[llvm] [SROA] Extend tree-structured merge to handle init + RMW pattern (PR #194441)

Princeton Ferro via llvm-commits llvm-commits at lists.llvm.org
Fri May 1 17:05:49 PDT 2026


================
@@ -2935,143 +2955,348 @@ class AllocaSliceRewriter : public InstVisitor<AllocaSliceRewriter, bool> {
 
     for (Slice &S : P) {
       auto *User = cast<Instruction>(S.getUse()->getUser());
+      // A "full-width" slice spans the entire alloca; it's either the single
+      // init store (Pattern 2) or the single final load (both patterns).
+      bool IsFullWidth = (S.beginOffset() == NewAllocaBeginOffset &&
+                          S.endOffset() == NewAllocaEndOffset);
       if (auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(User)) {
-        // Do not handle the case if
-        //   1. There is more than one load
-        //   2. The load is volatile
-        //   3. The load does not read the entire alloca structure
-        //   4. The load does not meet the conditions in the helper function
-        if (TheLoad || !IsTypeValidForTreeStructuredMerge(LI->getType()) ||
-            S.beginOffset() != NewAllocaBeginOffset ||
-            S.endOffset() != NewAllocaEndOffset || LI->isVolatile())
+        // Only handle simple (non-volatile, non-atomic) loads.
+        if (!LI->isSimple() ||
+            !IsTypeValidForTreeStructuredMerge(LI->getType()))
           return std::nullopt;
-        TheLoad = LI;
+        if (IsFullWidth) {
+          // We accept at most one full-width load (the "final" load, after
+          // all the partial stores).
+          if (FullLoad)
+            return std::nullopt;
+          FullLoad = LI;
+        } else {
+          // Partial load (RMW pattern only).
+          LoadInfos.push_back({LI, S.beginOffset(), S.endOffset()});
+        }
       } else if (auto *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(User)) {
         // Do not handle the case if
         //   1. The store does not meet the conditions in the helper function
-        //   2. The store is volatile
-        //   3. The total store size is not a multiple of the allocated element
-        //   type size
-        if (!IsTypeValidForTreeStructuredMerge(
-                SI->getValueOperand()->getType()) ||
-            SI->isVolatile())
+        //   2. The store is not simple — we drop stores as part of the
+        //      rewrite, so volatile stores (which must be kept) and atomic
+        //      stores (which carry memory-ordering semantics) are unsound
+        //      to replace with SSA bookkeeping.
+        //   3. The total store size is not a multiple of the allocated
+        //      element type size (required so the tree merge can produce a
+        //      vector whose element type matches the alloca).
+        if (!SI->isSimple() || !IsTypeValidForTreeStructuredMerge(
+                                   SI->getValueOperand()->getType()))
           return std::nullopt;
-        auto *VecTy = cast<FixedVectorType>(SI->getValueOperand()->getType());
-        unsigned NumElts = VecTy->getNumElements();
-        unsigned EltSize = DL.getTypeSizeInBits(VecTy->getElementType());
+        auto *StVecTy = cast<FixedVectorType>(SI->getValueOperand()->getType());
+        unsigned NumElts = StVecTy->getNumElements();
+        unsigned EltSize = DL.getTypeSizeInBits(StVecTy->getElementType());
         if (NumElts * EltSize % AllocatedEltTySize != 0)
           return std::nullopt;
-        StoreInfos.emplace_back(SI, S.beginOffset(), S.endOffset(),
-                                SI->getValueOperand());
+        if (IsFullWidth) {
+          // At most one full-width store is allowed — it's the init store
+          // for the RMW pattern.
+          if (InitStore)
+            return std::nullopt;
+          InitStore = SI;
+          InitValue = SI->getValueOperand();
+        } else {
+          StoreInfos.emplace_back(SI, S.beginOffset(), S.endOffset(),
+                                  SI->getValueOperand());
+        }
       } else {
-        // If we have instructions other than load and store, we cannot do the
-        // tree structured merge
+        // If we have instructions other than load and store, we cannot do
+        // the tree structured merge.
         return std::nullopt;
       }
     }
-    // If we do not have any load, we cannot do the tree structured merge
-    if (!TheLoad)
+
+    // Classify the pattern by looking at what we collected:
+    //   Pattern 1 (stores-only): only partial stores + exactly one full load.
+    //   Pattern 2 (RMW): one full init store + partial loads + partial stores
+    //     (+ optional full final load). RMW also needs VecTy to be set
+    //     because we use getIndex() to convert byte offsets to element
+    //     indices, which requires a promoted vector alloca.
+    bool IsRMWPattern =
+        InitStore != nullptr && !LoadInfos.empty() && VecTy != nullptr;
+    bool IsStoresOnlyPattern =
+        InitStore == nullptr && LoadInfos.empty() && FullLoad != nullptr;
+    if (!IsRMWPattern && !IsStoresOnlyPattern)
       return std::nullopt;
 
-    // If we do not have multiple stores, we cannot do the tree structured merge
+    // Need at least two partial stores to benefit from tree-merging; a
+    // single store is already optimal as-is.
     if (StoreInfos.size() < 2)
       return std::nullopt;
 
-    // Stores should not overlap and should cover the whole alloca
-    // Sort by begin offset
-    llvm::sort(StoreInfos, [](const StoreInfo &A, const StoreInfo &B) {
-      return A.BeginOffset < B.BeginOffset;
-    });
+    // All partial stores must live in the same basic block — the tree merge
+    // is built in a single BB using block-order ordering (comesBefore).
+    BasicBlock *StoreBB = StoreInfos[0].Store->getParent();
+    for (auto &Info : StoreInfos)
+      if (Info.Store->getParent() != StoreBB)
+        return std::nullopt;
+
+    SmallVector<Value *, 4> DeletedValues;
 
-    // Check for overlaps and coverage
-    uint64_t ExpectedStart = NewAllocaBeginOffset;
-    for (auto &StoreInfo : StoreInfos) {
-      uint64_t BeginOff = StoreInfo.BeginOffset;
-      uint64_t EndOff = StoreInfo.EndOffset;
+    // Helper: run the pairwise tree merge on a queue of vectors and return
+    // the merged result. At each iteration of the while-loop we pop pairs
+    // of vectors, concatenate them with mergeTwoVectors, and push the
+    // result back. An odd leftover is rotated to the end so it pairs up in
+    // the next iteration. Final queue size == 1 is the fully-merged vector.
+    auto TreeMerge = [&](std::queue<Value *> &Q, IRBuilder<> &B) -> Value * {
+      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "  Rewrite stores into shufflevectors:\n");
+      while (Q.size() > 1) {
+        const auto N = Q.size();
+        for ([[maybe_unused]] const auto _ : llvm::seq(N / 2)) {
+          Value *V0 = Q.front();
+          Q.pop();
+          Value *V1 = Q.front();
+          Q.pop();
+          Value *M = mergeTwoVectors(V0, V1, DL, AllocatedEltTy, B);
+          LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    shufflevector: " << *M << "\n");
+          Q.push(M);
+        }
+        if (N % 2 == 1) {
+          Value *V = Q.front();
+          Q.pop();
+          Q.push(V);
+        }
+      }
+      return Q.front();
+    };
 
-      // Check for gap or overlap
-      if (BeginOff != ExpectedStart)
+    if (IsStoresOnlyPattern) {
+      // Stores should not overlap and should cover the whole alloca.
+      // Sort by begin offset to verify this with a single linear scan.
+      llvm::sort(StoreInfos, [](const StoreInfo &A, const StoreInfo &B) {
+        return A.BeginOffset < B.BeginOffset;
+      });
+      // Check for gap or overlap: each begin offset must equal the previous
+      // end offset, i.e. the store ranges must tile [NewAllocaBeginOffset,
+      // NewAllocaEndOffset) exactly.
+      uint64_t Expected = NewAllocaBeginOffset;
+      for (auto &Info : StoreInfos) {
+        if (Info.BeginOffset != Expected)
+          return std::nullopt;
+        Expected = Info.EndOffset;
+      }
+      // Stores cover the entire alloca (no trailing gap either).
+      if (Expected != NewAllocaEndOffset)
         return std::nullopt;
 
-      ExpectedStart = EndOff;
+      // The load should not be in the middle of the stores.
+      // Note:
+      // If the load is in a different basic block from the stores, we can
+      // still do the tree-structured merge. We don't have store->load
+      // forwarding here — the merged vector is stored back to NewAI and
+      // the new load loads from NewAI. The forwarding will be handled
+      // later when NewAI is promoted.
+      BasicBlock *LoadBB = FullLoad->getParent();
+      if (LoadBB == StoreBB) {
+        for (auto &Info : StoreInfos)
+          if (!Info.Store->comesBefore(FullLoad))
+            return std::nullopt;
+      }
+
+      LLVM_DEBUG({
+        dbgs() << "Tree structured merge rewrite (stores-only):\n";
+        dbgs() << "  Load: " << *FullLoad << "\n Ordered stores:\n";
+        for (auto [i, Info] : enumerate(StoreInfos))
+          dbgs() << "    [" << i << "] Range[" << Info.BeginOffset << ", "
+                 << Info.EndOffset << ") \tStore: " << *Info.Store
+                 << "\tValue: " << *Info.StoredValue << "\n";
+      });
+
+      // StoreInfos is sorted by offset, not by block order. Anchoring to
+      // StoreInfos.back().Store (last by offset) can place shuffles before
+      // operands that appear later in the block (invalid SSA). Insert before
+      // FullLoad when it shares the store block (after all stores, before
+      // any later IR in that block). Otherwise insert before the store
+      // block's terminator so the merge runs after every store and any
+      // trailing instructions in that block.
+      IRBuilder<> Builder(LoadBB == StoreBB ? cast<Instruction>(FullLoad)
+                                            : StoreBB->getTerminator());
+      std::queue<Value *> Q;
+      for (const auto &Info : StoreInfos) {
+        DeletedValues.push_back(Info.Store);
+        Q.push(Info.StoredValue);
+      }
+      // Merge all stored values and store the merged value into the alloca.
+      Value *Merged = TreeMerge(Q, Builder);
+      Builder.CreateAlignedStore(Merged, &NewAI, getSliceAlign());
+
+      // Replace the original load with a load of the newly-merged alloca.
+      // Later promotion will forward the store we just created to this load.
+      IRBuilder<> LoadBuilder(FullLoad);
+      FullLoad->replaceAllUsesWith(LoadBuilder.CreateAlignedLoad(
+          FullLoad->getType(), &NewAI, getSliceAlign(), FullLoad->isVolatile(),
+          FullLoad->getName() + ".sroa.new.load"));
+      DeletedValues.push_back(FullLoad);
+      return DeletedValues;
     }
-    // Check that stores cover the entire alloca
-    if (ExpectedStart != NewAllocaEndOffset)
-      return std::nullopt;
 
-    // Stores should be in the same basic block
-    // The load should not be in the middle of the stores
-    // Note:
-    // If the load is in a different basic block with the stores, we can still
-    // do the tree structured merge. This is because we do not have the
-    // store->load forwarding here. The merged vector will be stored back to
-    // NewAI and the new load will load from NewAI. The forwarding will be
-    // handled later when we try to promote NewAI.
-    BasicBlock *LoadBB = TheLoad->getParent();
-    BasicBlock *StoreBB = StoreInfos[0].Store->getParent();
+    // RMW pattern handling starts from here.
+    // Like StoreBB above: keep the init store, all partial loads and all
+    // partial stores in one basic block so we can reason about ordering
+    // with comesBefore and build SSA without PHIs.
+    if (InitStore->getParent() != StoreBB)
+      return std::nullopt;
+    for (auto &Info : LoadInfos)
+      if (Info.Load->getParent() != StoreBB)
+        return std::nullopt;
+    // FullLoad (if any) is allowed to live in a different basic block. See
+    // the note on the stores-only path: we don't do store->load forwarding
+    // directly — the merged vector is stored to NewAI and the new load
+    // loads from NewAI, so cross-BB ordering is resolved later when NewAI
+    // is promoted.
+
+    // Collect the combined partial-load/partial-store accesses sorted
+    // by block order. Used both for ordering checks and for the rewrite
+    // walk below.
+    struct Access {
+      Instruction *Inst;
+      uint64_t BeginOffset;
+      uint64_t EndOffset;
+      bool IsStore;
+    };
+    SmallVector<Access, 16> Accesses;
+    Accesses.reserve(LoadInfos.size() + StoreInfos.size());
----------------
Prince781 wrote:

```suggestion
    SmallVector<Access, 16> Accesses(LoadInfos.size() + StoreInfos.size());
```

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/194441


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