returned.
-static Value *createAndInstr(BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore, Value *Opnd,
-                             const APInt &ConstOpnd) {
-  if (ConstOpnd.isZero())
-    return nullptr;
-
-  if (ConstOpnd.isAllOnes())
-    return Opnd;
-
-  Instruction *I = BinaryOperator::CreateAnd(
-      Opnd, ConstantInt::get(Opnd->getType(), ConstOpnd), "and.ra",
-      InsertBefore);
-  I->setDebugLoc(InsertBefore->getDebugLoc());
-  return I;
-}
-
-// Helper function of OptimizeXor(). It tries to simplify "Opnd1 ^ ConstOpnd"
-// into "R ^ C", where C would be 0, and R is a symbolic value.
-//
-// If it was successful, true is returned, and the "R" and "C" is returned
-// via "Res" and "ConstOpnd", respectively; otherwise, false is returned,
-// and both "Res" and "ConstOpnd" remain unchanged.
-bool ReassociatePass::CombineXorOpnd(BasicBlock::iterator It, XorOpnd *Opnd1,
-                                     APInt &ConstOpnd, Value *&Res) {
-  // Xor-Rule 1: (x | c1) ^ c2 = (x | c1) ^ (c1 ^ c1) ^ c2
-  //                       = ((x | c1) ^ c1) ^ (c1 ^ c2)
-  //                       = (x & ~c1) ^ (c1 ^ c2)
-  // It is useful only when c1 == c2.
-  if (!Opnd1->isOrExpr() || Opnd1->getConstPart().isZero())
-    return false;
-
-  if (!Opnd1->getValue()->hasOneUse())
-    return false;
-
-  const APInt &C1 = Opnd1->getConstPart();
-  if (C1 != ConstOpnd)
-    return false;
-
-  Value *X = Opnd1->getSymbolicPart();
-  Res = createAndInstr(It, X, ~C1);
-  // ConstOpnd was C2, now C1 ^ C2.
-  ConstOpnd ^= C1;
-
-  if (Instruction *T = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Opnd1->getValue()))
-    RedoInsts.insert(T);
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Helper function of OptimizeXor(). It tries to simplify
-// "Opnd1 ^ Opnd2 ^ ConstOpnd" into "R ^ C", where C would be 0, and R is a
-// symbolic value.
-//
-// If it was successful, true is returned, and the "R" and "C" is returned
-// via "Res" and "ConstOpnd", respectively (If the entire expression is
-// evaluated to a constant, the Res is set to NULL); otherwise, false is
-// returned, and both "Res" and "ConstOpnd" remain unchanged.
-bool ReassociatePass::CombineXorOpnd(BasicBlock::iterator It, XorOpnd *Opnd1,
-                                     XorOpnd *Opnd2, APInt &ConstOpnd,
-                                     Value *&Res) {
-  Value *X = Opnd1->getSymbolicPart();
-  if (X != Opnd2->getSymbolicPart())
-    return false;
-
-  // This many instruction become dead.(At least "Opnd1 ^ Opnd2" will die.)
-  int DeadInstNum = 1;
-  if (Opnd1->getValue()->hasOneUse())
-    DeadInstNum++;
-  if (Opnd2->getValue()->hasOneUse())
-    DeadInstNum++;
-
-  // Xor-Rule 2:
-  //  (x | c1) ^ (x & c2)
-  //   = (x|c1) ^ (x&c2) ^ (c1 ^ c1) = ((x|c1) ^ c1) ^ (x & c2) ^ c1
-  //   = (x & ~c1) ^ (x & c2) ^ c1               // Xor-Rule 1
-  //   = (x & c3) ^ c1, where c3 = ~c1 ^ c2      // Xor-rule 3
-  //
-  if (Opnd1->isOrExpr() != Opnd2->isOrExpr()) {
-    if (Opnd2->isOrExpr())
-      std::swap(Opnd1, Opnd2);
-
-    const APInt &C1 = Opnd1->getConstPart();
-    const APInt &C2 = Opnd2->getConstPart();
-    APInt C3((~C1) ^ C2);
-
-    // Do not increase code size!
-    if (!C3.isZero() && !C3.isAllOnes()) {
-      int NewInstNum = ConstOpnd.getBoolValue() ? 1 : 2;
-      if (NewInstNum > DeadInstNum)
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    Res = createAndInstr(It, X, C3);
-    ConstOpnd ^= C1;
-  } else if (Opnd1->isOrExpr()) {
-    // Xor-Rule 3: (x | c1) ^ (x | c2) = (x & c3) ^ c3 where c3 = c1 ^ c2
-    //
-    const APInt &C1 = Opnd1->getConstPart();
-    const APInt &C2 = Opnd2->getConstPart();
-    APInt C3 = C1 ^ C2;
-
-    // Do not increase code size
-    if (!C3.isZero() && !C3.isAllOnes()) {
-      int NewInstNum = ConstOpnd.getBoolValue() ? 1 : 2;
-      if (NewInstNum > DeadInstNum)
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    Res = createAndInstr(It, X, C3);
-    ConstOpnd ^= C3;
-  } else {
-    // Xor-Rule 4: (x & c1) ^ (x & c2) = (x & (c1^c2))
-    //
-    const APInt &C1 = Opnd1->getConstPart();
-    const APInt &C2 = Opnd2->getConstPart();
-    APInt C3 = C1 ^ C2;
-    Res = createAndInstr(It, X, C3);
-  }
-
-  // Put the original operands in the Redo list; hope they will be deleted
-  // as dead code.
-  if (Instruction *T = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Opnd1->getValue()))
-    RedoInsts.insert(T);
-  if (Instruction *T = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Opnd2->getValue()))
-    RedoInsts.insert(T);
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-/// Optimize a series of operands to an 'xor' instruction. If it can be reduced
-/// to a single Value, it is returned, otherwise the Ops list is mutated as
-/// necessary.
-Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeXor(Instruction *I,
-                                    SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
-  if (Value *V = OptimizeAndOrXor(Instruction::Xor, Ops))
-    return V;
-
-  if (Ops.size() == 1)
-    return nullptr;
-
-  SmallVector<XorOpnd, 8> Opnds;
-  SmallVector<XorOpnd*, 8> OpndPtrs;
-  Type *Ty = Ops[0].Op->getType();
-  APInt ConstOpnd(Ty->getScalarSizeInBits(), 0);
-
-  // Step 1: Convert ValueEntry to XorOpnd
-  for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops) {
-    Value *V = Op.Op;
-    const APInt *C;
-    // TODO: Support non-splat vectors.
-    if (match(V, m_APInt(C))) {
-      ConstOpnd ^= *C;
-    } else {
-      XorOpnd O(V);
-      O.setSymbolicRank(getRank(O.getSymbolicPart()));
-      Opnds.push_back(O);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // NOTE: From this point on, do *NOT* add/delete element to/from "Opnds".
-  //  It would otherwise invalidate the "Opnds"'s iterator, and hence invalidate
-  //  the "OpndPtrs" as well. For the similar reason, do not fuse this loop
-  //  with the previous loop --- the iterator of the "Opnds" may be invalidated
-  //  when new elements are added to the vector.
-  for (XorOpnd &Op : Opnds)
-    OpndPtrs.push_back(&Op);
-
-  // Step 2: Sort the Xor-Operands in a way such that the operands containing
-  //  the same symbolic value cluster together. For instance, the input operand
-  //  sequence ("x | 123", "y & 456", "x & 789") will be sorted into:
-  //  ("x | 123", "x & 789", "y & 456").
-  //
-  //  The purpose is twofold:
-  //  1) Cluster together the operands sharing the same symbolic-value.
-  //  2) Operand having smaller symbolic-value-rank is permuted earlier, which
-  //     could potentially shorten crital path, and expose more loop-invariants.
-  //     Note that values' rank are basically defined in RPO order (FIXME).
-  //     So, if Rank(X) < Rank(Y) < Rank(Z), it means X is defined earlier
-  //     than Y which is defined earlier than Z. Permute "x | 1", "Y & 2",
-  //     "z" in the order of X-Y-Z is better than any other orders.
-  llvm::stable_sort(OpndPtrs, [](XorOpnd *LHS, XorOpnd *RHS) {
-    return LHS->getSymbolicRank() < RHS->getSymbolicRank();
-  });
-
-  // Step 3: Combine adjacent operands
-  XorOpnd *PrevOpnd = nullptr;
-  bool Changed = false;
-  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Opnds.size(); i < e; i++) {
-    XorOpnd *CurrOpnd = OpndPtrs[i];
-    // The combined value
-    Value *CV;
-
-    // Step 3.1: Try simplifying "CurrOpnd ^ ConstOpnd"
-    if (!ConstOpnd.isZero() &&
-        CombineXorOpnd(I->getIterator(), CurrOpnd, ConstOpnd, CV)) {
-      Changed = true;
-      if (CV)
-        *CurrOpnd = XorOpnd(CV);
-      else {
-        CurrOpnd->Invalidate();
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!PrevOpnd || CurrOpnd->getSymbolicPart() != PrevOpnd->getSymbolicPart()) {
-      PrevOpnd = CurrOpnd;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // step 3.2: When previous and current operands share the same symbolic
-    //  value, try to simplify "PrevOpnd ^ CurrOpnd ^ ConstOpnd"
-    if (CombineXorOpnd(I->getIterator(), CurrOpnd, PrevOpnd, ConstOpnd, CV)) {
-      // Remove previous operand
-      PrevOpnd->Invalidate();
-      if (CV) {
-        *CurrOpnd = XorOpnd(CV);
-        PrevOpnd = CurrOpnd;
-      } else {
-        CurrOpnd->Invalidate();
-        PrevOpnd = nullptr;
-      }
-      Changed = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Step 4: Reassemble the Ops
-  if (Changed) {
-    Ops.clear();
-    for (const XorOpnd &O : Opnds) {
-      if (O.isInvalid())
-        continue;
-      ValueEntry VE(getRank(O.getValue()), O.getValue());
-      Ops.push_back(VE);
-    }
-    if (!ConstOpnd.isZero()) {
-      Value *C = ConstantInt::get(Ty, ConstOpnd);
-      ValueEntry VE(getRank(C), C);
-      Ops.push_back(VE);
-    }
-    unsigned Sz = Ops.size();
-    if (Sz == 1)
-      return Ops.back().Op;
-    if (Sz == 0) {
-      assert(ConstOpnd.isZero());
-      return ConstantInt::get(Ty, ConstOpnd);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-/// Optimize a series of operands to an 'add' instruction.  This
-/// optimizes based on identities.  If it can be reduced to a single Value, it
-/// is returned, otherwise the Ops list is mutated as necessary.
-Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
-                                    SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
-  // Scan the operand lists looking for X and -X pairs.  If we find any, we
-  // can simplify expressions like X+-X == 0 and X+~X ==-1.  While we're at it,
-  // scan for any
-  // duplicates.  We want to canonicalize Y+Y+Y+Z -> 3*Y+Z.
-
-  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Ops.size(); i != e; ++i) {
-    Value *TheOp = Ops[i].Op;
-    // Check to see if we've seen this operand before.  If so, we factor all
-    // instances of the operand together.  Due to our sorting criteria, we know
-    // that these need to be next to each other in the vector.
-    if (i+1 != Ops.size() && Ops[i+1].Op == TheOp) {
-      // Rescan the list, remove all instances of this operand from the expr.
-      unsigned NumFound = 0;
-      do {
-        Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+i);
-        ++NumFound;
-      } while (i != Ops.size() && Ops[i].Op == TheOp);
-
-      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nFACTORING [" << NumFound << "]: " << *TheOp
-                        << '\n');
-      ++NumFactor;
-
-      // Insert a new multiply.
-      Type *Ty = TheOp->getType();
-      // Truncate if NumFound overflows the type.
-      Constant *C = Ty->isIntOrIntVectorTy()
-                        ? ConstantInt::get(Ty, NumFound, /*IsSigned=*/false,
-                                           /*ImplicitTrunc=*/true)
-                        : ConstantFP::get(Ty, NumFound);
-      Instruction *Mul = CreateMul(TheOp, C, "factor", I->getIterator(), I);
-      Mul->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
-
-      // Now that we have inserted a multiply, optimize it. This allows us to
-      // handle cases that require multiple factoring steps, such as this:
-      // (X*2) + (X*2) + (X*2) -> (X*2)*3 -> X*6
-      RedoInsts.insert(Mul);
-
-      // If every add operand was a duplicate, return the multiply.
-      if (Ops.empty())
-        return Mul;
-
-      // Otherwise, we had some input that didn't have the dupe, such as
-      // "A + A + B" -> "A*2 + B".  Add the new multiply to the list of
-      // things being added by this operation.
-      Ops.insert(Ops.begin(), ValueEntry(getRank(Mul), Mul));
-
-      --i;
-      e = Ops.size();
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // Check for X and -X or X and ~X in the operand list.
-    Value *X;
-    if (!match(TheOp, m_Neg(m_Value(X))) && !match(TheOp, m_Not(m_Value(X))) &&
-        !match(TheOp, m_FNeg(m_Value(X))))
-      continue;
-
-    unsigned FoundX = FindInOperandList(Ops, i, X);
-    if (FoundX == i)
-      continue;
-
-    // Remove X and -X from the operand list.
-    if (Ops.size() == 2 &&
-        (match(TheOp, m_Neg(m_Value())) || match(TheOp, m_FNeg(m_Value()))))
-      return Constant::getNullValue(X->getType());
-
-    // Remove X and ~X from the operand list.
-    if (Ops.size() == 2 && match(TheOp, m_Not(m_Value())))
-      return Constant::getAllOnesValue(X->getType());
-
-    Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+i);
-    if (i < FoundX)
-      --FoundX;
-    else
-      --i;   // Need to back up an extra one.
-    Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+FoundX);
-    ++NumAnnihil;
-    --i;     // Revisit element.
-    e -= 2;  // Removed two elements.
-
-    // if X and ~X we append -1 to the operand list.
-    if (match(TheOp, m_Not(m_Value()))) {
-      Value *V = Constant::getAllOnesValue(X->getType());
-      Ops.insert(Ops.end(), ValueEntry(getRank(V), V));
-      e += 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Scan the operand list, checking to see if there are any common factors
-  // between operands.  Consider something like A*A+A*B*C+D.  We would like to
-  // reassociate this to A*(A+B*C)+D, which reduces the number of multiplies.
-  // To efficiently find this, we count the number of times a factor occurs
-  // for any ADD operands that are MULs.
-  DenseMap<Value*, unsigned> FactorOccurrences;
-
-  // Keep track of each multiply we see, to avoid triggering on (X*4)+(X*4)
-  // where they are actually the same multiply.
-  unsigned MaxOcc = 0;
-  Value *MaxOccVal = nullptr;
-
-  // Prefer a non-constant factor over a constant when occurrence counts
-  // tie. Factoring out a variable (e.g., X from X*C1 + X*C2) exposes
-  // downstream constant folding; factoring out a constant does not.
-  auto IsBetterFactor = [](Value *Factor, Value *MaxOccVal, unsigned Occ,
-                           unsigned MaxOcc) {
-    return Occ > MaxOcc ||
-           (Occ == MaxOcc &&
-            (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
-            isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal));
-  };
-  for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops) {
-    BinaryOperator *BOp =
-        isReassociableOp(Op.Op, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
-    if (!BOp)
-      continue;
-
-    // Compute all of the factors of this added value.
-    SmallVector<Value*, 8> Factors;
-    FindSingleUseMultiplyFactors(BOp, Factors);
-    assert(Factors.size() > 1 && "Bad linearize!");
-
-    // Add one to FactorOccurrences for each unique factor in this op.
-    SmallPtrSet<Value*, 8> Duplicates;
-    for (Value *Factor : Factors) {
-      if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
-        continue;
-
-      unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-      if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
-        MaxOcc = Occ;
-        MaxOccVal = Factor;
-      }
-
-      // If Factor is a negative constant, add the negated value as a factor
-      // because we can percolate the negate out.  Watch for minint, which
-      // cannot be positivified.
-      if (ConstantInt *CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Factor)) {
-        if (CI->isNegative() && !CI->isMinValue(true)) {
-          Factor = ConstantInt::get(CI->getContext(), -CI->getValue());
-          if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
-            continue;
-          unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-          if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
-            MaxOcc = Occ;
-            MaxOccVal = Factor;
-          }
-        }
-      } else if (ConstantFP *CF = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Factor)) {
-        if (CF->isNegative()) {
-          APFloat F(CF->getValueAPF());
-          F.changeSign();
-          Factor = ConstantFP::get(CF->getType(), F);
-          if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
-            continue;
-          unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
-          if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
-            MaxOcc = Occ;
-            MaxOccVal = Factor;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // If any factor occurred more than one time, we can pull it out.
-  if (MaxOcc > 1) {
-    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nFACTORING [" << MaxOcc << "]: " << *MaxOccVal
-                      << '\n');
-    ++NumFactor;
-
-    // Create a new instruction that uses the MaxOccVal twice.  If we don't do
-    // this, we could otherwise run into situations where removing a factor
-    // from an expression will drop a use of maxocc, and this can cause
-    // RemoveFactorFromExpression on successive values to behave differently.
-    Instruction *DummyInst =
-        I->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy()
-            ? BinaryOperator::CreateAdd(MaxOccVal, MaxOccVal)
-            : BinaryOperator::CreateFAdd(MaxOccVal, MaxOccVal);
-
-    SmallVector<WeakTrackingVH, 4> NewMulOps;
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i != Ops.size(); ++i) {
-      // Only try to remove factors from expressions we're allowed to.
-      BinaryOperator *BOp =
-          isReassociableOp(Ops[i].Op, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
-      if (!BOp)
-        continue;
-
-      if (Value *V = RemoveFactorFromExpression(Ops[i].Op, MaxOccVal,
-                                                I->getDebugLoc())) {
-        // The factorized operand may occur several times.  Convert them all in
-        // one fell swoop.
-        for (unsigned j = Ops.size(); j != i;) {
-          --j;
-          if (Ops[j].Op == Ops[i].Op) {
-            NewMulOps.push_back(V);
-            Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+j);
-          }
-        }
-        --i;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // No need for extra uses anymore.
-    DummyInst->deleteValue();
-
-    unsigned NumAddedValues = NewMulOps.size();
-    Value *V = EmitAddTreeOfValues(I, NewMulOps);
-
-    // Now that we have inserted the add tree, optimize it. This allows us to
-    // handle cases that require multiple factoring steps, such as this:
-    // A*A*B + A*A*C   -->   A*(A*B+A*C)   -->   A*(A*(B+C))
-    assert(NumAddedValues > 1 && "Each occurrence should contribute a value");
-    (void)NumAddedValues;
-    if (Instruction *VI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V))
-      RedoInsts.insert(VI);
-
-    // Create the multiply.
-    Instruction *V2 = CreateMul(V, MaxOccVal, "reass.mul", I->getIterator(), I);
-    V2->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
-
-    // Rerun associate on the multiply in case the inner expression turned into
-    // a multiply.  We want to make sure that we keep things in canonical form.
-    RedoInsts.insert(V2);
-
-    // If every add operand included the factor (e.g. "A*B + A*C"), then the
-    // entire result expression is just the multiply "A*(B+C)".
-    if (Ops.empty())
-      return V2;
-
-    // Otherwise, we had some input that didn't have the factor, such as
-    // "A*B + A*C + D" -> "A*(B+C) + D".  Add the new multiply to the list of
-    // things being added by this operation.
-    Ops.insert(Ops.begin(), ValueEntry(getRank(V2), V2));
-  }
-
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-/// Build up a vector of value/power pairs factoring a product.
-///
-/// Given a series of multiplication operands, build a vector of factors and
-/// the powers each is raised to when forming the final product. Sort them in
-/// the order of descending power.
-///
-///      (x*x)          -> [(x, 2)]
-///     ((x*x)*x)       -> [(x, 3)]
-///   ((((x*y)*x)*y)*x) -> [(x, 3), (y, 2)]
-///
-/// \returns Whether any factors have a power greater than one.
-static bool collectMultiplyFactors(SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops,
-                                   SmallVectorImpl<Factor> &Factors) {
-  // FIXME: Have Ops be (ValueEntry, Multiplicity) pairs, simplifying this.
-  // Compute the sum of powers of simplifiable factors.
-  unsigned FactorPowerSum = 0;
-  for (unsigned Idx = 1, Size = Ops.size(); Idx < Size; ++Idx) {
-    Value *Op = Ops[Idx-1].Op;
-
-    // Count the number of occurrences of this value.
-    unsigned Count = 1;
-    for (; Idx < Size && Ops[Idx].Op == Op; ++Idx)
-      ++Count;
-    // Track for simplification all factors which occur 2 or more times.
-    if (Count > 1)
-      FactorPowerSum += Count;
-  }
-
-  // We can only simplify factors if the sum of the powers of our simplifiable
-  // factors is 4 or higher. When that is the case, we will *always* have
-  // a simplification. This is an important invariant to prevent cyclicly
-  // trying to simplify already minimal formations.
-  if (FactorPowerSum < 4)
-    return false;
-
-  // Now gather the simplifiable factors, removing them from Ops.
-  FactorPowerSum = 0;
-  for (unsigned Idx = 1; Idx < Ops.size(); ++Idx) {
-    Value *Op = Ops[Idx-1].Op;
-
-    // Count the number of occurrences of this value.
-    unsigned Count = 1;
-    for (; Idx < Ops.size() && Ops[Idx].Op == Op; ++Idx)
-      ++Count;
-    if (Count == 1)
-      continue;
-    // Move an even number of occurrences to Factors.
-    Count &= ~1U;
-    Idx -= Count;
-    FactorPowerSum += Count;
-    Factors.push_back(Factor(Op, Count));
-    Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+Idx, Ops.begin()+Idx+Count);
-  }
-
-  // None of the adjustments above should have reduced the sum of factor powers
-  // below our mininum of '4'.
-  assert(FactorPowerSum >= 4);
-
-  llvm::stable_sort(Factors, [](const Factor &LHS, const Factor &RHS) {
-    return LHS.Power > RHS.Power;
-  });
-  return true;
-}
-
-/// Build a tree of multiplies, computing the product of Ops.
-static Value *buildMultiplyTree(IRBuilderBase &Builder,
-                                SmallVectorImpl<Value*> &Ops) {
-  if (Ops.size() == 1)
-    return Ops.back();
-
-  Value *LHS = Ops.pop_back_val();
-  do {
-    if (LHS->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
-      LHS = Builder.CreateMul(LHS, Ops.pop_back_val());
-    else
-      LHS = Builder.CreateFMul(LHS, Ops.pop_back_val());
-  } while (!Ops.empty());
-
-  return LHS;
-}
-
-/// Build a minimal multiplication DAG for (a^x)*(b^y)*(c^z)*...
-///
-/// Given a vector of values raised to various powers, where no two values are
-/// equal and the powers are sorted in decreasing order, compute the minimal
-/// DAG of multiplies to compute the final product, and return that product
-/// value.
-Value *
-ReassociatePass::buildMinimalMultiplyDAG(IRBuilderBase &Builder,
-                                         SmallVectorImpl<Factor> &Factors) {
-  assert(Factors[0].Power);
-  SmallVector<Value *, 4> OuterProduct;
-  for (unsigned LastIdx = 0, Idx = 1, Size = Factors.size();
-       Idx < Size && Factors[Idx].Power > 0; ++Idx) {
-    if (Factors[Idx].Power != Factors[LastIdx].Power) {
-      LastIdx = Idx;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // We want to multiply across all the factors with the same power so that
-    // we can raise them to that power as a single entity. Build a mini tree
-    // for that.
-    SmallVector<Value *, 4> InnerProduct;
-    InnerProduct.push_back(Factors[LastIdx].Base);
-    do {
-      InnerProduct.push_back(Factors[Idx].Base);
-      ++Idx;
-    } while (Idx < Size && Factors[Idx].Power == Factors[LastIdx].Power);
-
-    // Reset the base value of the first factor to the new expression tree.
-    // We'll remove all the factors with the same power in a second pass.
-    Value *M = Factors[LastIdx].Base = buildMultiplyTree(Builder, InnerProduct);
-    if (Instruction *MI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(M))
-      RedoInsts.insert(MI);
-
-    LastIdx = Idx;
-  }
-  // Unique factors with equal powers -- we've folded them into the first one's
-  // base.
-  Factors.erase(llvm::unique(Factors,
-                             [](const Factor &LHS, const Factor &RHS) {
-                               return LHS.Power == RHS.Power;
-                             }),
-                Factors.end());
-
-  // Iteratively collect the base of each factor with an add power into the
-  // outer product, and halve each power in preparation for squaring the
-  // expression.
-  for (Factor &F : Factors) {
-    if (F.Power & 1)
-      OuterProduct.push_back(F.Base);
-    F.Power >>= 1;
-  }
-  if (Factors[0].Power) {
-    Value *SquareRoot = buildMinimalMultiplyDAG(Builder, Factors);
-    OuterProduct.push_back(SquareRoot);
-    OuterProduct.push_back(SquareRoot);
-  }
-  if (OuterProduct.size() == 1)
-    return OuterProduct.front();
-
-  Value *V = buildMultiplyTree(Builder, OuterProduct);
-  return V;
-}
-
-Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeMul(BinaryOperator *I,
-                                    SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
-  // We can only optimize the multiplies when there is a chain of more than
-  // three, such that a balanced tree might require fewer total multiplies.
-  if (Ops.size() < 4)
-    return nullptr;
-
-  // Try to turn linear trees of multiplies without other uses of the
-  // intermediate stages into minimal multiply DAGs with perfect sub-expression
-  // re-use.
-  SmallVector<Factor, 4> Factors;
-  if (!collectMultiplyFactors(Ops, Factors))
-    return nullptr; // All distinct factors, so nothing left for us to do.
-
-  IRBuilder<> Builder(I);
-  // The reassociate transformation for FP operations is performed only
-  // if unsafe algebra is permitted by FastMathFlags. Propagate those flags
-  // to the newly generated operations.
-  if (auto FPI = dyn_cast<FPMathOperator>(I))
-    Builder.setFastMathFlags(FPI->getFastMathFlags());
-
-  Value *V = buildMinimalMultiplyDAG(Builder, Factors);
-  if (Ops.empty())
-    return V;
-
-  ValueEntry NewEntry = ValueEntry(getRank(V), V);
-  Ops.insert(llvm::lower_bound(Ops, NewEntry), NewEntry);
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeExpression(BinaryOperator *I,
-                                           SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
-  // Now that we have the linearized expression tree, try to optimize it.
-  // Start by folding any constants that we found.
-  const DataLayout &DL = I->getDataLayout();
-  Constant *Cst = nullptr;
-  unsigned Opcode = I->getOpcode();
-  while (!Ops.empty()) {
-    if (auto *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(Ops.back().Op)) {
-      if (!Cst) {
-        Ops.pop_back();
-        Cst = C;
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (Constant *Res = ConstantFoldBinaryOpOperands(Opcode, C, Cst, DL)) {
-        Ops.pop_back();
-        Cst = Res;
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    break;
-  }
-  // If there was nothing but constants then we are done.
-  if (Ops.empty())
-    return Cst;
-
-  // Put the combined constant back at the end of the operand list, except if
-  // there is no point.  For example, an add of 0 gets dropped here, while a
-  // multiplication by zero turns the whole expression into zero.
-  if (Cst && Cst != ConstantExpr::getBinOpIdentity(Opcode, I->getType())) {
-    if (Cst == ConstantExpr::getBinOpAbsorber(Opcode, I->getType()))
-      return Cst;
-    Ops.push_back(ValueEntry(0, Cst));
-  }
-
-  if (Ops.size() == 1) return Ops[0].Op;
-
-  // Handle destructive annihilation due to identities between elements in the
-  // argument list here.
-  unsigned NumOps = Ops.size();
-  switch (Opcode) {
-  default: break;
-  case Instruction::And:
-  case Instruction::Or:
-    if (Value *Result = OptimizeAndOrXor(Opcode, Ops))
-      return Result;
-    break;
-
-  case Instruction::Xor:
-    if (Value *Result = OptimizeXor(I, Ops))
-      return Result;
-    break;
-
-  case Instruction::Add:
-  case Instruction::FAdd:
-    if (Value *Result = OptimizeAdd(I, Ops))
-      return Result;
-    break;
-
-  case Instruction::Mul:
-  case Instruction::FMul:
-    if (Value *Result = OptimizeMul(I, Ops))
-      return Result;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  if (Ops.size() != NumOps)
-    return OptimizeExpression(I, Ops);
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-// Remove dead instructions and if any operands are trivially dead add them to
-// Insts so they will be removed as well.
-void ReassociatePass::RecursivelyEraseDeadInsts(Instruction *I,
-                                                OrderedSet &Insts) {
-  assert(isInstructionTriviallyDead(I) && "Trivially dead instructions only!");
-  SmallVector<Value *, 4> Ops(I->operands());
-  ValueRankMap.erase(I);
-  Insts.remove(I);
-  RedoInsts.remove(I);
-  llvm::salvageDebugInfo(*I);
-  I->eraseFromParent();
-  for (auto *Op : Ops)
-    if (Instruction *OpInst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op))
-      if (OpInst->use_empty())
-        Insts.insert(OpInst);
-}
-
-/// Zap the given instruction, adding interesting operands to the work list.
-void ReassociatePass::EraseInst(Instruction *I) {
-  assert(isInstructionTriviallyDead(I) && "Trivially dead instructions only!");
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Erasing dead inst: "; I->dump());
-
-  SmallVector<Value *, 8> Ops(I->operands());
-  // Erase the dead instruction.
-  ValueRankMap.erase(I);
-  RedoInsts.remove(I);
-  llvm::salvageDebugInfo(*I);
-  I->eraseFromParent();
-  // Optimize its operands.
-  SmallPtrSet<Instruction *, 8> Visited; // Detect self-referential nodes.
-  for (Value *V : Ops)
-    if (Instruction *Op = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V)) {
-      // If this is a node in an expression tree, climb to the expression root
-      // and add that since that's where optimization actually happens.
-      unsigned Opcode = Op->getOpcode();
-      while (Op->hasOneUse() && Op->user_back()->getOpcode() == Opcode &&
-             Visited.insert(Op).second)
-        Op = Op->user_back();
-
-      // The instruction we're going to push may be coming from a
-      // dead block, and Reassociate skips the processing of unreachable
-      // blocks because it's a waste of time and also because it can
-      // lead to infinite loop due to LLVM's non-standard definition
-      // of dominance.
-      if (ValueRankMap.contains(Op))
-        RedoInsts.insert(Op);
-    }
-
-  MadeChange = true;
-}
-
-/// Recursively analyze an expression to build a list of instructions that have
-/// negative floating-point constant operands. The caller can then transform
-/// the list to create positive constants for better reassociation and CSE.
-static void getNegatibleInsts(Value *V,
-                              SmallVectorImpl<Instruction *> &Candidates) {
-  // Handle only one-use instructions. Combining negations does not justify
-  // replicating instructions.
-  Instruction *I;
-  if (!match(V, m_OneUse(m_Instruction(I))))
-    return;
-
-  // Handle expressions of multiplications and divisions.
-  // TODO: This could look through floating-point casts.
-  const APFloat *C;
-  switch (I->getOpcode()) {
-    case Instruction::FMul:
-      // Not expecting non-canonical code here. Bail out and wait.
-      if (match(I->getOperand(0), m_Constant()))
-        break;
-
-      if (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APFloat(C)) && C->isNegative()) {
-        Candidates.push_back(I);
-        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "FMul with negative constant: " << *I << '\n');
-      }
-      getNegatibleInsts(I->getOperand(0), Candidates);
-      getNegatibleInsts(I->getOperand(1), Candidates);
-      break;
-    case Instruction::FDiv:
-      // Not expecting non-canonical code here. Bail out and wait.
-      if (match(I->getOperand(0), m_Constant()) &&
-          match(I->getOperand(1), m_Constant()))
-        break;
-
-      if ((match(I->getOperand(0), m_APFloat(C)) && C->isNegative()) ||
-          (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APFloat(C)) && C->isNegative())) {
-        Candidates.push_back(I);
-        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "FDiv with negative constant: " << *I << '\n');
-      }
-      getNegatibleInsts(I->getOperand(0), Candidates);
-      getNegatibleInsts(I->getOperand(1), Candidates);
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-/// Given an fadd/fsub with an operand that is a one-use instruction
-/// (the fadd/fsub), try to change negative floating-point constants into
-/// positive constants to increase potential for reassociation and CSE.
-Instruction *ReassociatePass::canonicalizeNegFPConstantsForOp(Instruction *I,
-                                                              Instruction *Op,
-                                                              Value *OtherOp) {
-  assert((I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FAdd ||
-          I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FSub) && "Expected fadd/fsub");
-
-  // Collect instructions with negative FP constants from the subtree that ends
-  // in Op.
-  SmallVector<Instruction *, 4> Candidates;
-  getNegatibleInsts(Op, Candidates);
-  if (Candidates.empty())
-    return nullptr;
-
-  // Don't canonicalize x + (-Constant * y) -> x - (Constant * y), if the
-  // resulting subtract will be broken up later.  This can get us into an
-  // infinite loop during reassociation.
-  bool IsFSub = I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FSub;
-  bool NeedsSubtract = !IsFSub && Candidates.size() % 2 == 1;
-  if (NeedsSubtract && ShouldBreakUpSubtract(I))
-    return nullptr;
-
-  for (Instruction *Negatible : Candidates) {
-    const APFloat *C;
-    if (match(Negatible->getOperand(0), m_APFloat(C))) {
-      assert(!match(Negatible->getOperand(1), m_Constant()) &&
-             "Expecting only 1 constant operand");
-      assert(C->isNegative() && "Expected negative FP constant");
-      Negatible->setOperand(0, ConstantFP::get(Negatible->getType(), abs(*C)));
-      MadeChange = true;
-    }
-    if (match(Negatible->getOperand(1), m_APFloat(C))) {
-      assert(!match(Negatible->getOperand(0), m_Constant()) &&
-             "Expecting only 1 constant operand");
-      assert(C->isNegative() && "Expected negative FP constant");
-      Negatible->setOperand(1, ConstantFP::get(Negatible->getType(), abs(*C)));
-      MadeChange = true;
-    }
-  }
-  assert(MadeChange == true && "Negative constant candidate was not changed");
-
-  // Negations cancelled out.
-  if (Candidates.size() % 2 == 0)
-    return I;
-
-  // Negate the final operand in the expression by flipping the opcode of this
-  // fadd/fsub.
-  assert(Candidates.size() % 2 == 1 && "Expected odd number");
-  IRBuilder<> Builder(I);
-  Value *NewInst = IsFSub ? Builder.CreateFAddFMF(OtherOp, Op, I)
-                          : Builder.CreateFSubFMF(OtherOp, Op, I);
-  I->replaceAllUsesWith(NewInst);
-  RedoInsts.insert(I);
-  return dyn_cast<Instruction>(NewInst);
-}
-
-/// Canonicalize expressions that contain a negative floating-point constant
-/// of the following form:
-///   OtherOp + (subtree) -> OtherOp {+/-} (canonical subtree)
-///   (subtree) + OtherOp -> OtherOp {+/-} (canonical subtree)
-///   OtherOp - (subtree) -> OtherOp {+/-} (canonical subtree)
-///
-/// The fadd/fsub opcode may be switched to allow folding a negation into the
-/// input instruction.
-Instruction *ReassociatePass::canonicalizeNegFPConstants(Instruction *I) {
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Combine negations for: " << *I << '\n');
-  Value *X;
-  Instruction *Op;
-  if (match(I, m_FAdd(m_Value(X), m_OneUse(m_Instruction(Op)))))
-    if (Instruction *R = canonicalizeNegFPConstantsForOp(I, Op, X))
-      I = R;
-  if (match(I, m_FAdd(m_OneUse(m_Instruction(Op)), m_Value(X))))
-    if (Instruction *R = canonicalizeNegFPConstantsForOp(I, Op, X))
-      I = R;
-  if (match(I, m_FSub(m_Value(X), m_OneUse(m_Instruction(Op)))))
-    if (Instruction *R = canonicalizeNegFPConstantsForOp(I, Op, X))
-      I = R;
-  return I;
-}
-
-/// Inspect and optimize the given instruction. Note that erasing
-/// instructions is not allowed.
-void ReassociatePass::OptimizeInst(Instruction *I) {
-  // Only consider operations that we understand.
-  if (!isa<UnaryOperator>(I) && !isa<BinaryOperator>(I))
-    return;
-
-  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Shl && isa<ConstantInt>(I->getOperand(1)))
-    // If an operand of this shift is a reassociable multiply, or if the shift
-    // is used by a reassociable multiply or add, turn into a multiply.
-    if (isReassociableOp(I->getOperand(0), Instruction::Mul) ||
-        (I->hasOneUse() &&
-         (isReassociableOp(I->user_back(), Instruction::Mul) ||
-          isReassociableOp(I->user_back(), Instruction::Add)))) {
-      Instruction *NI = ConvertShiftToMul(I);
-      RedoInsts.insert(I);
-      MadeChange = true;
-      I = NI;
-    }
-
-  // Commute binary operators, to canonicalize the order of their operands.
-  // This can potentially expose more CSE opportunities, and makes writing other
-  // transformations simpler.
-  if (I->isCommutative())
-    canonicalizeOperands(I);
-
-  // Canonicalize negative constants out of expressions.
-  if (Instruction *Res = canonicalizeNegFPConstants(I))
-    I = Res;
-
-  // Don't optimize floating-point instructions unless they have the
-  // appropriate FastMathFlags for reassociation enabled.
-  if (isa<FPMathOperator>(I) && !hasFPAssociativeFlags(I))
-    return;
-
-  // Do not reassociate boolean (i1/vXi1) expressions.  We want to preserve the
-  // original order of evaluation for short-circuited comparisons that
-  // SimplifyCFG has folded to AND/OR expressions.  If the expression
-  // is not further optimized, it is likely to be transformed back to a
-  // short-circuited form for code gen, and the source order may have been
-  // optimized for the most likely conditions. For vector boolean expressions,
-  // we should be optimizing for ILP and not serializing the logical operations.
-  if (I->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy(1))
-    return;
-
-  // If this is a bitwise or instruction of operands
-  // with no common bits set, convert it to X+Y.
-  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or &&
-      shouldConvertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(I) && !isLoadCombineCandidate(I) &&
-      (cast<PossiblyDisjointInst>(I)->isDisjoint() ||
-       haveNoCommonBitsSet(I->getOperand(0), I->getOperand(1),
-                           SimplifyQuery(I->getDataLayout(),
-                                         /*DT=*/nullptr, /*AC=*/nullptr, I)))) {
-    Instruction *NI = convertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(I);
-    RedoInsts.insert(I);
-    MadeChange = true;
-    I = NI;
-  }
-
-  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul && ShouldBreakUpDistribution(I)) {
-    Instruction *MulUser = cast<Instruction>(I->user_back());
-    BreakUpDistribute(I, RedoInsts);
-    RedoInsts.insert(I);
-    RedoInsts.insert(MulUser);
-    MadeChange = true;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // If this is a subtract instruction which is not already in negate form,
-  // see if we can convert it to X+-Y.
-  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub) {
-    if (ShouldBreakUpSubtract(I)) {
-      Instruction *NI = BreakUpSubtract(I, RedoInsts);
-      RedoInsts.insert(I);
-      MadeChange = true;
-      I = NI;
-    } else if (match(I, m_Neg(m_Value()))) {
-      // Otherwise, this is a negation.  See if the operand is a multiply tree
-      // and if this is not an inner node of a multiply tree.
-      if (isReassociableOp(I->getOperand(1), Instruction::Mul) &&
-          (!I->hasOneUse() ||
-           !isReassociableOp(I->user_back(), Instruction::Mul))) {
-        Instruction *NI = LowerNegateToMultiply(I);
-        // If the negate was simplified, revisit the users to see if we can
-        // reassociate further.
-        for (User *U : NI->users()) {
-          if (BinaryOperator *Tmp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(U))
-            RedoInsts.insert(Tmp);
-        }
-        RedoInsts.insert(I);
-        MadeChange = true;
-        I = NI;
-      }
-    }
-  } else if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FNeg ||
-             I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FSub) {
-    if (ShouldBreakUpSubtract(I)) {
-      Instruction *NI = BreakUpSubtract(I, RedoInsts);
-      RedoInsts.insert(I);
-      MadeChange = true;
-      I = NI;
-    } else if (match(I, m_FNeg(m_Value()))) {
-      // Otherwise, this is a negation.  See if the operand is a multiply tree
-      // and if this is not an inner node of a multiply tree.
-      Value *Op = isa<BinaryOperator>(I) ? I->getOperand(1) :
-                                           I->getOperand(0);
-      if (isReassociableOp(Op, Instruction::FMul) &&
-          (!I->hasOneUse() ||
-           !isReassociableOp(I->user_back(), Instruction::FMul))) {
-        // If the negate was simplified, revisit the users to see if we can
-        // reassociate further.
-        Instruction *NI = LowerNegateToMultiply(I);
-        for (User *U : NI->users()) {
-          if (BinaryOperator *Tmp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(U))
-            RedoInsts.insert(Tmp);
-        }
-        RedoInsts.insert(I);
-        MadeChange = true;
-        I = NI;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // If this instruction is an associative binary operator, process it.
-  if (!I->isAssociative()) return;
-  BinaryOperator *BO = cast<BinaryOperator>(I);
-
-  // If this is an interior node of a reassociable tree, ignore it until we
-  // get to the root of the tree, to avoid N^2 analysis.
-  unsigned Opcode = BO->getOpcode();
-  if (BO->hasOneUse() && BO->user_back()->getOpcode() == Opcode) {
-    // During the initial run we will get to the root of the tree.
-    // But if we get here while we are redoing instructions, there is no
-    // guarantee that the root will be visited. So Redo later
-    if (BO->user_back() != BO &&
-        BO->getParent() == BO->user_back()->getParent())
-      RedoInsts.insert(BO->user_back());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // If this is an add tree that is used by a sub instruction, ignore it
-  // until we process the subtract.
-  if (BO->hasOneUse() && BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add &&
-      cast<Instruction>(BO->user_back())->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub)
-    return;
-  if (BO->hasOneUse() && BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::FAdd &&
-      cast<Instruction>(BO->user_back())->getOpcode() == Instruction::FSub)
-    return;
-
-  ReassociateExpression(BO);
-}
-
-void ReassociatePass::ReassociateExpression(BinaryOperator *I) {
-  // First, walk the expression tree, linearizing the tree, collecting the
-  // operand information.
-  SmallVector<RepeatedValue, 8> Tree;
-  OverflowTracking Flags;
-  MadeChange |= LinearizeExprTree(I, Tree, RedoInsts, Flags);
-  SmallVector<ValueEntry, 8> Ops;
-  Ops.reserve(Tree.size());
-  for (const RepeatedValue &E : Tree)
-    Ops.append(E.second, ValueEntry(getRank(E.first), E.first));
-
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RAIn:\t"; PrintOps(I, Ops); dbgs() << '\n');
-
-  // Now that we have linearized the tree to a list and have gathered all of
-  // the operands and their ranks, sort the operands by their rank.  Use a
-  // stable_sort so that values with equal ranks will have their relative
-  // positions maintained (and so the compiler is deterministic).  Note that
-  // this sorts so that the highest ranking values end up at the beginning of
-  // the vector.
-  llvm::stable_sort(Ops);
-
-  // Now that we have the expression tree in a convenient
-  // sorted form, optimize it globally if possible.
-  if (Value *V = OptimizeExpression(I, Ops)) {
-    if (V == I)
-      // Self-referential expression in unreachable code.
-      return;
-    // This expression tree simplified to something that isn't a tree,
-    // eliminate it.
-    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Reassoc to scalar: " << *V << '\n');
-    I->replaceAllUsesWith(V);
-    if (Instruction *VI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V))
-      if (I->getDebugLoc())
-        VI->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
-    RedoInsts.insert(I);
-    ++NumAnnihil;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // We want to sink immediates as deeply as possible except in the case where
-  // this is a multiply tree used only by an add, and the immediate is a -1.
-  // In this case we reassociate to put the negation on the outside so that we
-  // can fold the negation into the add: (-X)*Y + Z -> Z-X*Y
-  if (I->hasOneUse()) {
-    if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul &&
-        cast<Instruction>(I->user_back())->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add &&
-        isa<ConstantInt>(Ops.back().Op) &&
-        cast<ConstantInt>(Ops.back().Op)->isMinusOne()) {
-      ValueEntry Tmp = Ops.pop_back_val();
-      Ops.insert(Ops.begin(), Tmp);
-    } else if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FMul &&
-               cast<Instruction>(I->user_back())->getOpcode() ==
-                   Instruction::FAdd &&
-               isa<ConstantFP>(Ops.back().Op) &&
-               cast<ConstantFP>(Ops.back().Op)->isExactlyValue(-1.0)) {
-      ValueEntry Tmp = Ops.pop_back_val();
-      Ops.insert(Ops.begin(), Tmp);
-    }
-  }
-
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RAOut:\t"; PrintOps(I, Ops); dbgs() << '\n');
-
-  if (Ops.size() == 1) {
-    if (Ops[0].Op == I)
-      // Self-referential expression in unreachable code.
-      return;
-
-    // This expression tree simplified to something that isn't a tree,
-    // eliminate it.
-    I->replaceAllUsesWith(Ops[0].Op);
-    if (Instruction *OI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Ops[0].Op))
-      OI->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
-    RedoInsts.insert(I);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (Ops.size() > 2 && Ops.size() <= GlobalReassociateLimit) {
-    // Find the pair with the highest count in the pairmap and move it to the
-    // back of the list so that it can later be CSE'd.
-    // example:
-    //   a*b*c*d*e
-    // if c*e is the most "popular" pair, we can express this as
-    //   (((c*e)*d)*b)*a
-    unsigned Max = 1;
-    unsigned BestRank = 0;
-    std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> BestPair;
-    unsigned Idx = I->getOpcode() - Instruction::BinaryOpsBegin;
-    unsigned LimitIdx = 0;
-    // With the CSE-driven heuristic, we are about to slap two values at the
-    // beginning of the expression whereas they could live very late in the CFG.
-    // When using the CSE-local heuristic we avoid creating dependences from
-    // completely unrelated part of the CFG by limiting the expression
-    // reordering on the values that live in the first seen basic block.
-    // The main idea is that we want to avoid forming expressions that would
-    // become loop dependent.
-    if (UseCSELocalOpt) {
-      const BasicBlock *FirstSeenBB = nullptr;
-      int StartIdx = Ops.size() - 1;
-      // Skip the first value of the expression since we need at least two
-      // values to materialize an expression. I.e., even if this value is
-      // anchored in a different basic block, the actual first sub expression
-      // will be anchored on the second value.
-      for (int i = StartIdx - 1; i != -1; --i) {
-        const Value *Val = Ops[i].Op;
-        const auto *CurrLeafInstr = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Val);
-        const BasicBlock *SeenBB = nullptr;
-        if (!CurrLeafInstr) {
-          // The value is free of any CFG dependencies.
-          // Do as if it lives in the entry block.
-          //
-          // We do this to make sure all the values falling on this path are
-          // seen through the same anchor point. The rationale is these values
-          // can be combined together to from a sub expression free of any CFG
-          // dependencies so we want them to stay together.
-          // We could be cleverer and postpone the anchor down to the first
-          // anchored value, but that's likely complicated to get right.
-          // E.g., we wouldn't want to do that if that means being stuck in a
-          // loop.
-          //
-          // For instance, we wouldn't want to change:
-          // res = arg1 op arg2 op arg3 op ... op loop_val1 op loop_val2 ...
-          // into
-          // res = loop_val1 op arg1 op arg2 op arg3 op ... op loop_val2 ...
-          // Because all the sub expressions with arg2..N would be stuck between
-          // two loop dependent values.
-          SeenBB = &I->getParent()->getParent()->getEntryBlock();
-        } else {
-          SeenBB = CurrLeafInstr->getParent();
-        }
-
-        if (!FirstSeenBB) {
-          FirstSeenBB = SeenBB;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (FirstSeenBB != SeenBB) {
-          // ith value is in a different basic block.
-          // Rewind the index once to point to the last value on the same basic
-          // block.
-          LimitIdx = i + 1;
-          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "CSE reordering: Consider values between ["
-                            << LimitIdx << ", " << StartIdx << "]\n");
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    for (unsigned i = Ops.size() - 1; i > LimitIdx; --i) {
-      // We must use int type to go below zero when LimitIdx is 0.
-      for (int j = i - 1; j >= (int)LimitIdx; --j) {
-        unsigned Score = 0;
-        Value *Op0 = Ops[i].Op;
-        Value *Op1 = Ops[j].Op;
-        if (std::less<Value *>()(Op1, Op0))
-          std::swap(Op0, Op1);
-        auto it = PairMap[Idx].find({Op0, Op1});
-        if (it != PairMap[Idx].end()) {
-          // Functions like BreakUpSubtract() can erase the Values we're using
-          // as keys and create new Values after we built the PairMap. There's a
-          // small chance that the new nodes can have the same address as
-          // something already in the table. We shouldn't accumulate the stored
-          // score in that case as it refers to the wrong Value.
-          if (it->second.isValid())
-            Score += it->second.Score;
-        }
-
-        unsigned MaxRank = std::max(Ops[i].Rank, Ops[j].Rank);
-
-        // By construction, the operands are sorted in reverse order of their
-        // topological order.
-        // So we tend to form (sub) expressions with values that are close to
-        // each other.
-        //
-        // Now to expose more CSE opportunities we want to expose the pair of
-        // operands that occur the most (as statically computed in
-        // BuildPairMap.) as the first sub-expression.
-        //
-        // If two pairs occur as many times, we pick the one with the
-        // lowest rank, meaning the one with both operands appearing first in
-        // the topological order.
-        if (Score > Max || (Score == Max && MaxRank < BestRank)) {
-          BestPair = {j, i};
-          Max = Score;
-          BestRank = MaxRank;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    if (Max > 1) {
-      auto Op0 = Ops[BestPair.first];
-      auto Op1 = Ops[BestPair.second];
-      Ops.erase(&Ops[BestPair.second]);
-      Ops.erase(&Ops[BestPair.first]);
-      Ops.push_back(Op0);
-      Ops.push_back(Op1);
-    }
-  }
-  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RAOut after CSE reorder:\t"; PrintOps(I, Ops);
-             dbgs() << '\n');
-  // Now that we ordered and optimized the expressions, splat them back into
-  // the expression tree, removing any unneeded nodes.
-  RewriteExprTree(I, Ops, Flags);
-}
-
-void
-ReassociatePass::BuildPairMap(ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function *> &RPOT) {
-  // Make a "pairmap" of how often each operand pair occurs.
-  for (BasicBlock *BI : RPOT) {
-    for (Instruction &I : *BI) {
-      if (!I.isAssociative() || !I.isBinaryOp())
-        continue;
-
-      // Ignore nodes that aren't at the root of trees.
-      if (I.hasOneUse() && I.user_back()->getOpcode() == I.getOpcode())
-        continue;
-
-      // Collect all operands in a single reassociable expression.
-      // Since Reassociate has already been run once, we can assume things
-      // are already canonical according to Reassociation's regime.
-      SmallVector<Value *, 8> Worklist = { I.getOperand(0), I.getOperand(1) };
-      SmallVector<Value *, 8> Ops;
-      while (!Worklist.empty() && Ops.size() <= GlobalReassociateLimit) {
-        Value *Op = Worklist.pop_back_val();
-        Instruction *OpI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op);
-        if (!OpI || OpI->getOpcode() != I.getOpcode() || !OpI->hasOneUse()) {
-          Ops.push_back(Op);
-          continue;
-        }
-        // Be paranoid about self-referencing expressions in unreachable code.
-        if (OpI->getOperand(0) != OpI)
-          Worklist.push_back(OpI->getOperand(0));
-        if (OpI->getOperand(1) != OpI)
-          Worklist.push_back(OpI->getOperand(1));
-      }
-      // Skip extremely long expressions.
-      if (Ops.size() > GlobalReassociateLimit)
-        continue;
-
-      // Add all pairwise combinations of operands to the pair map.
-      unsigned BinaryIdx = I.getOpcode() - Instruction::BinaryOpsBegin;
-      SmallSet<std::pair<Value *, Value*>, 32> Visited;
-      for (unsigned i = 0; i < Ops.size() - 1; ++i) {
-        for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < Ops.size(); ++j) {
-          // Canonicalize operand orderings.
-          Value *Op0 = Ops[i];
-          Value *Op1 = Ops[j];
-          if (std::less<Value *>()(Op1, Op0))
-            std::swap(Op0, Op1);
-          if (!Visited.insert({Op0, Op1}).second)
-            continue;
-          auto res = PairMap[BinaryIdx].insert({{Op0, Op1}, {Op0, Op1, 1}});
-          if (!res.second) {
-            // If either key value has been erased then we've got the same
-            // address by coincidence. That can't happen here because nothing is
-            // erasing values but it can happen by the time we're querying the
-            // map.
-            assert(res.first->second.isValid() && "WeakVH invalidated");
-            ++res.first->second.Score;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-PreservedAnalyses ReassociatePass::run(Function &F, FunctionAnalysisManager &) {
-  // Get the functions basic blocks in Reverse Post Order. This order is used by
-  // BuildRankMap to pre calculate ranks correctly. It also excludes dead basic
-  // blocks (it has been seen that the analysis in this pass could hang when
-  // analysing dead basic blocks).
-  ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function *> RPOT(&F);
-
-  // Calculate the rank map for F.
-  BuildRankMap(F, RPOT);
-
-  // Build the pair map before running reassociate.
-  // Technically this would be more accurate if we did it after one round
-  // of reassociation, but in practice it doesn't seem to help much on
-  // real-world code, so don't waste the compile time running reassociate
-  // twice.
-  // If a user wants, they could expicitly run reassociate twice in their
-  // pass pipeline for further potential gains.
-  // It might also be possible to update the pair map during runtime, but the
-  // overhead of that may be large if there's many reassociable chains.
-  BuildPairMap(RPOT);
-
-  MadeChange = false;
-
-  // Traverse the same blocks that were analysed by BuildRankMap.
-  for (BasicBlock *BI : RPOT) {
-    assert(RankMap.count(&*BI) && "BB should be ranked.");
-    // Optimize every instruction in the basic block.
-    for (BasicBlock::iterator II = BI->begin(), IE = BI->end(); II != IE;)
-      if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(&*II)) {
-        EraseInst(&*II++);
-      } else {
-        OptimizeInst(&*II);
-        assert(II->getParent() == &*BI && "Moved to a different block!");
-        ++II;
-      }
-
-    // Make a copy of all the instructions to be redone so we can remove dead
-    // instructions.
-    OrderedSet ToRedo(RedoInsts);
-    // Iterate over all instructions to be reevaluated and remove trivially dead
-    // instructions. If any operand of the trivially dead instruction becomes
-    // dead mark it for deletion as well. Continue this process until all
-    // trivially dead instructions have been removed.
-    while (!ToRedo.empty()) {
-      Instruction *I = ToRedo.pop_back_val();
-      if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(I)) {
-        RecursivelyEraseDeadInsts(I, ToRedo);
-        MadeChange = true;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Now that we have removed dead instructions, we can reoptimize the
-    // remaining instructions.
-    while (!RedoInsts.empty()) {
-      Instruction *I = RedoInsts.front();
-      RedoInsts.erase(RedoInsts.begin());
-      if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(I))
-        EraseInst(I);
-      else
-        OptimizeInst(I);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // We are done with the rank map and pair map.
-  RankMap.clear();
-  ValueRankMap.clear();
-  for (auto &Entry : PairMap)
-    Entry.clear();
-
-  if (MadeChange) {
-    PreservedAnalyses PA;
-    PA.preserveSet<CFGAnalyses>();
-    return PA;
-  }
-
-  return PreservedAnalyses::all();
-}
-
-namespace {
-
-class ReassociateLegacyPass : public FunctionPass {
-  ReassociatePass Impl;
-
-public:
-  static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
-
-  ReassociateLegacyPass() : FunctionPass(ID) {
-    initializeReassociateLegacyPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
-  }
-
-  bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override {
-    if (skipFunction(F))
-      return false;
-
-    FunctionAnalysisManager DummyFAM;
-    auto PA = Impl.run(F, DummyFAM);
-    return !PA.areAllPreserved();
-  }
-
-  void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
-    AU.setPreservesCFG();
-    AU.addPreserved<AAResultsWrapperPass>();
-    AU.addPreserved<BasicAAWrapperPass>();
-    AU.addPreserved<GlobalsAAWrapperPass>();
-  }
-};
-
-} // end anonymous namespace
-
-char ReassociateLegacyPass::ID = 0;
-
-INITIALIZE_PASS(ReassociateLegacyPass, "reassociate",
-                "Reassociate expressions", false, false)
-
-// Public interface to the Reassociate pass
-FunctionPass *llvm::createReassociatePass() {
-  return new ReassociateLegacyPass();
-}
+                     ? cast<Constant>(ConstantExpr::getNeg(C))
+                     : C;
+
+  BinaryOperator *M1 =
+      BinaryOperator::CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(0), C, "Mul1", Mul->getIterator());
+  BinaryOperator *M2 =
+      BinaryOperator::CreateMul(AddSub->getOperand(1), C2, "Mul2", Mul->getIterator());
+  BinaryOperator *Result;
+  Result = BinaryOperator::CreateAdd(M1, M2, "DistAdd", Mul->getIterator());
+
+  Mul->replaceAllUsesWith(Result);
+  Result->setDebugLoc(Mul->getDebugLoc());
+
+  ToRedo.insert(M1);
+  ToRedo.insert(M2);
+  ToRedo.insert(Result);
+
+  return Result;
+}
+
+/// Return true if we should break up this subtract of X-Y into (X + -Y).
+static bool ShouldBreakUpSubtract(Instruction *Sub) {
+  // If this is a negation, we can't split it up!
+  if (match(Sub, m_Neg(m_Value())) || match(Sub, m_FNeg(m_Value()))) 
+    return false;
+
+  // Don't breakup X - undef.
+  if (isa<UndefValue>(Sub->getOperand(1)))
+    return false;
+
+  // Don't bother to break this up unless either the LHS is an associable add or
+  // subtract or if this is only used by one.
+  Value *V0 = Sub->getOperand(0);
+  if (isReassociableOp(V0, Instruction::Add, Instruction::FAdd) ||
+      isReassociableOp(V0, Instruction::Sub, Instruction::FSub))
+    return true;
+  Value *V1 = Sub->getOperand(1);
+  if (isReassociableOp(V1, Instruction::Add, Instruction::FAdd) ||
+      isReassociableOp(V1, Instruction::Sub, Instruction::FSub))
+    return true;
+  Value *VB = Sub->user_back();
+  if (Sub->hasOneUse() &&
+      (isReassociableOp(VB, Instruction::Add, Instruction::FAdd) ||
+       isReassociableOp(VB, Instruction::Sub, Instruction::FSub)))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/// If we have (X-Y), and if either X is an add, or if this is only used by an
+/// add, transform this into (X+(0-Y)) to promote better reassociation.
+static BinaryOperator *BreakUpSubtract(Instruction *Sub,
+                                       ReassociatePass::OrderedSet &ToRedo) {
+  // Convert a subtract into an add and a neg instruction. This allows sub
+  // instructions to be commuted with other add instructions.
+  //
+  // Calculate the negative value of Operand 1 of the sub instruction,
+  // and set it as the RHS of the add instruction we just made.
+  Value *NegVal = NegateValue(Sub->getOperand(1), Sub, ToRedo);
+  BinaryOperator *New =
+      CreateAdd(Sub->getOperand(0), NegVal, "", Sub->getIterator(), Sub);
+  Sub->setOperand(0, Constant::getNullValue(Sub->getType())); // Drop use of op.
+  Sub->setOperand(1, Constant::getNullValue(Sub->getType())); // Drop use of op.
+  New->takeName(Sub);
+
+  // Everyone now refers to the add instruction.
+  Sub->replaceAllUsesWith(New);
+  New->setDebugLoc(Sub->getDebugLoc());
+
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Negated: " << *New << '\n');
+  return New;
+}
+
+/// If this is a shift of a reassociable multiply or is used by one, change
+/// this into a multiply by a constant to assist with further reassociation.
+static BinaryOperator *ConvertShiftToMul(Instruction *Shl) {
+  Constant *MulCst = ConstantInt::get(Shl->getType(), 1);
+  auto *SA = cast<ConstantInt>(Shl->getOperand(1));
+  MulCst = ConstantFoldBinaryInstruction(Instruction::Shl, MulCst, SA);
+  assert(MulCst && "Constant folding of immediate constants failed");
+
+  BinaryOperator *Mul = BinaryOperator::CreateMul(Shl->getOperand(0), MulCst,
+                                                  "", Shl->getIterator());
+  Shl->setOperand(0, PoisonValue::get(Shl->getType())); // Drop use of op.
+  Mul->takeName(Shl);
+
+  // Everyone now refers to the mul instruction.
+  Shl->replaceAllUsesWith(Mul);
+  Mul->setDebugLoc(Shl->getDebugLoc());
+
+  // We can safely preserve the nuw flag in all cases.  It's also safe to turn a
+  // nuw nsw shl into a nuw nsw mul.  However, nsw in isolation requires special
+  // handling.  It can be preserved as long as we're not left shifting by
+  // bitwidth - 1.
+  bool NSW = cast<BinaryOperator>(Shl)->hasNoSignedWrap();
+  bool NUW = cast<BinaryOperator>(Shl)->hasNoUnsignedWrap();
+  unsigned BitWidth = Shl->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
+  if (NSW && (NUW || SA->getValue().ult(BitWidth - 1)))
+    Mul->setHasNoSignedWrap(true);
+  Mul->setHasNoUnsignedWrap(NUW);
+  return Mul;
+}
+
+/// Scan backwards and forwards among values with the same rank as element i
+/// to see if X exists.  If X does not exist, return i.  This is useful when
+/// scanning for 'x' when we see '-x' because they both get the same rank.
+static unsigned FindInOperandList(const SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops,
+                                  unsigned i, Value *X) {
+  unsigned XRank = Ops[i].Rank;
+  unsigned e = Ops.size();
+  for (unsigned j = i+1; j != e && Ops[j].Rank == XRank; ++j) {
+    if (Ops[j].Op == X)
+      return j;
+    if (Instruction *I1 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Ops[j].Op))
+      if (Instruction *I2 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(X))
+        if (I1->isIdenticalTo(I2))
+          return j;
+  }
+  // Scan backwards.
+  for (unsigned j = i-1; j != ~0U && Ops[j].Rank == XRank; --j) {
+    if (Ops[j].Op == X)
+      return j;
+    if (Instruction *I1 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Ops[j].Op))
+      if (Instruction *I2 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(X))
+        if (I1->isIdenticalTo(I2))
+          return j;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+/// Emit a tree of add instructions, summing Ops together
+/// and returning the result.  Insert the tree before I.
+static Value *EmitAddTreeOfValues(Instruction *I,
+                                  SmallVectorImpl<WeakTrackingVH> &Ops) {
+  if (Ops.size() == 1) return Ops.back();
+
+  Value *V1 = Ops.pop_back_val();
+  Value *V2 = EmitAddTreeOfValues(I, Ops);
+  auto *NewAdd = CreateAdd(V2, V1, "reass.add", I->getIterator(), I);
+  NewAdd->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
+  return NewAdd;
+}
+
+/// If V is an expression tree that is a multiplication sequence,
+/// and if this sequence contains a multiply by Factor,
+/// remove Factor from the tree and return the new tree.
+/// If new instructions are inserted to generate this tree, DL should be used
+/// as the DebugLoc for these instructions.
+Value *ReassociatePass::RemoveFactorFromExpression(Value *V, Value *Factor,
+                                                   DebugLoc DL) {
+  BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(V, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
+  if (!BO)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  SmallVector<RepeatedValue, 8> Tree;
+  OverflowTracking Flags;
+  MadeChange |= LinearizeExprTree(BO, Tree, RedoInsts, Flags);
+  SmallVector<ValueEntry, 8> Factors;
+  Factors.reserve(Tree.size());
+  for (const RepeatedValue &E : Tree)
+    Factors.append(E.second, ValueEntry(getRank(E.first), E.first));
+
+  bool FoundFactor = false;
+  bool NeedsNegate = false;
+  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Factors.size(); i != e; ++i) {
+    if (Factors[i].Op == Factor) {
+      FoundFactor = true;
+      Factors.erase(Factors.begin()+i);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // If this is a negative version of this factor, remove it.
+    if (ConstantInt *FC1 = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Factor)) {
+      if (ConstantInt *FC2 = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Factors[i].Op))
+        if (FC1->getValue() == -FC2->getValue()) {
+          FoundFactor = NeedsNegate = true;
+          Factors.erase(Factors.begin()+i);
+          break;
+        }
+    } else if (ConstantFP *FC1 = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Factor)) {
+      if (ConstantFP *FC2 = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Factors[i].Op)) {
+        const APFloat &F1 = FC1->getValueAPF();
+        APFloat F2(FC2->getValueAPF());
+        F2.changeSign();
+        if (F1 == F2) {
+          FoundFactor = NeedsNegate = true;
+          Factors.erase(Factors.begin() + i);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!FoundFactor) {
+    // Make sure to restore the operands to the expression tree.
+    RewriteExprTree(BO, Factors, Flags);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  BasicBlock::iterator InsertPt = ++BO->getIterator();
+
+  // If this was just a single multiply, remove the multiply and return the only
+  // remaining operand.
+  if (Factors.size() == 1) {
+    RedoInsts.insert(BO);
+    V = Factors[0].Op;
+  } else {
+    RewriteExprTree(BO, Factors, Flags);
+    V = BO;
+  }
+
+  if (NeedsNegate) {
+    V = CreateNeg(V, "neg", InsertPt, BO);
+    cast<Instruction>(V)->setDebugLoc(DL);
+  }
+
+  return V;
+}
+
+/// If V is a single-use multiply, recursively add its operands as factors,
+/// otherwise add V to the list of factors.
+///
+/// Ops is the top-level list of add operands we're trying to factor.
+static void FindSingleUseMultiplyFactors(Value *V,
+                                         SmallVectorImpl<Value*> &Factors) {
+  BinaryOperator *BO = isReassociableOp(V, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
+  if (!BO) {
+    Factors.push_back(V);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, add the LHS and RHS to the list of factors.
+  FindSingleUseMultiplyFactors(BO->getOperand(1), Factors);
+  FindSingleUseMultiplyFactors(BO->getOperand(0), Factors);
+}
+
+/// Optimize a series of operands to an 'and', 'or', or 'xor' instruction.
+/// This optimizes based on identities.  If it can be reduced to a single Value,
+/// it is returned, otherwise the Ops list is mutated as necessary.
+static Value *OptimizeAndOrXor(unsigned Opcode,
+                               SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
+  // Scan the operand lists looking for X and ~X pairs, along with X,X pairs.
+  // If we find any, we can simplify the expression. X&~X == 0, X|~X == -1.
+  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Ops.size(); i != e; ++i) {
+    // First, check for X and ~X in the operand list.
+    assert(i < Ops.size());
+    Value *X;
+    if (match(Ops[i].Op, m_Not(m_Value(X)))) {    // Cannot occur for ^.
+      unsigned FoundX = FindInOperandList(Ops, i, X);
+      if (FoundX != i) {
+        if (Opcode == Instruction::And)   // ...&X&~X = 0
+          return Constant::getNullValue(X->getType());
+
+        if (Opcode == Instruction::Or)    // ...|X|~X = -1
+          return Constant::getAllOnesValue(X->getType());
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Next, check for duplicate pairs of values, which we assume are next to
+    // each other, due to our sorting criteria.
+    assert(i < Ops.size());
+    if (i+1 != Ops.size() && Ops[i+1].Op == Ops[i].Op) {
+      if (Opcode == Instruction::And || Opcode == Instruction::Or) {
+        // Drop duplicate values for And and Or.
+        Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+i);
+        --i; --e;
+        ++NumAnnihil;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Drop pairs of values for Xor.
+      assert(Opcode == Instruction::Xor);
+      if (e == 2)
+        return Constant::getNullValue(Ops[0].Op->getType());
+
+      // Y ^ X^X -> Y
+      Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+i, Ops.begin()+i+2);
+      i -= 1; e -= 2;
+      ++NumAnnihil;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+/// Helper function of CombineXorOpnd(). It creates a bitwise-and
+/// instruction with the given two operands, and return the resulting
+/// instruction. There are two special cases: 1) if the constant operand is 0,
+/// it will return NULL. 2) if the constant is ~0, the symbolic operand will
+/// be returned.
+static Value *createAndInstr(BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore, Value *Opnd,
+                             const APInt &ConstOpnd) {
+  if (ConstOpnd.isZero())
+    return nullptr;
+
+  if (ConstOpnd.isAllOnes())
+    return Opnd;
+
+  Instruction *I = BinaryOperator::CreateAnd(
+      Opnd, ConstantInt::get(Opnd->getType(), ConstOpnd), "and.ra",
+      InsertBefore);
+  I->setDebugLoc(InsertBefore->getDebugLoc());
+  return I;
+}
+
+// Helper function of OptimizeXor(). It tries to simplify "Opnd1 ^ ConstOpnd"
+// into "R ^ C", where C would be 0, and R is a symbolic value.
+//
+// If it was successful, true is returned, and the "R" and "C" is returned
+// via "Res" and "ConstOpnd", respectively; otherwise, false is returned,
+// and both "Res" and "ConstOpnd" remain unchanged.
+bool ReassociatePass::CombineXorOpnd(BasicBlock::iterator It, XorOpnd *Opnd1,
+                                     APInt &ConstOpnd, Value *&Res) {
+  // Xor-Rule 1: (x | c1) ^ c2 = (x | c1) ^ (c1 ^ c1) ^ c2
+  //                       = ((x | c1) ^ c1) ^ (c1 ^ c2)
+  //                       = (x & ~c1) ^ (c1 ^ c2)
+  // It is useful only when c1 == c2.
+  if (!Opnd1->isOrExpr() || Opnd1->getConstPart().isZero())
+    return false;
+
+  if (!Opnd1->getValue()->hasOneUse())
+    return false;
+
+  const APInt &C1 = Opnd1->getConstPart();
+  if (C1 != ConstOpnd)
+    return false;
+
+  Value *X = Opnd1->getSymbolicPart();
+  Res = createAndInstr(It, X, ~C1);
+  // ConstOpnd was C2, now C1 ^ C2.
+  ConstOpnd ^= C1;
+
+  if (Instruction *T = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Opnd1->getValue()))
+    RedoInsts.insert(T);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Helper function of OptimizeXor(). It tries to simplify
+// "Opnd1 ^ Opnd2 ^ ConstOpnd" into "R ^ C", where C would be 0, and R is a
+// symbolic value.
+//
+// If it was successful, true is returned, and the "R" and "C" is returned
+// via "Res" and "ConstOpnd", respectively (If the entire expression is
+// evaluated to a constant, the Res is set to NULL); otherwise, false is
+// returned, and both "Res" and "ConstOpnd" remain unchanged.
+bool ReassociatePass::CombineXorOpnd(BasicBlock::iterator It, XorOpnd *Opnd1,
+                                     XorOpnd *Opnd2, APInt &ConstOpnd,
+                                     Value *&Res) {
+  Value *X = Opnd1->getSymbolicPart();
+  if (X != Opnd2->getSymbolicPart())
+    return false;
+
+  // This many instruction become dead.(At least "Opnd1 ^ Opnd2" will die.)
+  int DeadInstNum = 1;
+  if (Opnd1->getValue()->hasOneUse())
+    DeadInstNum++;
+  if (Opnd2->getValue()->hasOneUse())
+    DeadInstNum++;
+
+  // Xor-Rule 2:
+  //  (x | c1) ^ (x & c2)
+  //   = (x|c1) ^ (x&c2) ^ (c1 ^ c1) = ((x|c1) ^ c1) ^ (x & c2) ^ c1
+  //   = (x & ~c1) ^ (x & c2) ^ c1               // Xor-Rule 1
+  //   = (x & c3) ^ c1, where c3 = ~c1 ^ c2      // Xor-rule 3
+  //
+  if (Opnd1->isOrExpr() != Opnd2->isOrExpr()) {
+    if (Opnd2->isOrExpr())
+      std::swap(Opnd1, Opnd2);
+
+    const APInt &C1 = Opnd1->getConstPart();
+    const APInt &C2 = Opnd2->getConstPart();
+    APInt C3((~C1) ^ C2);
+
+    // Do not increase code size!
+    if (!C3.isZero() && !C3.isAllOnes()) {
+      int NewInstNum = ConstOpnd.getBoolValue() ? 1 : 2;
+      if (NewInstNum > DeadInstNum)
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Res = createAndInstr(It, X, C3);
+    ConstOpnd ^= C1;
+  } else if (Opnd1->isOrExpr()) {
+    // Xor-Rule 3: (x | c1) ^ (x | c2) = (x & c3) ^ c3 where c3 = c1 ^ c2
+    //
+    const APInt &C1 = Opnd1->getConstPart();
+    const APInt &C2 = Opnd2->getConstPart();
+    APInt C3 = C1 ^ C2;
+
+    // Do not increase code size
+    if (!C3.isZero() && !C3.isAllOnes()) {
+      int NewInstNum = ConstOpnd.getBoolValue() ? 1 : 2;
+      if (NewInstNum > DeadInstNum)
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Res = createAndInstr(It, X, C3);
+    ConstOpnd ^= C3;
+  } else {
+    // Xor-Rule 4: (x & c1) ^ (x & c2) = (x & (c1^c2))
+    //
+    const APInt &C1 = Opnd1->getConstPart();
+    const APInt &C2 = Opnd2->getConstPart();
+    APInt C3 = C1 ^ C2;
+    Res = createAndInstr(It, X, C3);
+  }
+
+  // Put the original operands in the Redo list; hope they will be deleted
+  // as dead code.
+  if (Instruction *T = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Opnd1->getValue()))
+    RedoInsts.insert(T);
+  if (Instruction *T = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Opnd2->getValue()))
+    RedoInsts.insert(T);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/// Optimize a series of operands to an 'xor' instruction. If it can be reduced
+/// to a single Value, it is returned, otherwise the Ops list is mutated as
+/// necessary.
+Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeXor(Instruction *I,
+                                    SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
+  if (Value *V = OptimizeAndOrXor(Instruction::Xor, Ops))
+    return V;
+
+  if (Ops.size() == 1)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  SmallVector<XorOpnd, 8> Opnds;
+  SmallVector<XorOpnd*, 8> OpndPtrs;
+  Type *Ty = Ops[0].Op->getType();
+  APInt ConstOpnd(Ty->getScalarSizeInBits(), 0);
+
+  // Step 1: Convert ValueEntry to XorOpnd
+  for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops) {
+    Value *V = Op.Op;
+    const APInt *C;
+    // TODO: Support non-splat vectors.
+    if (match(V, m_APInt(C))) {
+      ConstOpnd ^= *C;
+    } else {
+      XorOpnd O(V);
+      O.setSymbolicRank(getRank(O.getSymbolicPart()));
+      Opnds.push_back(O);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: From this point on, do *NOT* add/delete element to/from "Opnds".
+  //  It would otherwise invalidate the "Opnds"'s iterator, and hence invalidate
+  //  the "OpndPtrs" as well. For the similar reason, do not fuse this loop
+  //  with the previous loop --- the iterator of the "Opnds" may be invalidated
+  //  when new elements are added to the vector.
+  for (XorOpnd &Op : Opnds)
+    OpndPtrs.push_back(&Op);
+
+  // Step 2: Sort the Xor-Operands in a way such that the operands containing
+  //  the same symbolic value cluster together. For instance, the input operand
+  //  sequence ("x | 123", "y & 456", "x & 789") will be sorted into:
+  //  ("x | 123", "x & 789", "y & 456").
+  //
+  //  The purpose is twofold:
+  //  1) Cluster together the operands sharing the same symbolic-value.
+  //  2) Operand having smaller symbolic-value-rank is permuted earlier, which
+  //     could potentially shorten crital path, and expose more loop-invariants.
+  //     Note that values' rank are basically defined in RPO order (FIXME).
+  //     So, if Rank(X) < Rank(Y) < Rank(Z), it means X is defined earlier
+  //     than Y which is defined earlier than Z. Permute "x | 1", "Y & 2",
+  //     "z" in the order of X-Y-Z is better than any other orders.
+  llvm::stable_sort(OpndPtrs, [](XorOpnd *LHS, XorOpnd *RHS) {
+    return LHS->getSymbolicRank() < RHS->getSymbolicRank();
+  });
+
+  // Step 3: Combine adjacent operands
+  XorOpnd *PrevOpnd = nullptr;
+  bool Changed = false;
+  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Opnds.size(); i < e; i++) {
+    XorOpnd *CurrOpnd = OpndPtrs[i];
+    // The combined value
+    Value *CV;
+
+    // Step 3.1: Try simplifying "CurrOpnd ^ ConstOpnd"
+    if (!ConstOpnd.isZero() &&
+        CombineXorOpnd(I->getIterator(), CurrOpnd, ConstOpnd, CV)) {
+      Changed = true;
+      if (CV)
+        *CurrOpnd = XorOpnd(CV);
+      else {
+        CurrOpnd->Invalidate();
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!PrevOpnd || CurrOpnd->getSymbolicPart() != PrevOpnd->getSymbolicPart()) {
+      PrevOpnd = CurrOpnd;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // step 3.2: When previous and current operands share the same symbolic
+    //  value, try to simplify "PrevOpnd ^ CurrOpnd ^ ConstOpnd"
+    if (CombineXorOpnd(I->getIterator(), CurrOpnd, PrevOpnd, ConstOpnd, CV)) {
+      // Remove previous operand
+      PrevOpnd->Invalidate();
+      if (CV) {
+        *CurrOpnd = XorOpnd(CV);
+        PrevOpnd = CurrOpnd;
+      } else {
+        CurrOpnd->Invalidate();
+        PrevOpnd = nullptr;
+      }
+      Changed = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 4: Reassemble the Ops
+  if (Changed) {
+    Ops.clear();
+    for (const XorOpnd &O : Opnds) {
+      if (O.isInvalid())
+        continue;
+      ValueEntry VE(getRank(O.getValue()), O.getValue());
+      Ops.push_back(VE);
+    }
+    if (!ConstOpnd.isZero()) {
+      Value *C = ConstantInt::get(Ty, ConstOpnd);
+      ValueEntry VE(getRank(C), C);
+      Ops.push_back(VE);
+    }
+    unsigned Sz = Ops.size();
+    if (Sz == 1)
+      return Ops.back().Op;
+    if (Sz == 0) {
+      assert(ConstOpnd.isZero());
+      return ConstantInt::get(Ty, ConstOpnd);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+/// Optimize a series of operands to an 'add' instruction.  This
+/// optimizes based on identities.  If it can be reduced to a single Value, it
+/// is returned, otherwise the Ops list is mutated as necessary.
+Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeAdd(Instruction *I,
+                                    SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
+  // Scan the operand lists looking for X and -X pairs.  If we find any, we
+  // can simplify expressions like X+-X == 0 and X+~X ==-1.  While we're at it,
+  // scan for any
+  // duplicates.  We want to canonicalize Y+Y+Y+Z -> 3*Y+Z.
+
+  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Ops.size(); i != e; ++i) {
+    Value *TheOp = Ops[i].Op;
+    // Check to see if we've seen this operand before.  If so, we factor all
+    // instances of the operand together.  Due to our sorting criteria, we know
+    // that these need to be next to each other in the vector.
+    if (i+1 != Ops.size() && Ops[i+1].Op == TheOp) {
+      // Rescan the list, remove all instances of this operand from the expr.
+      unsigned NumFound = 0;
+      do {
+        Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+i);
+        ++NumFound;
+      } while (i != Ops.size() && Ops[i].Op == TheOp);
+
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nFACTORING [" << NumFound << "]: " << *TheOp
+                        << '\n');
+      ++NumFactor;
+
+      // Insert a new multiply.
+      Type *Ty = TheOp->getType();
+      // Truncate if NumFound overflows the type.
+      Constant *C = Ty->isIntOrIntVectorTy()
+                        ? ConstantInt::get(Ty, NumFound, /*IsSigned=*/false,
+                                           /*ImplicitTrunc=*/true)
+                        : ConstantFP::get(Ty, NumFound);
+      Instruction *Mul = CreateMul(TheOp, C, "factor", I->getIterator(), I);
+      Mul->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
+
+      // Now that we have inserted a multiply, optimize it. This allows us to
+      // handle cases that require multiple factoring steps, such as this:
+      // (X*2) + (X*2) + (X*2) -> (X*2)*3 -> X*6
+      RedoInsts.insert(Mul);
+
+      // If every add operand was a duplicate, return the multiply.
+      if (Ops.empty())
+        return Mul;
+
+      // Otherwise, we had some input that didn't have the dupe, such as
+      // "A + A + B" -> "A*2 + B".  Add the new multiply to the list of
+      // things being added by this operation.
+      Ops.insert(Ops.begin(), ValueEntry(getRank(Mul), Mul));
+
+      --i;
+      e = Ops.size();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Check for X and -X or X and ~X in the operand list.
+    Value *X;
+    if (!match(TheOp, m_Neg(m_Value(X))) && !match(TheOp, m_Not(m_Value(X))) &&
+        !match(TheOp, m_FNeg(m_Value(X))))
+      continue;
+
+    unsigned FoundX = FindInOperandList(Ops, i, X);
+    if (FoundX == i)
+      continue;
+
+    // Remove X and -X from the operand list.
+    if (Ops.size() == 2 &&
+        (match(TheOp, m_Neg(m_Value())) || match(TheOp, m_FNeg(m_Value()))))
+      return Constant::getNullValue(X->getType());
+
+    // Remove X and ~X from the operand list.
+    if (Ops.size() == 2 && match(TheOp, m_Not(m_Value())))
+      return Constant::getAllOnesValue(X->getType());
+
+    Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+i);
+    if (i < FoundX)
+      --FoundX;
+    else
+      --i;   // Need to back up an extra one.
+    Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+FoundX);
+    ++NumAnnihil;
+    --i;     // Revisit element.
+    e -= 2;  // Removed two elements.
+
+    // if X and ~X we append -1 to the operand list.
+    if (match(TheOp, m_Not(m_Value()))) {
+      Value *V = Constant::getAllOnesValue(X->getType());
+      Ops.insert(Ops.end(), ValueEntry(getRank(V), V));
+      e += 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Scan the operand list, checking to see if there are any common factors
+  // between operands.  Consider something like A*A+A*B*C+D.  We would like to
+  // reassociate this to A*(A+B*C)+D, which reduces the number of multiplies.
+  // To efficiently find this, we count the number of times a factor occurs
+  // for any ADD operands that are MULs.
+  DenseMap<Value*, unsigned> FactorOccurrences;
+
+  // Keep track of each multiply we see, to avoid triggering on (X*4)+(X*4)
+  // where they are actually the same multiply.
+  unsigned MaxOcc = 0;
+  Value *MaxOccVal = nullptr;
+
+  // Prefer a non-constant factor over a constant when occurrence counts
+  // tie. Factoring out a variable (e.g., X from X*C1 + X*C2) exposes
+  // downstream constant folding; factoring out a constant does not.
+  auto IsBetterFactor = [](Value *Factor, Value *MaxOccVal, unsigned Occ,
+                           unsigned MaxOcc) {
+    return Occ > MaxOcc ||
+           (Occ == MaxOcc &&
+            (isa<Instruction>(Factor) || isa<Argument>(Factor)) &&
+            isa<Constant>(MaxOccVal) && !isa<UndefValue>(MaxOccVal));
+  };
+  for (const ValueEntry &Op : Ops) {
+    BinaryOperator *BOp =
+        isReassociableOp(Op.Op, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
+    if (!BOp)
+      continue;
+
+    // Compute all of the factors of this added value.
+    SmallVector<Value*, 8> Factors;
+    FindSingleUseMultiplyFactors(BOp, Factors);
+    assert(Factors.size() > 1 && "Bad linearize!");
+
+    // Add one to FactorOccurrences for each unique factor in this op.
+    SmallPtrSet<Value*, 8> Duplicates;
+    for (Value *Factor : Factors) {
+      if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
+        continue;
+
+      unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
+      if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
+        MaxOcc = Occ;
+        MaxOccVal = Factor;
+      }
+
+      // If Factor is a negative constant, add the negated value as a factor
+      // because we can percolate the negate out.  Watch for minint, which
+      // cannot be positivified.
+      if (ConstantInt *CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Factor)) {
+        if (CI->isNegative() && !CI->isMinValue(true)) {
+          Factor = ConstantInt::get(CI->getContext(), -CI->getValue());
+          if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
+            continue;
+          unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
+          if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
+            MaxOcc = Occ;
+            MaxOccVal = Factor;
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (ConstantFP *CF = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Factor)) {
+        if (CF->isNegative()) {
+          APFloat F(CF->getValueAPF());
+          F.changeSign();
+          Factor = ConstantFP::get(CF->getType(), F);
+          if (!Duplicates.insert(Factor).second)
+            continue;
+          unsigned Occ = ++FactorOccurrences[Factor];
+          if (IsBetterFactor(Factor, MaxOccVal, Occ, MaxOcc)) {
+            MaxOcc = Occ;
+            MaxOccVal = Factor;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If any factor occurred more than one time, we can pull it out.
+  if (MaxOcc > 1) {
+    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nFACTORING [" << MaxOcc << "]: " << *MaxOccVal
+                      << '\n');
+    ++NumFactor;
+
+    // Create a new instruction that uses the MaxOccVal twice.  If we don't do
+    // this, we could otherwise run into situations where removing a factor
+    // from an expression will drop a use of maxocc, and this can cause
+    // RemoveFactorFromExpression on successive values to behave differently.
+    Instruction *DummyInst =
+        I->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy()
+            ? BinaryOperator::CreateAdd(MaxOccVal, MaxOccVal)
+            : BinaryOperator::CreateFAdd(MaxOccVal, MaxOccVal);
+
+    SmallVector<WeakTrackingVH, 4> NewMulOps;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i != Ops.size(); ++i) {
+      // Only try to remove factors from expressions we're allowed to.
+      BinaryOperator *BOp =
+          isReassociableOp(Ops[i].Op, Instruction::Mul, Instruction::FMul);
+      if (!BOp)
+        continue;
+
+      if (Value *V = RemoveFactorFromExpression(Ops[i].Op, MaxOccVal,
+                                                I->getDebugLoc())) {
+        // The factorized operand may occur several times.  Convert them all in
+        // one fell swoop.
+        for (unsigned j = Ops.size(); j != i;) {
+          --j;
+          if (Ops[j].Op == Ops[i].Op) {
+            NewMulOps.push_back(V);
+            Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+j);
+          }
+        }
+        --i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // No need for extra uses anymore.
+    DummyInst->deleteValue();
+
+    unsigned NumAddedValues = NewMulOps.size();
+    Value *V = EmitAddTreeOfValues(I, NewMulOps);
+
+    // Now that we have inserted the add tree, optimize it. This allows us to
+    // handle cases that require multiple factoring steps, such as this:
+    // A*A*B + A*A*C   -->   A*(A*B+A*C)   -->   A*(A*(B+C))
+    assert(NumAddedValues > 1 && "Each occurrence should contribute a value");
+    (void)NumAddedValues;
+    if (Instruction *VI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V))
+      RedoInsts.insert(VI);
+
+    // Create the multiply.
+    Instruction *V2 = CreateMul(V, MaxOccVal, "reass.mul", I->getIterator(), I);
+    V2->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
+
+    // Rerun associate on the multiply in case the inner expression turned into
+    // a multiply.  We want to make sure that we keep things in canonical form.
+    RedoInsts.insert(V2);
+
+    // If every add operand included the factor (e.g. "A*B + A*C"), then the
+    // entire result expression is just the multiply "A*(B+C)".
+    if (Ops.empty())
+      return V2;
+
+    // Otherwise, we had some input that didn't have the factor, such as
+    // "A*B + A*C + D" -> "A*(B+C) + D".  Add the new multiply to the list of
+    // things being added by this operation.
+    Ops.insert(Ops.begin(), ValueEntry(getRank(V2), V2));
+  }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+/// Build up a vector of value/power pairs factoring a product.
+///
+/// Given a series of multiplication operands, build a vector of factors and
+/// the powers each is raised to when forming the final product. Sort them in
+/// the order of descending power.
+///
+///      (x*x)          -> [(x, 2)]
+///     ((x*x)*x)       -> [(x, 3)]
+///   ((((x*y)*x)*y)*x) -> [(x, 3), (y, 2)]
+///
+/// \returns Whether any factors have a power greater than one.
+static bool collectMultiplyFactors(SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops,
+                                   SmallVectorImpl<Factor> &Factors) {
+  // FIXME: Have Ops be (ValueEntry, Multiplicity) pairs, simplifying this.
+  // Compute the sum of powers of simplifiable factors.
+  unsigned FactorPowerSum = 0;
+  for (unsigned Idx = 1, Size = Ops.size(); Idx < Size; ++Idx) {
+    Value *Op = Ops[Idx-1].Op;
+
+    // Count the number of occurrences of this value.
+    unsigned Count = 1;
+    for (; Idx < Size && Ops[Idx].Op == Op; ++Idx)
+      ++Count;
+    // Track for simplification all factors which occur 2 or more times.
+    if (Count > 1)
+      FactorPowerSum += Count;
+  }
+
+  // We can only simplify factors if the sum of the powers of our simplifiable
+  // factors is 4 or higher. When that is the case, we will *always* have
+  // a simplification. This is an important invariant to prevent cyclicly
+  // trying to simplify already minimal formations.
+  if (FactorPowerSum < 4)
+    return false;
+
+  // Now gather the simplifiable factors, removing them from Ops.
+  FactorPowerSum = 0;
+  for (unsigned Idx = 1; Idx < Ops.size(); ++Idx) {
+    Value *Op = Ops[Idx-1].Op;
+
+    // Count the number of occurrences of this value.
+    unsigned Count = 1;
+    for (; Idx < Ops.size() && Ops[Idx].Op == Op; ++Idx)
+      ++Count;
+    if (Count == 1)
+      continue;
+    // Move an even number of occurrences to Factors.
+    Count &= ~1U;
+    Idx -= Count;
+    FactorPowerSum += Count;
+    Factors.push_back(Factor(Op, Count));
+    Ops.erase(Ops.begin()+Idx, Ops.begin()+Idx+Count);
+  }
+
+  // None of the adjustments above should have reduced the sum of factor powers
+  // below our mininum of '4'.
+  assert(FactorPowerSum >= 4);
+
+  llvm::stable_sort(Factors, [](const Factor &LHS, const Factor &RHS) {
+    return LHS.Power > RHS.Power;
+  });
+  return true;
+}
+
+/// Build a tree of multiplies, computing the product of Ops.
+static Value *buildMultiplyTree(IRBuilderBase &Builder,
+                                SmallVectorImpl<Value*> &Ops) {
+  if (Ops.size() == 1)
+    return Ops.back();
+
+  Value *LHS = Ops.pop_back_val();
+  do {
+    if (LHS->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy())
+      LHS = Builder.CreateMul(LHS, Ops.pop_back_val());
+    else
+      LHS = Builder.CreateFMul(LHS, Ops.pop_back_val());
+  } while (!Ops.empty());
+
+  return LHS;
+}
+
+/// Build a minimal multiplication DAG for (a^x)*(b^y)*(c^z)*...
+///
+/// Given a vector of values raised to various powers, where no two values are
+/// equal and the powers are sorted in decreasing order, compute the minimal
+/// DAG of multiplies to compute the final product, and return that product
+/// value.
+Value *
+ReassociatePass::buildMinimalMultiplyDAG(IRBuilderBase &Builder,
+                                         SmallVectorImpl<Factor> &Factors) {
+  assert(Factors[0].Power);
+  SmallVector<Value *, 4> OuterProduct;
+  for (unsigned LastIdx = 0, Idx = 1, Size = Factors.size();
+       Idx < Size && Factors[Idx].Power > 0; ++Idx) {
+    if (Factors[Idx].Power != Factors[LastIdx].Power) {
+      LastIdx = Idx;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // We want to multiply across all the factors with the same power so that
+    // we can raise them to that power as a single entity. Build a mini tree
+    // for that.
+    SmallVector<Value *, 4> InnerProduct;
+    InnerProduct.push_back(Factors[LastIdx].Base);
+    do {
+      InnerProduct.push_back(Factors[Idx].Base);
+      ++Idx;
+    } while (Idx < Size && Factors[Idx].Power == Factors[LastIdx].Power);
+
+    // Reset the base value of the first factor to the new expression tree.
+    // We'll remove all the factors with the same power in a second pass.
+    Value *M = Factors[LastIdx].Base = buildMultiplyTree(Builder, InnerProduct);
+    if (Instruction *MI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(M))
+      RedoInsts.insert(MI);
+
+    LastIdx = Idx;
+  }
+  // Unique factors with equal powers -- we've folded them into the first one's
+  // base.
+  Factors.erase(llvm::unique(Factors,
+                             [](const Factor &LHS, const Factor &RHS) {
+                               return LHS.Power == RHS.Power;
+                             }),
+                Factors.end());
+
+  // Iteratively collect the base of each factor with an add power into the
+  // outer product, and halve each power in preparation for squaring the
+  // expression.
+  for (Factor &F : Factors) {
+    if (F.Power & 1)
+      OuterProduct.push_back(F.Base);
+    F.Power >>= 1;
+  }
+  if (Factors[0].Power) {
+    Value *SquareRoot = buildMinimalMultiplyDAG(Builder, Factors);
+    OuterProduct.push_back(SquareRoot);
+    OuterProduct.push_back(SquareRoot);
+  }
+  if (OuterProduct.size() == 1)
+    return OuterProduct.front();
+
+  Value *V = buildMultiplyTree(Builder, OuterProduct);
+  return V;
+}
+
+Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeMul(BinaryOperator *I,
+                                    SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
+  // We can only optimize the multiplies when there is a chain of more than
+  // three, such that a balanced tree might require fewer total multiplies.
+  if (Ops.size() < 4)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  // Try to turn linear trees of multiplies without other uses of the
+  // intermediate stages into minimal multiply DAGs with perfect sub-expression
+  // re-use.
+  SmallVector<Factor, 4> Factors;
+  if (!collectMultiplyFactors(Ops, Factors))
+    return nullptr; // All distinct factors, so nothing left for us to do.
+
+  IRBuilder<> Builder(I);
+  // The reassociate transformation for FP operations is performed only
+  // if unsafe algebra is permitted by FastMathFlags. Propagate those flags
+  // to the newly generated operations.
+  if (auto FPI = dyn_cast<FPMathOperator>(I))
+    Builder.setFastMathFlags(FPI->getFastMathFlags());
+
+  Value *V = buildMinimalMultiplyDAG(Builder, Factors);
+  if (Ops.empty())
+    return V;
+
+  ValueEntry NewEntry = ValueEntry(getRank(V), V);
+  Ops.insert(llvm::lower_bound(Ops, NewEntry), NewEntry);
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value *ReassociatePass::OptimizeExpression(BinaryOperator *I,
+                                           SmallVectorImpl<ValueEntry> &Ops) {
+  // Now that we have the linearized expression tree, try to optimize it.
+  // Start by folding any constants that we found.
+  const DataLayout &DL = I->getDataLayout();
+  Constant *Cst = nullptr;
+  unsigned Opcode = I->getOpcode();
+  while (!Ops.empty()) {
+    if (auto *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(Ops.back().Op)) {
+      if (!Cst) {
+        Ops.pop_back();
+        Cst = C;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (Constant *Res = ConstantFoldBinaryOpOperands(Opcode, C, Cst, DL)) {
+        Ops.pop_back();
+        Cst = Res;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  // If there was nothing but constants then we are done.
+  if (Ops.empty())
+    return Cst;
+
+  // Put the combined constant back at the end of the operand list, except if
+  // there is no point.  For example, an add of 0 gets dropped here, while a
+  // multiplication by zero turns the whole expression into zero.
+  if (Cst && Cst != ConstantExpr::getBinOpIdentity(Opcode, I->getType())) {
+    if (Cst == ConstantExpr::getBinOpAbsorber(Opcode, I->getType()))
+      return Cst;
+    Ops.push_back(ValueEntry(0, Cst));
+  }
+
+  if (Ops.size() == 1) return Ops[0].Op;
+
+  // Handle destructive annihilation due to identities between elements in the
+  // argument list here.
+  unsigned NumOps = Ops.size();
+  switch (Opcode) {
+  default: break;
+  case Instruction::And:
+  case Instruction::Or:
+    if (Value *Result = OptimizeAndOrXor(Opcode, Ops))
+      return Result;
+    break;
+
+  case Instruction::Xor:
+    if (Value *Result = OptimizeXor(I, Ops))
+      return Result;
+    break;
+
+  case Instruction::Add:
+  case Instruction::FAdd:
+    if (Value *Result = OptimizeAdd(I, Ops))
+      return Result;
+    break;
+
+  case Instruction::Mul:
+  case Instruction::FMul:
+    if (Value *Result = OptimizeMul(I, Ops))
+      return Result;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if (Ops.size() != NumOps)
+    return OptimizeExpression(I, Ops);
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+// Remove dead instructions and if any operands are trivially dead add them to
+// Insts so they will be removed as well.
+void ReassociatePass::RecursivelyEraseDeadInsts(Instruction *I,
+                                                OrderedSet &Insts) {
+  assert(isInstructionTriviallyDead(I) && "Trivially dead instructions only!");
+  SmallVector<Value *, 4> Ops(I->operands());
+  ValueRankMap.erase(I);
+  Insts.remove(I);
+  RedoInsts.remove(I);
+  llvm::salvageDebugInfo(*I);
+  I->eraseFromParent();
+  for (auto *Op : Ops)
+    if (Instruction *OpInst = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op))
+      if (OpInst->use_empty())
+        Insts.insert(OpInst);
+}
+
+/// Zap the given instruction, adding interesting operands to the work list.
+void ReassociatePass::EraseInst(Instruction *I) {
+  assert(isInstructionTriviallyDead(I) && "Trivially dead instructions only!");
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Erasing dead inst: "; I->dump());
+
+  SmallVector<Value *, 8> Ops(I->operands());
+  // Erase the dead instruction.
+  ValueRankMap.erase(I);
+  RedoInsts.remove(I);
+  llvm::salvageDebugInfo(*I);
+  I->eraseFromParent();
+  // Optimize its operands.
+  SmallPtrSet<Instruction *, 8> Visited; // Detect self-referential nodes.
+  for (Value *V : Ops)
+    if (Instruction *Op = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V)) {
+      // If this is a node in an expression tree, climb to the expression root
+      // and add that since that's where optimization actually happens.
+      unsigned Opcode = Op->getOpcode();
+      while (Op->hasOneUse() && Op->user_back()->getOpcode() == Opcode &&
+             Visited.insert(Op).second)
+        Op = Op->user_back();
+
+      // The instruction we're going to push may be coming from a
+      // dead block, and Reassociate skips the processing of unreachable
+      // blocks because it's a waste of time and also because it can
+      // lead to infinite loop due to LLVM's non-standard definition
+      // of dominance.
+      if (ValueRankMap.contains(Op))
+        RedoInsts.insert(Op);
+    }
+
+  MadeChange = true;
+}
+
+/// Recursively analyze an expression to build a list of instructions that have
+/// negative floating-point constant operands. The caller can then transform
+/// the list to create positive constants for better reassociation and CSE.
+static void getNegatibleInsts(Value *V,
+                              SmallVectorImpl<Instruction *> &Candidates) {
+  // Handle only one-use instructions. Combining negations does not justify
+  // replicating instructions.
+  Instruction *I;
+  if (!match(V, m_OneUse(m_Instruction(I))))
+    return;
+
+  // Handle expressions of multiplications and divisions.
+  // TODO: This could look through floating-point casts.
+  const APFloat *C;
+  switch (I->getOpcode()) {
+    case Instruction::FMul:
+      // Not expecting non-canonical code here. Bail out and wait.
+      if (match(I->getOperand(0), m_Constant()))
+        break;
+
+      if (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APFloat(C)) && C->isNegative()) {
+        Candidates.push_back(I);
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "FMul with negative constant: " << *I << '\n');
+      }
+      getNegatibleInsts(I->getOperand(0), Candidates);
+      getNegatibleInsts(I->getOperand(1), Candidates);
+      break;
+    case Instruction::FDiv:
+      // Not expecting non-canonical code here. Bail out and wait.
+      if (match(I->getOperand(0), m_Constant()) &&
+          match(I->getOperand(1), m_Constant()))
+        break;
+
+      if ((match(I->getOperand(0), m_APFloat(C)) && C->isNegative()) ||
+          (match(I->getOperand(1), m_APFloat(C)) && C->isNegative())) {
+        Candidates.push_back(I);
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "FDiv with negative constant: " << *I << '\n');
+      }
+      getNegatibleInsts(I->getOperand(0), Candidates);
+      getNegatibleInsts(I->getOperand(1), Candidates);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Given an fadd/fsub with an operand that is a one-use instruction
+/// (the fadd/fsub), try to change negative floating-point constants into
+/// positive constants to increase potential for reassociation and CSE.
+Instruction *ReassociatePass::canonicalizeNegFPConstantsForOp(Instruction *I,
+                                                              Instruction *Op,
+                                                              Value *OtherOp) {
+  assert((I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FAdd ||
+          I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FSub) && "Expected fadd/fsub");
+
+  // Collect instructions with negative FP constants from the subtree that ends
+  // in Op.
+  SmallVector<Instruction *, 4> Candidates;
+  getNegatibleInsts(Op, Candidates);
+  if (Candidates.empty())
+    return nullptr;
+
+  // Don't canonicalize x + (-Constant * y) -> x - (Constant * y), if the
+  // resulting subtract will be broken up later.  This can get us into an
+  // infinite loop during reassociation.
+  bool IsFSub = I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FSub;
+  bool NeedsSubtract = !IsFSub && Candidates.size() % 2 == 1;
+  if (NeedsSubtract && ShouldBreakUpSubtract(I))
+    return nullptr;
+
+  for (Instruction *Negatible : Candidates) {
+    const APFloat *C;
+    if (match(Negatible->getOperand(0), m_APFloat(C))) {
+      assert(!match(Negatible->getOperand(1), m_Constant()) &&
+             "Expecting only 1 constant operand");
+      assert(C->isNegative() && "Expected negative FP constant");
+      Negatible->setOperand(0, ConstantFP::get(Negatible->getType(), abs(*C)));
+      MadeChange = true;
+    }
+    if (match(Negatible->getOperand(1), m_APFloat(C))) {
+      assert(!match(Negatible->getOperand(0), m_Constant()) &&
+             "Expecting only 1 constant operand");
+      assert(C->isNegative() && "Expected negative FP constant");
+      Negatible->setOperand(1, ConstantFP::get(Negatible->getType(), abs(*C)));
+      MadeChange = true;
+    }
+  }
+  assert(MadeChange == true && "Negative constant candidate was not changed");
+
+  // Negations cancelled out.
+  if (Candidates.size() % 2 == 0)
+    return I;
+
+  // Negate the final operand in the expression by flipping the opcode of this
+  // fadd/fsub.
+  assert(Candidates.size() % 2 == 1 && "Expected odd number");
+  IRBuilder<> Builder(I);
+  Value *NewInst = IsFSub ? Builder.CreateFAddFMF(OtherOp, Op, I)
+                          : Builder.CreateFSubFMF(OtherOp, Op, I);
+  I->replaceAllUsesWith(NewInst);
+  RedoInsts.insert(I);
+  return dyn_cast<Instruction>(NewInst);
+}
+
+/// Canonicalize expressions that contain a negative floating-point constant
+/// of the following form:
+///   OtherOp + (subtree) -> OtherOp {+/-} (canonical subtree)
+///   (subtree) + OtherOp -> OtherOp {+/-} (canonical subtree)
+///   OtherOp - (subtree) -> OtherOp {+/-} (canonical subtree)
+///
+/// The fadd/fsub opcode may be switched to allow folding a negation into the
+/// input instruction.
+Instruction *ReassociatePass::canonicalizeNegFPConstants(Instruction *I) {
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Combine negations for: " << *I << '\n');
+  Value *X;
+  Instruction *Op;
+  if (match(I, m_FAdd(m_Value(X), m_OneUse(m_Instruction(Op)))))
+    if (Instruction *R = canonicalizeNegFPConstantsForOp(I, Op, X))
+      I = R;
+  if (match(I, m_FAdd(m_OneUse(m_Instruction(Op)), m_Value(X))))
+    if (Instruction *R = canonicalizeNegFPConstantsForOp(I, Op, X))
+      I = R;
+  if (match(I, m_FSub(m_Value(X), m_OneUse(m_Instruction(Op)))))
+    if (Instruction *R = canonicalizeNegFPConstantsForOp(I, Op, X))
+      I = R;
+  return I;
+}
+
+/// Inspect and optimize the given instruction. Note that erasing
+/// instructions is not allowed.
+void ReassociatePass::OptimizeInst(Instruction *I) {
+  // Only consider operations that we understand.
+  if (!isa<UnaryOperator>(I) && !isa<BinaryOperator>(I))
+    return;
+
+  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Shl && isa<ConstantInt>(I->getOperand(1)))
+    // If an operand of this shift is a reassociable multiply, or if the shift
+    // is used by a reassociable multiply or add, turn into a multiply.
+    if (isReassociableOp(I->getOperand(0), Instruction::Mul) ||
+        (I->hasOneUse() &&
+         (isReassociableOp(I->user_back(), Instruction::Mul) ||
+          isReassociableOp(I->user_back(), Instruction::Add)))) {
+      Instruction *NI = ConvertShiftToMul(I);
+      RedoInsts.insert(I);
+      MadeChange = true;
+      I = NI;
+    }
+
+  // Commute binary operators, to canonicalize the order of their operands.
+  // This can potentially expose more CSE opportunities, and makes writing other
+  // transformations simpler.
+  if (I->isCommutative())
+    canonicalizeOperands(I);
+
+  // Canonicalize negative constants out of expressions.
+  if (Instruction *Res = canonicalizeNegFPConstants(I))
+    I = Res;
+
+  // Don't optimize floating-point instructions unless they have the
+  // appropriate FastMathFlags for reassociation enabled.
+  if (isa<FPMathOperator>(I) && !hasFPAssociativeFlags(I))
+    return;
+
+  // Do not reassociate boolean (i1/vXi1) expressions.  We want to preserve the
+  // original order of evaluation for short-circuited comparisons that
+  // SimplifyCFG has folded to AND/OR expressions.  If the expression
+  // is not further optimized, it is likely to be transformed back to a
+  // short-circuited form for code gen, and the source order may have been
+  // optimized for the most likely conditions. For vector boolean expressions,
+  // we should be optimizing for ILP and not serializing the logical operations.
+  if (I->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy(1))
+    return;
+
+  // If this is a bitwise or instruction of operands
+  // with no common bits set, convert it to X+Y.
+  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or &&
+      shouldConvertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(I) && !isLoadCombineCandidate(I) &&
+      (cast<PossiblyDisjointInst>(I)->isDisjoint() ||
+       haveNoCommonBitsSet(I->getOperand(0), I->getOperand(1),
+                           SimplifyQuery(I->getDataLayout(),
+                                         /*DT=*/nullptr, /*AC=*/nullptr, I)))) {
+    Instruction *NI = convertOrWithNoCommonBitsToAdd(I);
+    RedoInsts.insert(I);
+    MadeChange = true;
+    I = NI;
+  }
+
+  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul && ShouldBreakUpDistribution(I)) {
+    Instruction *MulUser = cast<Instruction>(I->user_back());
+    BreakUpDistribute(I, RedoInsts);
+    RedoInsts.insert(I);
+    RedoInsts.insert(MulUser);
+    MadeChange = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If this is a subtract instruction which is not already in negate form,
+  // see if we can convert it to X+-Y.
+  if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub) {
+    if (ShouldBreakUpSubtract(I)) {
+      Instruction *NI = BreakUpSubtract(I, RedoInsts);
+      RedoInsts.insert(I);
+      MadeChange = true;
+      I = NI;
+    } else if (match(I, m_Neg(m_Value()))) {
+      // Otherwise, this is a negation.  See if the operand is a multiply tree
+      // and if this is not an inner node of a multiply tree.
+      if (isReassociableOp(I->getOperand(1), Instruction::Mul) &&
+          (!I->hasOneUse() ||
+           !isReassociableOp(I->user_back(), Instruction::Mul))) {
+        Instruction *NI = LowerNegateToMultiply(I);
+        // If the negate was simplified, revisit the users to see if we can
+        // reassociate further.
+        for (User *U : NI->users()) {
+          if (BinaryOperator *Tmp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(U))
+            RedoInsts.insert(Tmp);
+        }
+        RedoInsts.insert(I);
+        MadeChange = true;
+        I = NI;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FNeg ||
+             I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FSub) {
+    if (ShouldBreakUpSubtract(I)) {
+      Instruction *NI = BreakUpSubtract(I, RedoInsts);
+      RedoInsts.insert(I);
+      MadeChange = true;
+      I = NI;
+    } else if (match(I, m_FNeg(m_Value()))) {
+      // Otherwise, this is a negation.  See if the operand is a multiply tree
+      // and if this is not an inner node of a multiply tree.
+      Value *Op = isa<BinaryOperator>(I) ? I->getOperand(1) :
+                                           I->getOperand(0);
+      if (isReassociableOp(Op, Instruction::FMul) &&
+          (!I->hasOneUse() ||
+           !isReassociableOp(I->user_back(), Instruction::FMul))) {
+        // If the negate was simplified, revisit the users to see if we can
+        // reassociate further.
+        Instruction *NI = LowerNegateToMultiply(I);
+        for (User *U : NI->users()) {
+          if (BinaryOperator *Tmp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(U))
+            RedoInsts.insert(Tmp);
+        }
+        RedoInsts.insert(I);
+        MadeChange = true;
+        I = NI;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If this instruction is an associative binary operator, process it.
+  if (!I->isAssociative()) return;
+  BinaryOperator *BO = cast<BinaryOperator>(I);
+
+  // If this is an interior node of a reassociable tree, ignore it until we
+  // get to the root of the tree, to avoid N^2 analysis.
+  unsigned Opcode = BO->getOpcode();
+  if (BO->hasOneUse() && BO->user_back()->getOpcode() == Opcode) {
+    // During the initial run we will get to the root of the tree.
+    // But if we get here while we are redoing instructions, there is no
+    // guarantee that the root will be visited. So Redo later
+    if (BO->user_back() != BO &&
+        BO->getParent() == BO->user_back()->getParent())
+      RedoInsts.insert(BO->user_back());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If this is an add tree that is used by a sub instruction, ignore it
+  // until we process the subtract.
+  if (BO->hasOneUse() && BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add &&
+      cast<Instruction>(BO->user_back())->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub)
+    return;
+  if (BO->hasOneUse() && BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::FAdd &&
+      cast<Instruction>(BO->user_back())->getOpcode() == Instruction::FSub)
+    return;
+
+  ReassociateExpression(BO);
+}
+
+void ReassociatePass::ReassociateExpression(BinaryOperator *I) {
+  // First, walk the expression tree, linearizing the tree, collecting the
+  // operand information.
+  SmallVector<RepeatedValue, 8> Tree;
+  OverflowTracking Flags;
+  MadeChange |= LinearizeExprTree(I, Tree, RedoInsts, Flags);
+  SmallVector<ValueEntry, 8> Ops;
+  Ops.reserve(Tree.size());
+  for (const RepeatedValue &E : Tree)
+    Ops.append(E.second, ValueEntry(getRank(E.first), E.first));
+
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RAIn:\t"; PrintOps(I, Ops); dbgs() << '\n');
+
+  // Now that we have linearized the tree to a list and have gathered all of
+  // the operands and their ranks, sort the operands by their rank.  Use a
+  // stable_sort so that values with equal ranks will have their relative
+  // positions maintained (and so the compiler is deterministic).  Note that
+  // this sorts so that the highest ranking values end up at the beginning of
+  // the vector.
+  llvm::stable_sort(Ops);
+
+  // Now that we have the expression tree in a convenient
+  // sorted form, optimize it globally if possible.
+  if (Value *V = OptimizeExpression(I, Ops)) {
+    if (V == I)
+      // Self-referential expression in unreachable code.
+      return;
+    // This expression tree simplified to something that isn't a tree,
+    // eliminate it.
+    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Reassoc to scalar: " << *V << '\n');
+    I->replaceAllUsesWith(V);
+    if (Instruction *VI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V))
+      if (I->getDebugLoc())
+        VI->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
+    RedoInsts.insert(I);
+    ++NumAnnihil;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // We want to sink immediates as deeply as possible except in the case where
+  // this is a multiply tree used only by an add, and the immediate is a -1.
+  // In this case we reassociate to put the negation on the outside so that we
+  // can fold the negation into the add: (-X)*Y + Z -> Z-X*Y
+  if (I->hasOneUse()) {
+    if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul &&
+        cast<Instruction>(I->user_back())->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add &&
+        isa<ConstantInt>(Ops.back().Op) &&
+        cast<ConstantInt>(Ops.back().Op)->isMinusOne()) {
+      ValueEntry Tmp = Ops.pop_back_val();
+      Ops.insert(Ops.begin(), Tmp);
+    } else if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::FMul &&
+               cast<Instruction>(I->user_back())->getOpcode() ==
+                   Instruction::FAdd &&
+               isa<ConstantFP>(Ops.back().Op) &&
+               cast<ConstantFP>(Ops.back().Op)->isExactlyValue(-1.0)) {
+      ValueEntry Tmp = Ops.pop_back_val();
+      Ops.insert(Ops.begin(), Tmp);
+    }
+  }
+
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RAOut:\t"; PrintOps(I, Ops); dbgs() << '\n');
+
+  if (Ops.size() == 1) {
+    if (Ops[0].Op == I)
+      // Self-referential expression in unreachable code.
+      return;
+
+    // This expression tree simplified to something that isn't a tree,
+    // eliminate it.
+    I->replaceAllUsesWith(Ops[0].Op);
+    if (Instruction *OI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Ops[0].Op))
+      OI->setDebugLoc(I->getDebugLoc());
+    RedoInsts.insert(I);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (Ops.size() > 2 && Ops.size() <= GlobalReassociateLimit) {
+    // Find the pair with the highest count in the pairmap and move it to the
+    // back of the list so that it can later be CSE'd.
+    // example:
+    //   a*b*c*d*e
+    // if c*e is the most "popular" pair, we can express this as
+    //   (((c*e)*d)*b)*a
+    unsigned Max = 1;
+    unsigned BestRank = 0;
+    std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> BestPair;
+    unsigned Idx = I->getOpcode() - Instruction::BinaryOpsBegin;
+    unsigned LimitIdx = 0;
+    // With the CSE-driven heuristic, we are about to slap two values at the
+    // beginning of the expression whereas they could live very late in the CFG.
+    // When using the CSE-local heuristic we avoid creating dependences from
+    // completely unrelated part of the CFG by limiting the expression
+    // reordering on the values that live in the first seen basic block.
+    // The main idea is that we want to avoid forming expressions that would
+    // become loop dependent.
+    if (UseCSELocalOpt) {
+      const BasicBlock *FirstSeenBB = nullptr;
+      int StartIdx = Ops.size() - 1;
+      // Skip the first value of the expression since we need at least two
+      // values to materialize an expression. I.e., even if this value is
+      // anchored in a different basic block, the actual first sub expression
+      // will be anchored on the second value.
+      for (int i = StartIdx - 1; i != -1; --i) {
+        const Value *Val = Ops[i].Op;
+        const auto *CurrLeafInstr = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Val);
+        const BasicBlock *SeenBB = nullptr;
+        if (!CurrLeafInstr) {
+          // The value is free of any CFG dependencies.
+          // Do as if it lives in the entry block.
+          //
+          // We do this to make sure all the values falling on this path are
+          // seen through the same anchor point. The rationale is these values
+          // can be combined together to from a sub expression free of any CFG
+          // dependencies so we want them to stay together.
+          // We could be cleverer and postpone the anchor down to the first
+          // anchored value, but that's likely complicated to get right.
+          // E.g., we wouldn't want to do that if that means being stuck in a
+          // loop.
+          //
+          // For instance, we wouldn't want to change:
+          // res = arg1 op arg2 op arg3 op ... op loop_val1 op loop_val2 ...
+          // into
+          // res = loop_val1 op arg1 op arg2 op arg3 op ... op loop_val2 ...
+          // Because all the sub expressions with arg2..N would be stuck between
+          // two loop dependent values.
+          SeenBB = &I->getParent()->getParent()->getEntryBlock();
+        } else {
+          SeenBB = CurrLeafInstr->getParent();
+        }
+
+        if (!FirstSeenBB) {
+          FirstSeenBB = SeenBB;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (FirstSeenBB != SeenBB) {
+          // ith value is in a different basic block.
+          // Rewind the index once to point to the last value on the same basic
+          // block.
+          LimitIdx = i + 1;
+          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "CSE reordering: Consider values between ["
+                            << LimitIdx << ", " << StartIdx << "]\n");
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    for (unsigned i = Ops.size() - 1; i > LimitIdx; --i) {
+      // We must use int type to go below zero when LimitIdx is 0.
+      for (int j = i - 1; j >= (int)LimitIdx; --j) {
+        unsigned Score = 0;
+        Value *Op0 = Ops[i].Op;
+        Value *Op1 = Ops[j].Op;
+        if (std::less<Value *>()(Op1, Op0))
+          std::swap(Op0, Op1);
+        auto it = PairMap[Idx].find({Op0, Op1});
+        if (it != PairMap[Idx].end()) {
+          // Functions like BreakUpSubtract() can erase the Values we're using
+          // as keys and create new Values after we built the PairMap. There's a
+          // small chance that the new nodes can have the same address as
+          // something already in the table. We shouldn't accumulate the stored
+          // score in that case as it refers to the wrong Value.
+          if (it->second.isValid())
+            Score += it->second.Score;
+        }
+
+        unsigned MaxRank = std::max(Ops[i].Rank, Ops[j].Rank);
+
+        // By construction, the operands are sorted in reverse order of their
+        // topological order.
+        // So we tend to form (sub) expressions with values that are close to
+        // each other.
+        //
+        // Now to expose more CSE opportunities we want to expose the pair of
+        // operands that occur the most (as statically computed in
+        // BuildPairMap.) as the first sub-expression.
+        //
+        // If two pairs occur as many times, we pick the one with the
+        // lowest rank, meaning the one with both operands appearing first in
+        // the topological order.
+        if (Score > Max || (Score == Max && MaxRank < BestRank)) {
+          BestPair = {j, i};
+          Max = Score;
+          BestRank = MaxRank;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (Max > 1) {
+      auto Op0 = Ops[BestPair.first];
+      auto Op1 = Ops[BestPair.second];
+      Ops.erase(&Ops[BestPair.second]);
+      Ops.erase(&Ops[BestPair.first]);
+      Ops.push_back(Op0);
+      Ops.push_back(Op1);
+    }
+  }
+  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RAOut after CSE reorder:\t"; PrintOps(I, Ops);
+             dbgs() << '\n');
+  // Now that we ordered and optimized the expressions, splat them back into
+  // the expression tree, removing any unneeded nodes.
+  RewriteExprTree(I, Ops, Flags);
+}
+
+void
+ReassociatePass::BuildPairMap(ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function *> &RPOT) {
+  // Make a "pairmap" of how often each operand pair occurs.
+  for (BasicBlock *BI : RPOT) {
+    for (Instruction &I : *BI) {
+      if (!I.isAssociative() || !I.isBinaryOp())
+        continue;
+
+      // Ignore nodes that aren't at the root of trees.
+      if (I.hasOneUse() && I.user_back()->getOpcode() == I.getOpcode())
+        continue;
+
+      // Collect all operands in a single reassociable expression.
+      // Since Reassociate has already been run once, we can assume things
+      // are already canonical according to Reassociation's regime.
+      SmallVector<Value *, 8> Worklist = { I.getOperand(0), I.getOperand(1) };
+      SmallVector<Value *, 8> Ops;
+      while (!Worklist.empty() && Ops.size() <= GlobalReassociateLimit) {
+        Value *Op = Worklist.pop_back_val();
+        Instruction *OpI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op);
+        if (!OpI || OpI->getOpcode() != I.getOpcode() || !OpI->hasOneUse()) {
+          Ops.push_back(Op);
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Be paranoid about self-referencing expressions in unreachable code.
+        if (OpI->getOperand(0) != OpI)
+          Worklist.push_back(OpI->getOperand(0));
+        if (OpI->getOperand(1) != OpI)
+          Worklist.push_back(OpI->getOperand(1));
+      }
+      // Skip extremely long expressions.
+      if (Ops.size() > GlobalReassociateLimit)
+        continue;
+
+      // Add all pairwise combinations of operands to the pair map.
+      unsigned BinaryIdx = I.getOpcode() - Instruction::BinaryOpsBegin;
+      SmallSet<std::pair<Value *, Value*>, 32> Visited;
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < Ops.size() - 1; ++i) {
+        for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < Ops.size(); ++j) {
+          // Canonicalize operand orderings.
+          Value *Op0 = Ops[i];
+          Value *Op1 = Ops[j];
+          if (std::less<Value *>()(Op1, Op0))
+            std::swap(Op0, Op1);
+          if (!Visited.insert({Op0, Op1}).second)
+            continue;
+          auto res = PairMap[BinaryIdx].insert({{Op0, Op1}, {Op0, Op1, 1}});
+          if (!res.second) {
+            // If either key value has been erased then we've got the same
+            // address by coincidence. That can't happen here because nothing is
+            // erasing values but it can happen by the time we're querying the
+            // map.
+            assert(res.first->second.isValid() && "WeakVH invalidated");
+            ++res.first->second.Score;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+PreservedAnalyses ReassociatePass::run(Function &F, FunctionAnalysisManager &) {
+  // Get the functions basic blocks in Reverse Post Order. This order is used by
+  // BuildRankMap to pre calculate ranks correctly. It also excludes dead basic
+  // blocks (it has been seen that the analysis in this pass could hang when
+  // analysing dead basic blocks).
+  ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function *> RPOT(&F);
+
+  // Calculate the rank map for F.
+  BuildRankMap(F, RPOT);
+
+  // Build the pair map before running reassociate.
+  // Technically this would be more accurate if we did it after one round
+  // of reassociation, but in practice it doesn't seem to help much on
+  // real-world code, so don't waste the compile time running reassociate
+  // twice.
+  // If a user wants, they could expicitly run reassociate twice in their
+  // pass pipeline for further potential gains.
+  // It might also be possible to update the pair map during runtime, but the
+  // overhead of that may be large if there's many reassociable chains.
+  BuildPairMap(RPOT);
+
+  MadeChange = false;
+
+  // Traverse the same blocks that were analysed by BuildRankMap.
+  for (BasicBlock *BI : RPOT) {
+    assert(RankMap.count(&*BI) && "BB should be ranked.");
+    // Optimize every instruction in the basic block.
+    for (BasicBlock::iterator II = BI->begin(), IE = BI->end(); II != IE;)
+      if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(&*II)) {
+        EraseInst(&*II++);
+      } else {
+        OptimizeInst(&*II);
+        assert(II->getParent() == &*BI && "Moved to a different block!");
+        ++II;
+      }
+
+    // Make a copy of all the instructions to be redone so we can remove dead
+    // instructions.
+    OrderedSet ToRedo(RedoInsts);
+    // Iterate over all instructions to be reevaluated and remove trivially dead
+    // instructions. If any operand of the trivially dead instruction becomes
+    // dead mark it for deletion as well. Continue this process until all
+    // trivially dead instructions have been removed.
+    while (!ToRedo.empty()) {
+      Instruction *I = ToRedo.pop_back_val();
+      if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(I)) {
+        RecursivelyEraseDeadInsts(I, ToRedo);
+        MadeChange = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Now that we have removed dead instructions, we can reoptimize the
+    // remaining instructions.
+    while (!RedoInsts.empty()) {
+      Instruction *I = RedoInsts.front();
+      RedoInsts.erase(RedoInsts.begin());
+      if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(I))
+        EraseInst(I);
+      else
+        OptimizeInst(I);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // We are done with the rank map and pair map.
+  RankMap.clear();
+  ValueRankMap.clear();
+  for (auto &Entry : PairMap)
+    Entry.clear();
+
+  if (MadeChange) {
+    PreservedAnalyses PA;
+    PA.preserveSet<CFGAnalyses>();
+    return PA;
+  }
+
+  return PreservedAnalyses::all();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class ReassociateLegacyPass : public FunctionPass {
+  ReassociatePass Impl;
+
+public:
+  static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
+
+  ReassociateLegacyPass() : FunctionPass(ID) {
+    initializeReassociateLegacyPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
+  }
+
+  bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override {
+    if (skipFunction(F))
+      return false;
+
+    FunctionAnalysisManager DummyFAM;
+    auto PA = Impl.run(F, DummyFAM);
+    return !PA.areAllPreserved();
+  }
+
+  void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
+    AU.setPreservesCFG();
+    AU.addPreserved<AAResultsWrapperPass>();
+    AU.addPreserved<BasicAAWrapperPass>();
+    AU.addPreserved<GlobalsAAWrapperPass>();
+  }
+};
+
+} // end anonymous namespace
+
+char ReassociateLegacyPass::ID = 0;
+
+INITIALIZE_PASS(ReassociateLegacyPass, "reassociate",
+                "Reassociate expressions", false, false)
+
+// Public interface to the Reassociate pass
+FunctionPass *llvm::createReassociatePass() {
+  return new ReassociateLegacyPass();
+}



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