[llvm] [IR] Use iteration limit in stripPointerCastsAndOffsets (PR #190472)

[Alexis Engelke via llvm-commits]

aengelke wrote:

Preliminary [stage2-O3 -0.12%](https://llvm-compile-time-tracker.com/compare.php?from=c34c0442ee1fe400dc35a7dd7776d48ad65768dd&to=21a154b6c7e549d695f6a4c83ebeebb308adf5bd&stat=instructions:u)

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/190472