[llvm] [IR2Vec] Introducing python bindings for IR2Vec (PR #173194)

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Tue Dec 23 02:41:06 PST 2025


llvmbot wrote:


<!--LLVM PR SUMMARY COMMENT-->

@llvm/pr-subscribers-mlgo

Author: Nishant Sachdeva  (nishant-sachdeva)

<details>
<summary>Changes</summary>

# Introducing Python Bindings for llvm-ir2vec
- Addresses https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/141839

## Summary

This patch refactors the llvm-ir2vec tool to support Python bindings. This done by the following changes

## Changes

### 1. Library Extraction (`lib/`)

- **Created `lib/EmbTool`**: Extracted embedding tool functionality from `llvm-ir2vec.cpp` into a separate library
  - `lib/emb-tool.cpp`: Core embedding generation logic
  - `lib/emb-tool.h`: Public interface for the embedding tool
  - `lib/CMakeLists.txt`: Library build configuration

### 2. Tool Refactoring

- **Simplified `llvm-ir2vec.cpp`**: Refactored to use the `EmbTool` library, removing code duplication
- Command-line tool now acts as a thin wrapper around the library functionality

### 3. Python Bindings (`bindings/`)

- **Added `bindings/ir2vec_bindings.cpp`**: pybind11-based Python bindings
  - Provides Pythonic interface for embedding generation
- **Added `bindings/CMakeLists.txt`**: Build configuration for Python module
  - Gracefully handles missing pybind11 dependency
  - Creates `py_ir2vec` Python module

### 4. Build System

- **Updated root `CMakeLists.txt`**: 
  - Builds library before tool and bindings
  - Links tool and bindings against `EmbTool` library
- All LLVM component dependencies properly propagated through the library

## Directory Structure
```
llvm-ir2vec/
├── lib/                      # Core library
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   ├── emb-tool.cpp
│   └── emb-tool.h
├── bindings/                 # Python bindings
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   └── ir2vec_bindings.cpp
├── CMakeLists.txt           # Root build config
└── llvm-ir2vec.cpp          # Command-line tool
```

## Benefits

1. **Code Reusability**: Core functionality now available as a library
2. **Python Integration**: Enables programmatic usage from Python scripts and notebooks
3. **Maintainability**: Single source of truth for embedding logic
4. **Backward Compatibility**: Existing command-line tool behavior unchanged
5. **Optional Dependencies**: Python bindings gracefully skipped if pybind11 unavailable


## Usage

```python
import py_ir2vec

tool = py_ir2vec.IR2VecTool("input.ll")
entities = tool.getEntityMappings()
triplets = tool.generateTriplets()
```

## Next Steps

- Python API method for embedding generation
- Extending an equivalent API structure to MIR2Vec
- Wheel file builds

---

Patch is 33.42 KiB, truncated to 20.00 KiB below, full version: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/173194.diff


7 Files Affected:

- (modified) llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/CMakeLists.txt (+9-19) 
- (added) llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/bindings/CMakeLists.txt (+14) 
- (added) llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/bindings/ir2vec_bindings.cpp (+107) 
- (added) llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/CMakeLists.txt (+28) 
- (added) llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/emb-tool.cpp (+421) 
- (renamed) llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/emb-tool.h (+3-3) 
- (modified) llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/llvm-ir2vec.cpp (+1-371) 


``````````diff
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/CMakeLists.txt b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/CMakeLists.txt
index 2bb6686392907..d5956cde6892d 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,15 @@
-set(LLVM_LINK_COMPONENTS
-  # Core LLVM components for IR processing
-  Analysis
-  Core
-  IRReader
-  Support
-  
-  # Machine IR components (for -mode=mir)
-  CodeGen           
-  MIRParser         
-  
-  # Target initialization (required for MIR parsing)
-  AllTargetsAsmParsers
-  AllTargetsCodeGens
-  AllTargetsDescs
-  AllTargetsInfos
-  TargetParser
-  )
+# Build the library first
+add_subdirectory(lib)
 
+# Build the llvm-ir2vec executable
 add_llvm_tool(llvm-ir2vec
   llvm-ir2vec.cpp
   
   DEPENDS
   intrinsics_gen
-  )
+)
+
+# Link the executable against the library
+target_link_libraries(llvm-ir2vec PRIVATE EmbTool)
+
+add_subdirectory(bindings)
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/bindings/CMakeLists.txt b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/bindings/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a820960b9ea07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/bindings/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+find_package(Python3 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Interpreter Development.Module)
+find_package(pybind11 CONFIG QUIET)
+
+if(NOT pybind11_FOUND)
+  message(WARNING "pybind11 not found - skipping py_ir2vec")
+  return()
+endif()
+
+pybind11_add_module(py_ir2vec
+  ir2vec_bindings.cpp
+)
+
+# Link against the EmbTool library
+target_link_libraries(py_ir2vec PRIVATE EmbTool)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/bindings/ir2vec_bindings.cpp b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/bindings/ir2vec_bindings.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d9d4b9f07e637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/bindings/ir2vec_bindings.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+//===- ir2vec_bindings.cpp - Python Bindings for IR2Vec ------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "../lib/emb-tool.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
+#include "llvm/IRReader/IRReader.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/SourceMgr.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+#include <pybind11/stl.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace py = pybind11;
+using namespace llvm;
+using namespace llvm::ir2vec;
+
+namespace {
+
+bool fileNotValid(const std::string &Filename) {
+  std::ifstream F(Filename, std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::binary);
+  return !F.good();
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<Module> getLLVMIR(const std::string &Filename,
+                                  LLVMContext &Context) {
+  SMDiagnostic Err;
+  auto M = parseIRFile(Filename, Err, Context);
+  if (!M) {
+    Err.print(Filename.c_str(), outs());
+    throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse IR file.");
+  }
+  return M;
+}
+
+class PyIR2VecTool {
+private:
+  std::unique_ptr<LLVMContext> Ctx;
+  std::unique_ptr<Module> M;
+  std::unique_ptr<IR2VecTool> Tool;
+
+public:
+  PyIR2VecTool(const std::string &Filename) {
+    if (fileNotValid(Filename))
+      throw std::runtime_error("Invalid file path");
+
+    Ctx = std::make_unique<LLVMContext>();
+    M = getLLVMIR(Filename, *Ctx);
+    Tool = std::make_unique<IR2VecTool>(*M);
+  }
+
+  // Get entity mappings (vocabulary)
+  std::vector<std::string> getEntityMappings() {
+    return IR2VecTool::collectEntityMappings();
+  }
+
+  // Generate triplets for vocabulary training
+  py::dict generateTriplets() {
+    auto result = Tool->generateTriplets();
+    py::list triplets_list;
+
+    for (const auto &t : result.Triplets) {
+      triplets_list.append(py::make_tuple(t.Head, t.Tail, t.Relation));
+    }
+
+    py::dict output;
+    output["max_relation"] = result.MaxRelation;
+    output["triplets"] = triplets_list;
+    return output;
+  }
+};
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+PYBIND11_MODULE(py_ir2vec, m) {
+  m.doc() = std::string("Python bindings for ") + ToolName + "\n\n" + ToolName +
+            " provides distributed representations for LLVM IR.\n\n"
+            "Example:\n"
+            "    >>> import py_ir2vec\n"
+            "    >>> tool = py_ir2vec." +
+            ToolName +
+            "Tool(\"test.ll\")\n"
+            "    >>> entities = tool.getEntityMappings()\n"
+            "    >>> triplets = tool.generateTriplets()";
+
+  // Main tool class
+  py::class_<PyIR2VecTool>(m, "IR2VecTool")
+      .def(py::init<const std::string &>(), py::arg("filename"),
+           "Initialize IR2Vec on an LLVM IR file\n"
+           "Args:\n"
+           "  filename: Path to LLVM IR file (.bc or .ll)")
+      .def("getEntityMappings", &PyIR2VecTool::getEntityMappings,
+           "Get entity mappings (vocabulary)\n"
+           "Returns: list[str] - list of entity names where index is entity_id")
+      .def("generateTriplets", &PyIR2VecTool::generateTriplets,
+           "Generate triplets for vocabulary training\n"
+           "Returns: dict with 'max_relation' and 'triplets' keys");
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/CMakeLists.txt b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f15761beb97df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+set(LLVM_LINK_COMPONENTS
+  # Core LLVM components for IR processing
+  Analysis
+  Core
+  IRReader
+  Support
+  
+  # Machine IR components (for -mode=mir)
+  CodeGen           
+  MIRParser         
+  
+  # Target initialization (required for MIR parsing)
+  AllTargetsAsmParsers
+  AllTargetsCodeGens
+  AllTargetsDescs
+  AllTargetsInfos
+  TargetParser
+)
+
+add_llvm_library(EmbTool
+  emb-tool.cpp
+  
+  LINK_COMPONENTS
+  ${LLVM_LINK_COMPONENTS}
+  
+  DEPENDS
+  intrinsics_gen
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/emb-tool.cpp b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/emb-tool.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..891b26f8ef763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/emb-tool.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+//===- emb-tool.cpp - IR2Vec/MIR2Vec Embedding Generation Tool -----------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+///
+/// \file
+/// This file implements the IR2VecTool and MIR2VecTool classes for
+/// IR2Vec/MIR2Vec embedding generation.
+///
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "emb-tool.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/IR2Vec.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/InstIterator.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/PassInstrumentation.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MIR2Vec.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MIRParser/MIRParser.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineModuleInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetInstrInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/WithColor.h"
+#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "ir2vec"
+
+namespace llvm {
+
+namespace ir2vec {
+
+bool IR2VecTool::initializeVocabulary() {
+  // Register and run the IR2Vec vocabulary analysis
+  // The vocabulary file path is specified via --ir2vec-vocab-path global
+  // option
+  MAM.registerPass([&] { return PassInstrumentationAnalysis(); });
+  MAM.registerPass([&] { return IR2VecVocabAnalysis(); });
+  // This will throw an error if vocab is not found or invalid
+  Vocab = &MAM.getResult<IR2VecVocabAnalysis>(M);
+  return Vocab->isValid();
+}
+
+TripletResult IR2VecTool::generateTriplets(const Function &F) const {
+  if (F.isDeclaration())
+    return {};
+
+  TripletResult Result;
+  Result.MaxRelation = 0;
+
+  unsigned MaxRelation = NextRelation;
+  unsigned PrevOpcode = 0;
+  bool HasPrevOpcode = false;
+
+  for (const BasicBlock &BB : F) {
+    for (const auto &I : BB.instructionsWithoutDebug()) {
+      unsigned Opcode = Vocabulary::getIndex(I.getOpcode());
+      unsigned TypeID = Vocabulary::getIndex(I.getType()->getTypeID());
+
+      // Add "Next" relationship with previous instruction
+      if (HasPrevOpcode) {
+        Result.Triplets.push_back({PrevOpcode, Opcode, NextRelation});
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << Vocabulary::getVocabKeyForOpcode(PrevOpcode + 1)
+                          << '\t'
+                          << Vocabulary::getVocabKeyForOpcode(Opcode + 1)
+                          << '\t' << "Next\n");
+      }
+
+      // Add "Type" relationship
+      Result.Triplets.push_back({Opcode, TypeID, TypeRelation});
+      LLVM_DEBUG(
+          dbgs() << Vocabulary::getVocabKeyForOpcode(Opcode + 1) << '\t'
+                 << Vocabulary::getVocabKeyForTypeID(I.getType()->getTypeID())
+                 << '\t' << "Type\n");
+
+      // Add "Arg" relationships
+      unsigned ArgIndex = 0;
+      for (const Use &U : I.operands()) {
+        unsigned OperandID = Vocabulary::getIndex(*U.get());
+        unsigned RelationID = ArgRelation + ArgIndex;
+        Result.Triplets.push_back({Opcode, OperandID, RelationID});
+
+        LLVM_DEBUG({
+          StringRef OperandStr = Vocabulary::getVocabKeyForOperandKind(
+              Vocabulary::getOperandKind(U.get()));
+          dbgs() << Vocabulary::getVocabKeyForOpcode(Opcode + 1) << '\t'
+                 << OperandStr << '\t' << "Arg" << ArgIndex << '\n';
+        });
+
+        ++ArgIndex;
+      }
+      // Only update MaxRelation if there were operands
+      if (ArgIndex > 0)
+        MaxRelation = std::max(MaxRelation, ArgRelation + ArgIndex - 1);
+      PrevOpcode = Opcode;
+      HasPrevOpcode = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Result.MaxRelation = MaxRelation;
+  return Result;
+}
+
+TripletResult IR2VecTool::generateTriplets() const {
+  TripletResult Result;
+  Result.MaxRelation = NextRelation;
+
+  for (const Function &F : M.getFunctionDefs()) {
+    TripletResult FuncResult = generateTriplets(F);
+    Result.MaxRelation = std::max(Result.MaxRelation, FuncResult.MaxRelation);
+    Result.Triplets.insert(Result.Triplets.end(), FuncResult.Triplets.begin(),
+                           FuncResult.Triplets.end());
+  }
+
+  return Result;
+}
+
+void IR2VecTool::writeTripletsToStream(raw_ostream &OS) const {
+  auto Result = generateTriplets();
+  OS << "MAX_RELATION=" << Result.MaxRelation << '\n';
+  for (const auto &T : Result.Triplets)
+    OS << T.Head << '\t' << T.Tail << '\t' << T.Relation << '\n';
+}
+
+EntityList IR2VecTool::collectEntityMappings() {
+  auto EntityLen = Vocabulary::getCanonicalSize();
+  EntityList Result;
+  for (unsigned EntityID = 0; EntityID < EntityLen; ++EntityID)
+    Result.push_back(Vocabulary::getStringKey(EntityID).str());
+  return Result;
+}
+
+void IR2VecTool::writeEntitiesToStream(raw_ostream &OS) {
+  auto Entities = collectEntityMappings();
+  OS << Entities.size() << "\n";
+  for (unsigned EntityID = 0; EntityID < Entities.size(); ++EntityID)
+    OS << Entities[EntityID] << '\t' << EntityID << '\n';
+}
+
+void IR2VecTool::writeEmbeddingsToStream(raw_ostream &OS,
+                                         EmbeddingLevel Level) const {
+  if (!Vocab->isValid()) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+        << "Vocabulary is not valid. IR2VecTool not initialized.\n";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (const Function &F : M.getFunctionDefs())
+    writeEmbeddingsToStream(F, OS, Level);
+}
+
+void IR2VecTool::writeEmbeddingsToStream(const Function &F, raw_ostream &OS,
+                                         EmbeddingLevel Level) const {
+  if (!Vocab || !Vocab->isValid()) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+        << "Vocabulary is not valid. IR2VecTool not initialized.\n";
+    return;
+  }
+  if (F.isDeclaration()) {
+    OS << "Function " << F.getName() << " is a declaration, skipping.\n";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create embedder for this function
+  auto Emb = Embedder::create(IR2VecEmbeddingKind, F, *Vocab);
+  if (!Emb) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+        << "Failed to create embedder for function " << F.getName() << "\n";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  OS << "Function: " << F.getName() << "\n";
+
+  // Generate embeddings based on the specified level
+  switch (Level) {
+  case FunctionLevel:
+    Emb->getFunctionVector().print(OS);
+    break;
+  case BasicBlockLevel:
+    for (const BasicBlock &BB : F) {
+      OS << BB.getName() << ":";
+      Emb->getBBVector(BB).print(OS);
+    }
+    break;
+  case InstructionLevel:
+    for (const Instruction &I : instructions(F)) {
+      OS << I;
+      Emb->getInstVector(I).print(OS);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace ir2vec
+
+namespace mir2vec {
+
+bool MIR2VecTool::initializeVocabulary(const Module &M) {
+  MIR2VecVocabProvider Provider(MMI);
+  auto VocabOrErr = Provider.getVocabulary(M);
+  if (!VocabOrErr) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+        << "Failed to load MIR2Vec vocabulary - "
+        << toString(VocabOrErr.takeError()) << "\n";
+    return false;
+  }
+  Vocab = std::make_unique<MIRVocabulary>(std::move(*VocabOrErr));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MIR2VecTool::initializeVocabularyForLayout(const Module &M) {
+  for (const Function &F : M.getFunctionDefs()) {
+    MachineFunction *MF = MMI.getMachineFunction(F);
+    if (!MF)
+      continue;
+
+    const TargetInstrInfo &TII = *MF->getSubtarget().getInstrInfo();
+    const TargetRegisterInfo &TRI = *MF->getSubtarget().getRegisterInfo();
+    const MachineRegisterInfo &MRI = MF->getRegInfo();
+
+    auto VocabOrErr = MIRVocabulary::createDummyVocabForTest(TII, TRI, MRI, 1);
+    if (!VocabOrErr) {
+      WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+          << "Failed to create dummy vocabulary - "
+          << toString(VocabOrErr.takeError()) << "\n";
+      return false;
+    }
+    Vocab = std::make_unique<MIRVocabulary>(std::move(*VocabOrErr));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+      << "No machine functions found to initialize vocabulary\n";
+  return false;
+}
+
+TripletResult MIR2VecTool::generateTriplets(const MachineFunction &MF) const {
+  TripletResult Result;
+  Result.MaxRelation = MIRNextRelation;
+
+  if (!Vocab) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+        << "MIR Vocabulary must be initialized for triplet generation.\n";
+    return Result;
+  }
+
+  unsigned PrevOpcode = 0;
+  bool HasPrevOpcode = false;
+  for (const MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
+    for (const MachineInstr &MI : MBB) {
+      // Skip debug instructions
+      if (MI.isDebugInstr())
+        continue;
+
+      // Get opcode entity ID
+      unsigned OpcodeID = Vocab->getEntityIDForOpcode(MI.getOpcode());
+
+      // Add "Next" relationship with previous instruction
+      if (HasPrevOpcode) {
+        Result.Triplets.push_back({PrevOpcode, OpcodeID, MIRNextRelation});
+        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << Vocab->getStringKey(PrevOpcode) << '\t'
+                          << Vocab->getStringKey(OpcodeID) << '\t' << "Next\n");
+      }
+
+      // Add "Arg" relationships for operands
+      unsigned ArgIndex = 0;
+      for (const MachineOperand &MO : MI.operands()) {
+        auto OperandID = Vocab->getEntityIDForMachineOperand(MO);
+        unsigned RelationID = MIRArgRelation + ArgIndex;
+        Result.Triplets.push_back({OpcodeID, OperandID, RelationID});
+        LLVM_DEBUG({
+          std::string OperandStr = Vocab->getStringKey(OperandID);
+          dbgs() << Vocab->getStringKey(OpcodeID) << '\t' << OperandStr << '\t'
+                 << "Arg" << ArgIndex << '\n';
+        });
+
+        ++ArgIndex;
+      }
+
+      // Update MaxRelation if there were operands
+      if (ArgIndex > 0)
+        Result.MaxRelation =
+            std::max(Result.MaxRelation, MIRArgRelation + ArgIndex - 1);
+
+      PrevOpcode = OpcodeID;
+      HasPrevOpcode = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Result;
+}
+
+TripletResult MIR2VecTool::generateTriplets(const Module &M) const {
+  TripletResult Result;
+  Result.MaxRelation = MIRNextRelation;
+
+  for (const Function &F : M.getFunctionDefs()) {
+    MachineFunction *MF = MMI.getMachineFunction(F);
+    if (!MF) {
+      WithColor::warning(errs(), ToolName)
+          << "No MachineFunction for " << F.getName() << "\n";
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    TripletResult FuncResult = generateTriplets(*MF);
+    Result.MaxRelation = std::max(Result.MaxRelation, FuncResult.MaxRelation);
+    Result.Triplets.insert(Result.Triplets.end(), FuncResult.Triplets.begin(),
+                           FuncResult.Triplets.end());
+  }
+
+  return Result;
+}
+
+void MIR2VecTool::writeTripletsToStream(const Module &M,
+                                        raw_ostream &OS) const {
+  auto Result = generateTriplets(M);
+  OS << "MAX_RELATION=" << Result.MaxRelation << '\n';
+  for (const auto &T : Result.Triplets)
+    OS << T.Head << '\t' << T.Tail << '\t' << T.Relation << '\n';
+}
+
+EntityList MIR2VecTool::collectEntityMappings() const {
+  if (!Vocab) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+        << "Vocabulary must be initialized for entity mappings.\n";
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  const unsigned EntityCount = Vocab->getCanonicalSize();
+  EntityList Result;
+  for (unsigned EntityID = 0; EntityID < EntityCount; ++EntityID)
+    Result.push_back(Vocab->getStringKey(EntityID));
+
+  return Result;
+}
+
+void MIR2VecTool::writeEntitiesToStream(raw_ostream &OS) const {
+  auto Entities = collectEntityMappings();
+  if (Entities.empty())
+    return;
+
+  OS << Entities.size() << "\n";
+  for (unsigned EntityID = 0; EntityID < Entities.size(); ++EntityID)
+    OS << Entities[EntityID] << '\t' << EntityID << '\n';
+}
+
+void MIR2VecTool::writeEmbeddingsToStream(const Module &M, raw_ostream &OS,
+                                          EmbeddingLevel Level) const {
+  if (!Vocab) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName) << "Vocabulary not initialized.\n";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (const Function &F : M.getFunctionDefs()) {
+    MachineFunction *MF = MMI.getMachineFunction(F);
+    if (!MF) {
+      WithColor::warning(errs(), ToolName)
+          << "No MachineFunction for " << F.getName() << "\n";
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    writeEmbeddingsToStream(*MF, OS, Level);
+  }
+}
+
+void MIR2VecTool::writeEmbeddingsToStream(MachineFunction &MF, raw_ostream &OS,
+                                          EmbeddingLevel Level) const {
+  if (!Vocab) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName) << "Vocabulary not initialized.\n";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto Emb = MIREmbedder::create(MIR2VecKind::Symbolic, MF, *Vocab);
+  if (!Emb) {
+    WithColor::error(errs(), ToolName)
+        << "Failed to create embedder for " << MF.getName() << "\n";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  OS << "MIR2Vec embeddings for machine function " << MF.getName() << ":\n";
+
+  // Generate embeddings based on the specified level
+  switch (Level) {
+  case FunctionLevel:
+    OS << "Function vector: ";
+    Emb->getMFunctionVector().print(OS);
+    break;
+  case BasicBlockLevel:
+    OS << "Basic block vectors:\n";
+    for (const MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
+      OS << "MBB " << MBB.getName() << ": ";
+      Emb->getMBBVector(MBB).print(OS);
+    }
+    break;
+  case InstructionLevel:
+    OS << "Instruction vectors:\n";
+    for (const MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
+      for (const MachineInstr &MI : MBB) {
+        OS << MI << " -> ";
+        Emb->getMInstVector(MI).print(OS);
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace mir2vec
+
+} // namespace llvm
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/llvm-ir2vec.h b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/emb-tool.h
similarity index 98%
rename from llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/llvm-ir2vec.h
rename to llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/emb-tool.h
index 566c362edbd22..24b8022ed7482 100644
--- a/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/llvm-ir2vec.h
+++ b/llvm/tools/llvm-ir2vec/lib/emb-tool.h
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 ///
 ...
[truncated]

``````````

</details>


https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/173194


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