[llvm] Revert "[BOLT][AArch64] Handle OpNegateRAState to enable optimizing binaries with pac-ret hardening" (PR #162353)

Gergely Bálint via llvm-commits llvm-commits at lists.llvm.org
Tue Oct 7 12:44:50 PDT 2025


https://github.com/bgergely0 created https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/162353

Reverts llvm/llvm-project#120064.

@gulfemsavrun reported that the patch broke toolchain builders.



>From 53de431202b35b41b9ba3c80a776326d6485b0e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Gergely=20B=C3=A1lint?= <balintgergely99 at gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2025 21:38:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?Revert=20"[BOLT][AArch64]=20Handle=20OpNegateRA?=
 =?UTF-8?q?State=20to=20enable=20optimizing=20binaries=20=E2=80=A6"?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

This reverts commit 32eaf5b59c2df16f007156c893cf0c905d9c3db4.
---
 bolt/docs/PacRetDesign.md                     | 228 ------------------
 bolt/include/bolt/Core/BinaryFunction.h       |  56 -----
 bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlus.h               |   7 +-
 bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlusBuilder.h        |  62 -----
 .../bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.h     |  46 ----
 bolt/include/bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.h       |  33 ---
 bolt/include/bolt/Utils/CommandLineOpts.h     |   1 -
 bolt/lib/Core/BinaryBasicBlock.cpp            |   6 +-
 bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp               |   3 -
 bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp              |  25 +-
 bolt/lib/Core/Exceptions.cpp                  |  36 +--
 bolt/lib/Core/MCPlusBuilder.cpp               |  49 ----
 bolt/lib/Passes/CMakeLists.txt                |   2 -
 bolt/lib/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.cpp   | 142 -----------
 bolt/lib/Passes/MarkRAStates.cpp              | 152 ------------
 bolt/lib/Rewrite/BinaryPassManager.cpp        |  13 -
 bolt/lib/Rewrite/RewriteInstance.cpp          |  11 -
 .../Target/AArch64/AArch64MCPlusBuilder.cpp   |  22 --
 bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-disallow.s  |  25 --
 bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-incorrect.s |  78 ------
 bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-reorder.s   |  73 ------
 bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state.s           |  76 ------
 bolt/test/AArch64/pacret-split-funcs.s        |  54 -----
 bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/negate-ra-state.cpp |  26 --
 .../runtime/AArch64/pacret-function-split.cpp |  42 ----
 25 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 1241 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 bolt/docs/PacRetDesign.md
 delete mode 100644 bolt/include/bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.h
 delete mode 100644 bolt/include/bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.h
 delete mode 100644 bolt/lib/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.cpp
 delete mode 100644 bolt/lib/Passes/MarkRAStates.cpp
 delete mode 100644 bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-disallow.s
 delete mode 100644 bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-incorrect.s
 delete mode 100644 bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-reorder.s
 delete mode 100644 bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state.s
 delete mode 100644 bolt/test/AArch64/pacret-split-funcs.s
 delete mode 100644 bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/negate-ra-state.cpp
 delete mode 100644 bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/pacret-function-split.cpp

diff --git a/bolt/docs/PacRetDesign.md b/bolt/docs/PacRetDesign.md
deleted file mode 100644
index f3fe5fbd522cb..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/docs/PacRetDesign.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-# Optimizing binaries with pac-ret hardening
-
-This is a design document about processing the `DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state`
-DWARF instruction in BOLT. As it describes internal design decisions, the
-intended audience is BOLT developers. The document is an updated version of the
-[RFC posted on the LLVM Discourse](https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-bolt-aarch64-handle-opnegaterastate-to-enable-optimizing-binaries-with-pac-ret-hardening/86594).
-
-
-`DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state` is also referred to as  `.cfi_negate_ra_state`
-in assembly, or `OpNegateRAState` in BOLT sources. In this document, I will use
-**negate-ra-state** as a shorthand.
-
-## Introduction
-
-### Pointer Authentication
-
-For more information, see the [pac-ret section of the BOLT-binary-analysis document](BinaryAnalysis.md#pac-ret-analysis).
-
-### DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state
-
-The negate-ra-state CFI is a vendor-specific Call Frame Instruction defined in
-the [Arm ABI](https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/blob/main/aadwarf64/aadwarf64.rst#id1).
-
-```
-The DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state operation negates bit[0] of the RA_SIGN_STATE pseudo-register.
-```
-
-This bit indicates to the unwinder whether the current return address is signed
-or not (hence the name). The unwinder uses this information to authenticate the
-pointer, and remove the Pointer Authentication Code (PAC) bits.
-Incorrect placement of negate-ra-state CFIs causes the unwinder to either attempt
-to authenticate an unsigned pointer (resulting in a segmentation fault), or skip
-authentication on a signed pointer, which can also cause a fault.
-
-Note: some unwinders use the `xpac` instruction to strip the PAC bits without
-authenticating the pointer. This is an incorrect (incomplete) implementation,
-as it allows control-flow modification in the case of unwinding.
-
-There are no DWARF instructions to directly set or clear the RA State. However,
-two other CFIs can also affect the RA state:
-- `DW_CFA_remember_state`: this CFI stores register rules onto an implicit stack.
-- `DW_CFA_restore_state`:  this CFI pops rules from this stack.
-
-Example:
-
-| CFI                            | Effect on RA state             |
-| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ |
-| (default)                      | 0                              |
-| DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state | 0 -> 1                         |
-| DW_CFA_remember_state          | 1 pushed to the stack          |
-| DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state | 1 -> 0                         |
-| DW_CFA_restore_state           | 0 -> 1 (popped from the stack) |
-
-The Arm ABI also defines the DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state_with_pc CFI, but it
-is not widely used, and is [likely to become deprecated](https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/issues/327).
-
-### Where are these CFIs needed?
-
-Whenever two consecutive instructions have different RA states, the unwinder must
-be informed of the change. This typically occurs during pointer signing or
-authentication. If adjacent instructions differ in RA state but neither signs
-nor authenticates the return address, they must belong to different control flow
-paths. One is part of an execution path with signed RA, the other is part of a
-path with an unsigned RA.
-
-In the example below, the first BasicBlock ends in a conditional branch, and
-jumps to two different BasicBlocks, each with their own authentication, and
-return. The instructions on the border of the second and third BasicBlock have
-different RA states. The `ret` at the end of the second BasicBlock is in unsigned
-state. The start of the third BasicBlock is after the `paciasp` in the control
-flow, but before the authentication. In this case, a negate-ra-state is needed
-at the end of the second BasicBlock.
-
-```
-        +----------------+
-        |     paciasp    |
-        |                |
-        |      b.cc      |
-        +--------+-------+
-                 |
-+----------------+
-|                |
-|       +--------v-------+
-|       |                |
-|       |    autiasp     |
-|       |      ret       |   // RA: unsigned
-|       +----------------+
-+----------------+
-                 |
-        +--------v-------+  // RA: signed
-        |                |
-        |     autiasp    |
-        |      ret       |
-        +----------------+
-```
-
-> [!important]
-> The unwinder does not follow the control flow graph. It reads unwind
-> information in the layout order.
-
-Because these locations are dependent on how the function layout looks,
-negate-ra-state CFIs will become invalid during BasicBlock reordering.
-
-## Solution design
-
-The implementation introduces two new passes:
-1. `MarkRAStatesPass`: assigns the RA state to each instruction based on the CFIs
-    in the input binary
-2. `InsertNegateRAStatePass`: reads those assigned instruction RA states after
-    optimizations, and emits `DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state` CFIs at the correct
-    places: wherever there is a state change between two consecutive instructions
-    in the layout order.
-
-To track metadata on individual instructions, the `MCAnnotation` class was
-extended. These also have helper functions in `MCPlusBuilder`.
-
-### Saving annotations at CFI reading
-
-CFIs are read and added to BinaryFunctions in `CFIReaderWriter::FillCFIInfoFor`.
-At this point, we add MCAnnotations about negate-ra-state, remember-state and
-restore-state CFIs to the instructions they refer to. This is to not interfere
-with the CFI processing that already happens in BOLT (e.g. remember-state and
-restore-state CFIs are removed in `normalizeCFIState` for reasons unrelated to PAC).
-
-As we add the MCAnnotations *to instructions*, we have to account for the case
-where the function starts with a CFI altering the RA state. As CFIs modify the RA
-state of the instructions before them, we cannot add the annotation to the first
-instruction.
-This special case is handled by adding an `initialRAState` bool to each BinaryFunction.
-If the `Offset` the CFI refers to is zero, we don't store an annotation, but set
-the `initialRAState` in `FillCFIInfoFor`. This information is then used in
-`MarkRAStates`.
-
-### Binaries without DWARF info
-
-In some cases, the DWARF tables are stripped from the binary. These programs
-usually have some other unwind-mechanism.
-These passes only run on functions that include at least one negate-ra-state CFI.
-This avoids processing functions that do not use Pointer Authentication, or on
-functions that use Pointer Authentication, but do not have DWARF info.
-
-In summary:
-- pointer auth is not used: no change, the new passes do not run.
-- pointer auth is used, but DWARF info is stripped: no change, the new passes
-  do not run.
-- pointer auth is used, and we have DWARF CFIs: passes run, and rewrite the
-  negate-ra-state CFI.
-
-### MarkRAStates pass
-
-This pass runs before optimizations reorder anything.
-
-It processes MCAnnotations generated during the CFI reading stage to check if
-instructions have either of the three CFIs that can modify RA state:
-- negate-ra-state,
-- remember-state,
-- restore-state.
-
-Then it adds new MCAnnotations to each instruction, indicating their RA state.
-Those annotations are:
-- Signed,
-- Unsigned.
-
-Below is a simple example, that shows the two different type of annotations:
-what we have before the pass, and after it.
-
-| Instruction                   | Before          |  After   |
-| ----------------------------- | --------------- | -------- |
-| paciasp                       | negate-ra-state | unsigned |
-| stp	x29, x30, [sp, #-0x10]! |                 | signed   |
-| mov	x29, sp                 |                 | signed   |
-| ldp	x29, x30, [sp], #0x10   |                 | signed   |
-| autiasp                       | negate-ra-state | signed   |
-| ret                           |                 | unsigned |
-
-##### Error handling in MarkRAState Pass:
-
-Whenever the MarkRAStates pass finds inconsistencies in the current
-BinaryFunction, it marks the function as ignored using `BF.setIgnored()`. BOLT
-will not optimize this function but will emit it unchanged in the original section
-(`.bolt.org.text`).
-
-The inconsistencies are as follows:
-- finding a `pac*` instruction when already in signed state
-- finding an `aut*` instruction when already in unsigned state
-- finding `pac*` and `aut*` instructions without `.cfi_negate_ra_state`.
-
-Users will be informed about the number of ignored functions in the pass, the
-exact functions ignored, and the found inconsistency.
-
-### InsertNegateRAStatePass
-
-This pass runs after optimizations. It performns the _inverse_ of MarkRAState pa s:
-1. it reads the RA state annotations attached to the instructions, and
-2. whenever the state changes, it adds a PseudoInstruction that holds an
-   OpNegateRAState CFI.
-
-##### Covering newly generated instructions:
-
-Some BOLT passes can add new Instructions. In InsertNegateRAStatePass, we have
-to know what RA state these have.
-
-The current solution has the `inferUnknownStates` function to cover these, using
-a fairly simple strategy: unknown states inherit the last known state.
-
-This will be updated to a more robust solution.
-
-> [!important]
-> As issue #160989 describes, unwind info is incorrect in stubs with multiple callers.
-> For this same reason, we cannot generate correct pac-specific unwind info: the signess
-> of the _incorrect_ return address is meaningless.
-
-### Optimizations requiring special attention
-
-Marking states before optimizations ensure that instructions can be moved around
-freely. The only special case is function splitting. When a function is split,
-the split part becomes a new function in the emitted binary. For unwinding to
-work, it needs to "replay" all CFIs that lead up to the split point. BOLT does
-this for other CFIs. As negate-ra-state is not read (only stored as an Annotation),
-we have to do this manually in InsertNegateRAStatePass. Here, if the split part
-starts with an instruction that has Signed RA state, we add a negate-ra-state CFI
-to indicate this.
-
-## Option to disallow the feature
-
-The feature can be guarded with the `--update-branch-prediction` flag, which is
-on by default. If the flag is set to false, and a function
-`containedNegateRAState()` after `FillCFIInfoFor()`, BOLT exits with an error.
diff --git a/bolt/include/bolt/Core/BinaryFunction.h b/bolt/include/bolt/Core/BinaryFunction.h
index f5e9887b56f70..7e0e3bff83259 100644
--- a/bolt/include/bolt/Core/BinaryFunction.h
+++ b/bolt/include/bolt/Core/BinaryFunction.h
@@ -148,11 +148,6 @@ class BinaryFunction {
     PF_MEMEVENT = 4, /// Profile has mem events.
   };
 
-  void setContainedNegateRAState() { HadNegateRAState = true; }
-  bool containedNegateRAState() const { return HadNegateRAState; }
-  void setInitialRAState(bool State) { InitialRAState = State; }
-  bool getInitialRAState() { return InitialRAState; }
-
   /// Struct for tracking exception handling ranges.
   struct CallSite {
     const MCSymbol *Start;
@@ -223,12 +218,6 @@ class BinaryFunction {
   /// Current state of the function.
   State CurrentState{State::Empty};
 
-  /// Indicates if the Function contained .cfi-negate-ra-state. These are not
-  /// read from the binary. This boolean is used when deciding to run the
-  /// .cfi-negate-ra-state rewriting passes on a function or not.
-  bool HadNegateRAState{false};
-  bool InitialRAState{false};
-
   /// A list of symbols associated with the function entry point.
   ///
   /// Multiple symbols would typically result from identical code-folding
@@ -1651,51 +1640,6 @@ class BinaryFunction {
 
   void setHasInferredProfile(bool Inferred) { HasInferredProfile = Inferred; }
 
-  /// Find corrected offset the same way addCFIInstruction does it to skip NOPs.
-  std::optional<uint64_t> getCorrectedCFIOffset(uint64_t Offset) {
-    assert(!Instructions.empty());
-    auto I = Instructions.lower_bound(Offset);
-    if (Offset == getSize()) {
-      assert(I == Instructions.end() && "unexpected iterator value");
-      // Sometimes compiler issues restore_state after all instructions
-      // in the function (even after nop).
-      --I;
-      Offset = I->first;
-    }
-    assert(I->first == Offset && "CFI pointing to unknown instruction");
-    if (I == Instructions.begin())
-      return {};
-
-    --I;
-    while (I != Instructions.begin() && BC.MIB->isNoop(I->second)) {
-      Offset = I->first;
-      --I;
-    }
-    return Offset;
-  }
-
-  void setInstModifiesRAState(uint8_t CFIOpcode, uint64_t Offset) {
-    std::optional<uint64_t> CorrectedOffset = getCorrectedCFIOffset(Offset);
-    if (CorrectedOffset) {
-      auto I = Instructions.lower_bound(*CorrectedOffset);
-      I--;
-
-      switch (CFIOpcode) {
-      case dwarf::DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state:
-        BC.MIB->setNegateRAState(I->second);
-        break;
-      case dwarf::DW_CFA_remember_state:
-        BC.MIB->setRememberState(I->second);
-        break;
-      case dwarf::DW_CFA_restore_state:
-        BC.MIB->setRestoreState(I->second);
-        break;
-      default:
-        assert(0 && "CFI Opcode not covered by function");
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
   void addCFIInstruction(uint64_t Offset, MCCFIInstruction &&Inst) {
     assert(!Instructions.empty());
 
diff --git a/bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlus.h b/bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlus.h
index ead6ba1470da6..601d709712864 100644
--- a/bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlus.h
+++ b/bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlus.h
@@ -72,12 +72,7 @@ class MCAnnotation {
     kLabel,               /// MCSymbol pointing to this instruction.
     kSize,                /// Size of the instruction.
     kDynamicBranch,       /// Jit instruction patched at runtime.
-    kRASigned,            /// Inst is in a range where RA is signed.
-    kRAUnsigned,          /// Inst is in a range where RA is unsigned.
-    kRememberState,       /// Inst has rememberState CFI.
-    kRestoreState,        /// Inst has restoreState CFI.
-    kNegateState,         /// Inst has OpNegateRAState CFI.
-    kGeneric,             /// First generic annotation.
+    kGeneric              /// First generic annotation.
   };
 
   virtual void print(raw_ostream &OS) const = 0;
diff --git a/bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlusBuilder.h b/bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlusBuilder.h
index 2772de73081d1..5b711b0e27bab 100644
--- a/bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlusBuilder.h
+++ b/bolt/include/bolt/Core/MCPlusBuilder.h
@@ -70,20 +70,6 @@ class MCPlusBuilder {
 public:
   using AllocatorIdTy = uint16_t;
 
-  std::optional<int64_t> getAnnotationAtOpIndex(const MCInst &Inst,
-                                                unsigned OpIndex) const {
-    std::optional<unsigned> FirstAnnotationOp = getFirstAnnotationOpIndex(Inst);
-    if (!FirstAnnotationOp)
-      return std::nullopt;
-
-    if (*FirstAnnotationOp > OpIndex || Inst.getNumOperands() < OpIndex)
-      return std::nullopt;
-
-    const auto *Op = Inst.begin() + OpIndex;
-    const int64_t ImmValue = Op->getImm();
-    return extractAnnotationIndex(ImmValue);
-  }
-
 private:
   /// A struct that represents a single annotation allocator
   struct AnnotationAllocator {
@@ -617,21 +603,6 @@ class MCPlusBuilder {
     return std::nullopt;
   }
 
-  virtual bool isPSignOnLR(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-    llvm_unreachable("not implemented");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  virtual bool isPAuthOnLR(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-    llvm_unreachable("not implemented");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  virtual bool isPAuthAndRet(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-    llvm_unreachable("not implemented");
-    return false;
-  }
-
   /// Returns the register used as a return address. Returns std::nullopt if
   /// not applicable, such as reading the return address from a system register
   /// or from the stack.
@@ -1343,39 +1314,6 @@ class MCPlusBuilder {
   /// Return true if the instruction is a tail call.
   bool isTailCall(const MCInst &Inst) const;
 
-  /// Stores NegateRAState annotation on \p Inst.
-  void setNegateRAState(MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Return true if \p Inst has NegateRAState annotation.
-  bool hasNegateRAState(const MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Sets RememberState annotation on \p Inst.
-  void setRememberState(MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Return true if \p Inst has RememberState annotation.
-  bool hasRememberState(const MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Stores RestoreState annotation on \p Inst.
-  void setRestoreState(MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Return true if \p Inst has RestoreState annotation.
-  bool hasRestoreState(const MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Stores RA Signed annotation on \p Inst.
-  void setRASigned(MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Return true if \p Inst has Signed RA annotation.
-  bool isRASigned(const MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Stores RA Unsigned annotation on \p Inst.
-  void setRAUnsigned(MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Return true if \p Inst has Unsigned RA annotation.
-  bool isRAUnsigned(const MCInst &Inst) const;
-
-  /// Return true if \p Inst doesn't have any annotation related to RA state.
-  bool isRAStateUnknown(const MCInst &Inst) const;
-
   /// Return true if the instruction is a call with an exception handling info.
   virtual bool isInvoke(const MCInst &Inst) const {
     return isCall(Inst) && getEHInfo(Inst);
diff --git a/bolt/include/bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.h b/bolt/include/bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 836948bf5e9c0..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/include/bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-//===- bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.cpp ----------------------------===//
-//
-// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
-// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-//
-// This file implements the InsertNegateRAStatePass class.
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-#ifndef BOLT_PASSES_INSERT_NEGATE_RA_STATE_PASS
-#define BOLT_PASSES_INSERT_NEGATE_RA_STATE_PASS
-
-#include "bolt/Passes/BinaryPasses.h"
-
-namespace llvm {
-namespace bolt {
-
-class InsertNegateRAState : public BinaryFunctionPass {
-public:
-  explicit InsertNegateRAState() : BinaryFunctionPass(false) {}
-
-  const char *getName() const override { return "insert-negate-ra-state-pass"; }
-
-  /// Pass entry point
-  Error runOnFunctions(BinaryContext &BC) override;
-  void runOnFunction(BinaryFunction &BF);
-
-private:
-  /// Because states are tracked as MCAnnotations on individual instructions,
-  /// newly inserted instructions do not have a state associated with them.
-  /// New states are "inherited" from the last known state.
-  void inferUnknownStates(BinaryFunction &BF);
-
-  /// Support for function splitting:
-  /// if two consecutive BBs with Signed state are going to end up in different
-  /// functions (so are held by different FunctionFragments), we have to add a
-  /// OpNegateRAState to the beginning of the newly split function, so it starts
-  /// with a Signed state.
-  void coverFunctionFragmentStart(BinaryFunction &BF, FunctionFragment &FF);
-};
-
-} // namespace bolt
-} // namespace llvm
-#endif
diff --git a/bolt/include/bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.h b/bolt/include/bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 675ab9727142b..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/include/bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-//===- bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.cpp ---------------------------------===//
-//
-// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
-// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-//
-// This file implements the MarkRAStates class.
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-#ifndef BOLT_PASSES_MARK_RA_STATES
-#define BOLT_PASSES_MARK_RA_STATES
-
-#include "bolt/Passes/BinaryPasses.h"
-
-namespace llvm {
-namespace bolt {
-
-class MarkRAStates : public BinaryFunctionPass {
-public:
-  explicit MarkRAStates() : BinaryFunctionPass(false) {}
-
-  const char *getName() const override { return "mark-ra-states"; }
-
-  /// Pass entry point
-  Error runOnFunctions(BinaryContext &BC) override;
-  bool runOnFunction(BinaryFunction &BF);
-};
-
-} // namespace bolt
-} // namespace llvm
-#endif
diff --git a/bolt/include/bolt/Utils/CommandLineOpts.h b/bolt/include/bolt/Utils/CommandLineOpts.h
index 5c7f1b94315f0..0964c2c9d8473 100644
--- a/bolt/include/bolt/Utils/CommandLineOpts.h
+++ b/bolt/include/bolt/Utils/CommandLineOpts.h
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ extern llvm::cl::opt<std::string> OutputFilename;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<std::string> PerfData;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<bool> PrintCacheMetrics;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<bool> PrintSections;
-extern llvm::cl::opt<bool> UpdateBranchProtection;
 extern llvm::cl::opt<SplitFunctionsStrategy> SplitStrategy;
 
 // The format to use with -o in aggregation mode (perf2bolt)
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryBasicBlock.cpp b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryBasicBlock.cpp
index d680850bf2ea9..eeab1ed4d7cff 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryBasicBlock.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryBasicBlock.cpp
@@ -210,11 +210,7 @@ int32_t BinaryBasicBlock::getCFIStateAtInstr(const MCInst *Instr) const {
       InstrSeen = (&Inst == Instr);
       continue;
     }
-    // Ignoring OpNegateRAState CFIs here, as they dont have a "State"
-    // number associated with them.
-    if (Function->getBinaryContext().MIB->isCFI(Inst) &&
-        (Function->getCFIFor(Inst)->getOperation() !=
-         MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState)) {
+    if (Function->getBinaryContext().MIB->isCFI(Inst)) {
       LastCFI = &Inst;
       break;
     }
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp
index 206d8eef40288..b7ded6b931a15 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp
@@ -1905,9 +1905,6 @@ void BinaryContext::printCFI(raw_ostream &OS, const MCCFIInstruction &Inst) {
   case MCCFIInstruction::OpGnuArgsSize:
     OS << "OpGnuArgsSize";
     break;
-  case MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState:
-    OS << "OpNegateRAState";
-    break;
   default:
     OS << "Op#" << Operation;
     break;
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp
index 96878925eccad..07bc71ee538d6 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp
@@ -2814,9 +2814,15 @@ struct CFISnapshot {
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpLLVMDefAspaceCfa:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpLabel:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpValOffset:
-    case MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState:
       llvm_unreachable("unsupported CFI opcode");
       break;
+    case MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState:
+      if (!(opts::BinaryAnalysisMode || opts::HeatmapMode)) {
+        llvm_unreachable("BOLT-ERROR: binaries using pac-ret hardening (e.g. "
+                         "as produced by '-mbranch-protection=pac-ret') are "
+                         "currently not supported by BOLT.");
+      }
+      break;
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpRememberState:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpRestoreState:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpGnuArgsSize:
@@ -2830,7 +2836,6 @@ struct CFISnapshot {
   void advanceTo(int32_t State) {
     for (int32_t I = CurState, E = State; I != E; ++I) {
       const MCCFIInstruction &Instr = FDE[I];
-      assert(Instr.getOperation() != MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState);
       if (Instr.getOperation() != MCCFIInstruction::OpRestoreState) {
         update(Instr, I);
         continue;
@@ -2955,9 +2960,15 @@ struct CFISnapshotDiff : public CFISnapshot {
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpLLVMDefAspaceCfa:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpLabel:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpValOffset:
-    case MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState:
       llvm_unreachable("unsupported CFI opcode");
       return false;
+    case MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState:
+      if (!(opts::BinaryAnalysisMode || opts::HeatmapMode)) {
+        llvm_unreachable("BOLT-ERROR: binaries using pac-ret hardening (e.g. "
+                         "as produced by '-mbranch-protection=pac-ret') are "
+                         "currently not supported by BOLT.");
+      }
+      break;
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpRememberState:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpRestoreState:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpGnuArgsSize:
@@ -3106,9 +3117,15 @@ BinaryFunction::unwindCFIState(int32_t FromState, int32_t ToState,
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpLLVMDefAspaceCfa:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpLabel:
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpValOffset:
-    case MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState:
       llvm_unreachable("unsupported CFI opcode");
       break;
+    case MCCFIInstruction::OpNegateRAState:
+      if (!(opts::BinaryAnalysisMode || opts::HeatmapMode)) {
+        llvm_unreachable("BOLT-ERROR: binaries using pac-ret hardening (e.g. "
+                         "as produced by '-mbranch-protection=pac-ret') are "
+                         "currently not supported by BOLT.");
+      }
+      break;
     case MCCFIInstruction::OpGnuArgsSize:
       // do not affect CFI state
       break;
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Core/Exceptions.cpp b/bolt/lib/Core/Exceptions.cpp
index 27656c7b3cadf..874419f592cc9 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Core/Exceptions.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Core/Exceptions.cpp
@@ -568,25 +568,10 @@ bool CFIReaderWriter::fillCFIInfoFor(BinaryFunction &Function) const {
     case DW_CFA_remember_state:
       Function.addCFIInstruction(
           Offset, MCCFIInstruction::createRememberState(nullptr));
-
-      if (Function.getBinaryContext().isAArch64()) {
-        // Support for pointer authentication:
-        // We need to annotate instructions that modify the RA State, to work
-        // out the state of each instruction in MarkRAStates Pass.
-        if (Offset != 0)
-          Function.setInstModifiesRAState(DW_CFA_remember_state, Offset);
-      }
       break;
     case DW_CFA_restore_state:
       Function.addCFIInstruction(Offset,
                                  MCCFIInstruction::createRestoreState(nullptr));
-      if (Function.getBinaryContext().isAArch64()) {
-        // Support for pointer authentication:
-        // We need to annotate instructions that modify the RA State, to work
-        // out the state of each instruction in MarkRAStates Pass.
-        if (Offset != 0)
-          Function.setInstModifiesRAState(DW_CFA_restore_state, Offset);
-      }
       break;
     case DW_CFA_def_cfa:
       Function.addCFIInstruction(
@@ -644,24 +629,11 @@ bool CFIReaderWriter::fillCFIInfoFor(BinaryFunction &Function) const {
         BC.errs() << "BOLT-WARNING: DW_CFA_MIPS_advance_loc unimplemented\n";
       return false;
     case DW_CFA_GNU_window_save:
-      // DW_CFA_GNU_window_save and DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state just use the
-      // same id but mean different things. The latter is used in AArch64.
+      // DW_CFA_GNU_window_save and DW_CFA_GNU_NegateRAState just use the same
+      // id but mean different things. The latter is used in AArch64.
       if (Function.getBinaryContext().isAArch64()) {
-        Function.setContainedNegateRAState();
-        // The location OpNegateRAState CFIs are needed depends on the order of
-        // BasicBlocks, which changes during optimizations. Instead of adding
-        // OpNegateRAState CFIs, an annotation is added to the instruction, to
-        // mark that the instruction modifies the RA State. The actual state for
-        // instructions are worked out in MarkRAStates based on these
-        // annotations.
-        if (Offset != 0)
-          Function.setInstModifiesRAState(DW_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state,
-                                          Offset);
-        else
-          // We cannot Annotate an instruction at Offset == 0.
-          // Instead, we save the initial (Signed) state, and push it to
-          // MarkRAStates' RAStateStack.
-          Function.setInitialRAState(true);
+        Function.addCFIInstruction(
+            Offset, MCCFIInstruction::createNegateRAState(nullptr));
         break;
       }
       if (opts::Verbosity >= 1)
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Core/MCPlusBuilder.cpp b/bolt/lib/Core/MCPlusBuilder.cpp
index e96de80bfa701..52475227eb32f 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Core/MCPlusBuilder.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Core/MCPlusBuilder.cpp
@@ -159,55 +159,6 @@ bool MCPlusBuilder::isTailCall(const MCInst &Inst) const {
   return false;
 }
 
-void MCPlusBuilder::setNegateRAState(MCInst &Inst) const {
-  assert(!hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kNegateState));
-  setAnnotationOpValue(Inst, MCAnnotation::kNegateState, true);
-}
-
-bool MCPlusBuilder::hasNegateRAState(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-  return hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kNegateState);
-}
-
-void MCPlusBuilder::setRememberState(MCInst &Inst) const {
-  assert(!hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRememberState));
-  setAnnotationOpValue(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRememberState, true);
-}
-
-bool MCPlusBuilder::hasRememberState(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-  return hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRememberState);
-}
-
-void MCPlusBuilder::setRestoreState(MCInst &Inst) const {
-  assert(!hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRestoreState));
-  setAnnotationOpValue(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRestoreState, true);
-}
-
-bool MCPlusBuilder::hasRestoreState(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-  return hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRestoreState);
-}
-
-void MCPlusBuilder::setRASigned(MCInst &Inst) const {
-  assert(!hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRASigned));
-  setAnnotationOpValue(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRASigned, true);
-}
-
-bool MCPlusBuilder::isRASigned(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-  return hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRASigned);
-}
-
-void MCPlusBuilder::setRAUnsigned(MCInst &Inst) const {
-  assert(!hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRAUnsigned));
-  setAnnotationOpValue(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRAUnsigned, true);
-}
-
-bool MCPlusBuilder::isRAUnsigned(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-  return hasAnnotation(Inst, MCAnnotation::kRAUnsigned);
-}
-
-bool MCPlusBuilder::isRAStateUnknown(const MCInst &Inst) const {
-  return !(isRAUnsigned(Inst) || isRASigned(Inst));
-}
-
 std::optional<MCLandingPad> MCPlusBuilder::getEHInfo(const MCInst &Inst) const {
   if (!isCall(Inst))
     return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Passes/CMakeLists.txt b/bolt/lib/Passes/CMakeLists.txt
index d7519518f186f..77d2bb9c2bcb5 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Passes/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/bolt/lib/Passes/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -17,14 +17,12 @@ add_llvm_library(LLVMBOLTPasses
   IdenticalCodeFolding.cpp
   IndirectCallPromotion.cpp
   Inliner.cpp
-  InsertNegateRAStatePass.cpp
   Instrumentation.cpp
   JTFootprintReduction.cpp
   LongJmp.cpp
   LoopInversionPass.cpp
   LivenessAnalysis.cpp
   MCF.cpp
-  MarkRAStates.cpp
   PatchEntries.cpp
   PAuthGadgetScanner.cpp
   PettisAndHansen.cpp
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.cpp b/bolt/lib/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 33664e1160a7b..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/lib/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-//===- bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.cpp ----------------------------===//
-//
-// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
-// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-//
-// This file implements the InsertNegateRAStatePass class. It inserts
-// OpNegateRAState CFIs to places where the state of two consecutive
-// instructions are different.
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-#include "bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.h"
-#include "bolt/Core/BinaryFunction.h"
-#include "bolt/Core/ParallelUtilities.h"
-#include <cstdlib>
-
-using namespace llvm;
-
-namespace llvm {
-namespace bolt {
-
-void InsertNegateRAState::runOnFunction(BinaryFunction &BF) {
-  BinaryContext &BC = BF.getBinaryContext();
-
-  if (BF.getState() == BinaryFunction::State::Empty)
-    return;
-
-  if (BF.getState() != BinaryFunction::State::CFG &&
-      BF.getState() != BinaryFunction::State::CFG_Finalized) {
-    BC.outs() << "BOLT-INFO: no CFG for " << BF.getPrintName()
-              << " in InsertNegateRAStatePass\n";
-    return;
-  }
-
-  inferUnknownStates(BF);
-
-  for (FunctionFragment &FF : BF.getLayout().fragments()) {
-    coverFunctionFragmentStart(BF, FF);
-    bool FirstIter = true;
-    MCInst PrevInst;
-    // As this pass runs after function splitting, we should only check
-    // consecutive instructions inside FunctionFragments.
-    for (BinaryBasicBlock *BB : FF) {
-      for (auto It = BB->begin(); It != BB->end(); ++It) {
-        MCInst &Inst = *It;
-        if (BC.MIB->isCFI(Inst))
-          continue;
-        if (!FirstIter) {
-          // Consecutive instructions with different RAState means we need to
-          // add a OpNegateRAState.
-          if ((BC.MIB->isRASigned(PrevInst) && BC.MIB->isRAUnsigned(Inst)) ||
-              (BC.MIB->isRAUnsigned(PrevInst) && BC.MIB->isRASigned(Inst))) {
-            It = BF.addCFIInstruction(
-                BB, It, MCCFIInstruction::createNegateRAState(nullptr));
-          }
-        } else {
-          FirstIter = false;
-        }
-        PrevInst = *It;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void InsertNegateRAState::coverFunctionFragmentStart(BinaryFunction &BF,
-                                                     FunctionFragment &FF) {
-  BinaryContext &BC = BF.getBinaryContext();
-  if (FF.empty())
-    return;
-  // Find the first BB in the FF which has Instructions.
-  // BOLT can generate empty BBs at function splitting which are only used as
-  // target labels. We should add the negate-ra-state CFI to the first
-  // non-empty BB.
-  auto *FirstNonEmpty =
-      std::find_if(FF.begin(), FF.end(), [](BinaryBasicBlock *BB) {
-        // getFirstNonPseudo returns BB.end() if it does not find any
-        // Instructions.
-        return BB->getFirstNonPseudo() != BB->end();
-      });
-  // If a function is already split in the input, the first FF can also start
-  // with Signed state. This covers that scenario as well.
-  if (BC.MIB->isRASigned(*((*FirstNonEmpty)->begin()))) {
-    BF.addCFIInstruction(*FirstNonEmpty, (*FirstNonEmpty)->begin(),
-                         MCCFIInstruction::createNegateRAState(nullptr));
-  }
-}
-
-void InsertNegateRAState::inferUnknownStates(BinaryFunction &BF) {
-  BinaryContext &BC = BF.getBinaryContext();
-  bool FirstIter = true;
-  MCInst PrevInst;
-  for (BinaryBasicBlock &BB : BF) {
-    for (MCInst &Inst : BB) {
-      if (BC.MIB->isCFI(Inst))
-        continue;
-
-      if (!FirstIter && BC.MIB->isRAStateUnknown(Inst)) {
-        if (BC.MIB->isRASigned(PrevInst) || BC.MIB->isPSignOnLR(PrevInst)) {
-          BC.MIB->setRASigned(Inst);
-        } else if (BC.MIB->isRAUnsigned(PrevInst) ||
-                   BC.MIB->isPAuthOnLR(PrevInst)) {
-          BC.MIB->setRAUnsigned(Inst);
-        }
-      } else {
-        FirstIter = false;
-      }
-      PrevInst = Inst;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-Error InsertNegateRAState::runOnFunctions(BinaryContext &BC) {
-  std::atomic<uint64_t> FunctionsModified{0};
-  ParallelUtilities::WorkFuncTy WorkFun = [&](BinaryFunction &BF) {
-    FunctionsModified++;
-    runOnFunction(BF);
-  };
-
-  ParallelUtilities::PredicateTy SkipPredicate = [&](const BinaryFunction &BF) {
-    // We can skip functions which did not include negate-ra-state CFIs. This
-    // includes code using pac-ret hardening as well, if the binary is
-    // compiled with `-fno-exceptions -fno-unwind-tables
-    // -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables`
-    return !BF.containedNegateRAState() || BF.isIgnored();
-  };
-
-  ParallelUtilities::runOnEachFunction(
-      BC, ParallelUtilities::SchedulingPolicy::SP_INST_LINEAR, WorkFun,
-      SkipPredicate, "InsertNegateRAStatePass");
-
-  BC.outs() << "BOLT-INFO: rewritten pac-ret DWARF info in "
-            << FunctionsModified << " out of " << BC.getBinaryFunctions().size()
-            << " functions "
-            << format("(%.2lf%%).\n", (100.0 * FunctionsModified) /
-                                          BC.getBinaryFunctions().size());
-  return Error::success();
-}
-
-} // end namespace bolt
-} // end namespace llvm
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Passes/MarkRAStates.cpp b/bolt/lib/Passes/MarkRAStates.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c5ce4aaa72c0..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/lib/Passes/MarkRAStates.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-//===- bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.cpp ---------------------------------===//
-//
-// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
-// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-//
-// This file implements the MarkRAStates class.
-// Three CFIs have an influence on the RA State of an instruction:
-// - NegateRAState flips the RA State,
-// - RememberState pushes the RA State to a stack,
-// - RestoreState pops the RA State from the stack.
-// These are saved as MCAnnotations on instructions they refer to at CFI
-// reading (in CFIReaderWriter::fillCFIInfoFor). In this pass, we can work out
-// the RA State of each instruction, and save it as new MCAnnotations. The new
-// annotations are Signing, Signed, Authenticating and Unsigned. After
-// optimizations, .cfi_negate_ra_state CFIs are added to the places where the
-// state changes in InsertNegateRAStatePass.
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-#include "bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.h"
-#include "bolt/Core/BinaryFunction.h"
-#include "bolt/Core/ParallelUtilities.h"
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <optional>
-#include <stack>
-
-using namespace llvm;
-
-namespace llvm {
-namespace bolt {
-
-bool MarkRAStates::runOnFunction(BinaryFunction &BF) {
-
-  BinaryContext &BC = BF.getBinaryContext();
-
-  for (const BinaryBasicBlock &BB : BF) {
-    for (const MCInst &Inst : BB) {
-      if ((BC.MIB->isPSignOnLR(Inst) ||
-           (BC.MIB->isPAuthOnLR(Inst) && !BC.MIB->isPAuthAndRet(Inst))) &&
-          !BC.MIB->hasNegateRAState(Inst)) {
-        // Not all functions have .cfi_negate_ra_state in them. But if one does,
-        // we expect psign/pauth instructions to have the hasNegateRAState
-        // annotation.
-        BF.setIgnored();
-        BC.outs() << "BOLT-INFO: inconsistent RAStates in function "
-                  << BF.getPrintName()
-                  << ": ptr sign/auth inst without .cfi_negate_ra_state\n";
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  bool RAState = BF.getInitialRAState();
-  std::stack<bool> RAStateStack;
-  RAStateStack.push(RAState);
-
-  for (BinaryBasicBlock &BB : BF) {
-    for (MCInst &Inst : BB) {
-      if (BC.MIB->isCFI(Inst))
-        continue;
-
-      if (BC.MIB->isPSignOnLR(Inst)) {
-        if (RAState) {
-          // RA signing instructions should only follow unsigned RA state.
-          BC.outs() << "BOLT-INFO: inconsistent RAStates in function "
-                    << BF.getPrintName()
-                    << ": ptr signing inst encountered in Signed RA state\n";
-          BF.setIgnored();
-          return false;
-        }
-        // The signing instruction itself is unsigned, the next will be
-        // signed.
-        BC.MIB->setRAUnsigned(Inst);
-      } else if (BC.MIB->isPAuthOnLR(Inst)) {
-        if (!RAState) {
-          // RA authenticating instructions should only follow signed RA state.
-          BC.outs() << "BOLT-INFO: inconsistent RAStates in function "
-                    << BF.getPrintName()
-                    << ": ptr authenticating inst encountered in Unsigned RA "
-                       "state\n";
-          BF.setIgnored();
-          return false;
-        }
-        // The authenticating instruction itself is signed, but the next will be
-        // unsigned.
-        BC.MIB->setRASigned(Inst);
-      } else if (RAState) {
-        BC.MIB->setRASigned(Inst);
-      } else {
-        BC.MIB->setRAUnsigned(Inst);
-      }
-
-      // Updating RAState. All updates are valid from the next instruction.
-      // Because the same instruction can have remember and restore, the order
-      // here is relevant. This is the reason to loop over Annotations instead
-      // of just checking each in a predefined order.
-      for (unsigned int Idx = 0; Idx < Inst.getNumOperands(); Idx++) {
-        std::optional<int64_t> Annotation =
-            BC.MIB->getAnnotationAtOpIndex(Inst, Idx);
-        if (!Annotation)
-          continue;
-        if (Annotation == MCPlus::MCAnnotation::kNegateState)
-          RAState = !RAState;
-        else if (Annotation == MCPlus::MCAnnotation::kRememberState)
-          RAStateStack.push(RAState);
-        else if (Annotation == MCPlus::MCAnnotation::kRestoreState) {
-          RAState = RAStateStack.top();
-          RAStateStack.pop();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-Error MarkRAStates::runOnFunctions(BinaryContext &BC) {
-  std::atomic<uint64_t> FunctionsIgnored{0};
-  ParallelUtilities::WorkFuncTy WorkFun = [&](BinaryFunction &BF) {
-    if (!runOnFunction(BF)) {
-      FunctionsIgnored++;
-    }
-  };
-
-  ParallelUtilities::PredicateTy SkipPredicate = [&](const BinaryFunction &BF) {
-    // We can skip functions which did not include negate-ra-state CFIs. This
-    // includes code using pac-ret hardening as well, if the binary is
-    // compiled with `-fno-exceptions -fno-unwind-tables
-    // -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables`
-    return !BF.containedNegateRAState() || BF.isIgnored();
-  };
-
-  int Total = llvm::count_if(
-      BC.getBinaryFunctions(),
-      [&](std::pair<const unsigned long, BinaryFunction> &P) {
-        return P.second.containedNegateRAState() && !P.second.isIgnored();
-      });
-
-  ParallelUtilities::runOnEachFunction(
-      BC, ParallelUtilities::SchedulingPolicy::SP_INST_LINEAR, WorkFun,
-      SkipPredicate, "MarkRAStates");
-  BC.outs() << "BOLT-INFO: MarkRAStates ran on " << Total
-            << " functions. Ignored " << FunctionsIgnored << " functions "
-            << format("(%.2lf%%)", (100.0 * FunctionsIgnored) / Total)
-            << " because of CFI inconsistencies\n";
-
-  return Error::success();
-}
-
-} // end namespace bolt
-} // end namespace llvm
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Rewrite/BinaryPassManager.cpp b/bolt/lib/Rewrite/BinaryPassManager.cpp
index 782137e807662..d9b7a2bd9a14c 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Rewrite/BinaryPassManager.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Rewrite/BinaryPassManager.cpp
@@ -19,13 +19,11 @@
 #include "bolt/Passes/IdenticalCodeFolding.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/IndirectCallPromotion.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/Inliner.h"
-#include "bolt/Passes/InsertNegateRAStatePass.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/Instrumentation.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/JTFootprintReduction.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/LongJmp.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/LoopInversionPass.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/MCF.h"
-#include "bolt/Passes/MarkRAStates.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/PLTCall.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/PatchEntries.h"
 #include "bolt/Passes/ProfileQualityStats.h"
@@ -278,12 +276,6 @@ static cl::opt<bool> ShortenInstructions("shorten-instructions",
                                          cl::desc("shorten instructions"),
                                          cl::init(true),
                                          cl::cat(BoltOptCategory));
-
-cl::opt<bool>
-    UpdateBranchProtection("update-branch-protection",
-                           cl::desc("Rewrites pac-ret DWARF CFI instructions "
-                                    "(AArch64-only, on by default)"),
-                           cl::init(true), cl::Hidden, cl::cat(BoltCategory));
 } // namespace opts
 
 namespace llvm {
@@ -361,9 +353,6 @@ Error BinaryFunctionPassManager::runPasses() {
 Error BinaryFunctionPassManager::runAllPasses(BinaryContext &BC) {
   BinaryFunctionPassManager Manager(BC);
 
-  if (BC.isAArch64())
-    Manager.registerPass(std::make_unique<MarkRAStates>());
-
   Manager.registerPass(
       std::make_unique<EstimateEdgeCounts>(PrintEstimateEdgeCounts));
 
@@ -523,8 +512,6 @@ Error BinaryFunctionPassManager::runAllPasses(BinaryContext &BC) {
     // targets. No extra instructions after this pass, otherwise we may have
     // relocations out of range and crash during linking.
     Manager.registerPass(std::make_unique<LongJmpPass>(PrintLongJmp));
-
-    Manager.registerPass(std::make_unique<InsertNegateRAState>());
   }
 
   // This pass should always run last.*
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Rewrite/RewriteInstance.cpp b/bolt/lib/Rewrite/RewriteInstance.cpp
index c428828956ca0..ddf934796e92e 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Rewrite/RewriteInstance.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Rewrite/RewriteInstance.cpp
@@ -3524,17 +3524,6 @@ void RewriteInstance::disassembleFunctions() {
       }
     }
 
-    // Check if fillCFIInfoFor removed any OpNegateRAState CFIs from the
-    // function.
-    if (Function.containedNegateRAState()) {
-      if (!opts::UpdateBranchProtection) {
-        BC->errs()
-            << "BOLT-ERROR: --update-branch-protection is set to false, but "
-            << Function.getPrintName() << " contains .cfi-negate-ra-state\n";
-        exit(1);
-      }
-    }
-
     // Parse LSDA.
     if (Function.getLSDAAddress() != 0 &&
         !BC->getFragmentsToSkip().count(&Function)) {
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Target/AArch64/AArch64MCPlusBuilder.cpp b/bolt/lib/Target/AArch64/AArch64MCPlusBuilder.cpp
index df4f42128605e..f271867cb2004 100644
--- a/bolt/lib/Target/AArch64/AArch64MCPlusBuilder.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Target/AArch64/AArch64MCPlusBuilder.cpp
@@ -244,28 +244,6 @@ class AArch64MCPlusBuilder : public MCPlusBuilder {
     }
   }
 
-  bool isPSignOnLR(const MCInst &Inst) const override {
-    std::optional<MCPhysReg> SignReg = getSignedReg(Inst);
-    return SignReg && *SignReg == AArch64::LR;
-  }
-
-  bool isPAuthOnLR(const MCInst &Inst) const override {
-    // LDR(A|B) should not be covered.
-    bool IsChecked;
-    std::optional<MCPhysReg> AuthReg =
-        getWrittenAuthenticatedReg(Inst, IsChecked);
-    return !IsChecked && AuthReg && *AuthReg == AArch64::LR;
-  }
-
-  bool isPAuthAndRet(const MCInst &Inst) const override {
-    return Inst.getOpcode() == AArch64::RETAA ||
-           Inst.getOpcode() == AArch64::RETAB ||
-           Inst.getOpcode() == AArch64::RETAASPPCi ||
-           Inst.getOpcode() == AArch64::RETABSPPCi ||
-           Inst.getOpcode() == AArch64::RETAASPPCr ||
-           Inst.getOpcode() == AArch64::RETABSPPCr;
-  }
-
   std::optional<MCPhysReg> getSignedReg(const MCInst &Inst) const override {
     switch (Inst.getOpcode()) {
     case AArch64::PACIA:
diff --git a/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-disallow.s b/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-disallow.s
deleted file mode 100644
index 95adb7146cfce..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-disallow.s
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# RUN: llvm-mc -filetype=obj -triple aarch64-unknown-unknown %s -o %t.o
-# RUN: %clang %cflags  %t.o -o %t.exe -Wl,-q
-# RUN: not llvm-bolt %t.exe -o %t.exe.bolt --update-branch-protection=false 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
-
-# CHECK: BOLT-ERROR: --update-branch-protection is set to false, but foo contains .cfi-negate-ra-state
-
-  .text
-  .globl  foo
-  .p2align        2
-  .type   foo, at function
-foo:
-  .cfi_startproc
-  hint    #25
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  mov x1, #0
-  hint    #29
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  ret
-  .cfi_endproc
-  .size   foo, .-foo
-
-  .global _start
-  .type _start, %function
-_start:
-  b foo
diff --git a/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-incorrect.s b/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-incorrect.s
deleted file mode 100644
index 14d2c384a877d..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-incorrect.s
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-# This test checks that MarkRAStates pass ignores functions with
-# malformed .cfi_negate_ra_state sequences in the input binary.
-
-# The cases checked are:
-#   - extra .cfi_negate_ra_state in Signed state: checked in foo,
-#   - extra .cfi_negate_ra_state in Unsigned state: checked in bar,
-#   - missing .cfi_negate_ra_state from PSign or PAuth instructions: checked in baz.
-
-# RUN: llvm-mc -filetype=obj -triple aarch64-unknown-unknown %s -o %t.o
-# RUN: %clang %cflags  %t.o -o %t.exe -Wl,-q
-# RUN: llvm-bolt %t.exe -o %t.exe.bolt --no-threads | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK-BOLT
-
-# CHECK-BOLT: BOLT-INFO: inconsistent RAStates in function foo: ptr authenticating inst encountered in Unsigned RA state
-# CHECK-BOLT: BOLT-INFO: inconsistent RAStates in function bar: ptr signing inst encountered in Signed RA state
-# CHECK-BOLT: BOLT-INFO: inconsistent RAStates in function baz: ptr sign/auth inst without .cfi_negate_ra_state
-
-# Check that the incorrect functions got ignored, so they are not in the new .text section
-# RUN: llvm-objdump %t.exe.bolt -d -j .text | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK-OBJDUMP
-# CHECK-OBJDUMP-NOT: <foo>:
-# CHECK-OBJDUMP-NOT: <bar>:
-# CHECK-OBJDUMP-NOT: <baz>:
-
-
-  .text
-  .globl  foo
-  .p2align        2
-  .type   foo, at function
-foo:
-  .cfi_startproc
-  hint    #25
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  mov x1, #0
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state        // Incorrect CFI in signed state
-  hint    #29
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  ret
-  .cfi_endproc
-  .size   foo, .-foo
-
-  .text
-  .globl  bar
-  .p2align        2
-  .type   bar, at function
-bar:
-  .cfi_startproc
-  mov x1, #0
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state      // Incorrect CFI in unsigned state
-  hint    #25
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  mov x1, #0
-  hint    #29
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  ret
-  .cfi_endproc
-  .size   bar, .-bar
-
-  .text
-  .globl  baz
-  .p2align        2
-  .type   baz, at function
-baz:
-  .cfi_startproc
-  mov x1, #0
-  hint    #25
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  mov x1, #0
-  hint    #29
-                            // Missing .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  ret
-  .cfi_endproc
-  .size   baz, .-baz
-
-  .global _start
-  .type _start, %function
-_start:
-  b foo
-  b bar
-  b baz
diff --git a/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-reorder.s b/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-reorder.s
deleted file mode 100644
index 2659f75aff9c9..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state-reorder.s
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-# Checking that after reordering BasicBlocks, the generated OpNegateRAState instructions
-# are placed where the RA state is different between two consecutive instructions.
-# This case demonstrates, that the input might have a different amount than the output:
-# input has 4, but output only has 3.
-
-# RUN: llvm-mc -filetype=obj -triple aarch64-unknown-unknown %s -o %t.o
-# RUN: %clang %cflags  %t.o -o %t.exe -Wl,-q
-# RUN: llvm-bolt %t.exe -o %t.exe.bolt --no-threads --reorder-blocks=reverse \
-# RUN: --print-cfg --print-after-lowering --print-only foo | FileCheck %s
-
-# Check that the reordering succeeded.
-# CHECK: Binary Function "foo" after building cfg {
-# CHECK: BB Layout   : .LBB00, .Ltmp2, .Ltmp0, .Ltmp1
-# CHECK: Binary Function "foo" after inst-lowering {
-# CHECK: BB Layout   : .LBB00, .Ltmp1, .Ltmp0, .Ltmp2
-
-
-# Check the generated CFIs.
-# CHECK:         OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-NEXT:    mov     x2, #0x6
-
-# CHECK:         autiasp
-# CHECK-NEXT:    OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-NEXT:    ret
-
-# CHECK:         paciasp
-# CHECK-NEXT:    OpNegateRAState
-
-# CHECK:         DWARF CFI Instructions:
-# CHECK-NEXT:        0:  OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-NEXT:        1:  OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-NEXT:        2:  OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-NEXT:    End of Function "foo"
-
-  .text
-  .globl  foo
-  .p2align        2
-  .type   foo, at function
-foo:
-  .cfi_startproc
-  // RA is unsigned
-  mov x1, #0
-  mov x1, #1
-  mov x1, #2
-  // jump into the signed "range"
-  b .Lmiddle
-.Lback:
-// sign RA
-  paciasp
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  mov x2, #3
-  mov x2, #4
-  // skip unsigned instructions
-  b .Lcont
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-.Lmiddle:
-// RA is unsigned
-  mov x4, #5
-  b .Lback
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-.Lcont:
-// continue in signed state
-  mov x2, #6
-  autiasp
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  ret
-  .cfi_endproc
-  .size   foo, .-foo
-
-  .global _start
-  .type _start, %function
-_start:
-  b foo
diff --git a/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state.s b/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state.s
deleted file mode 100644
index 30786d4ef9f70..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/test/AArch64/negate-ra-state.s
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-# Checking that .cfi-negate_ra_state directives are emitted in the same location as in the input in the case of no optimizations.
-
-# The foo and bar functions are a pair, with the first signing the return address,
-# and the second authenticating it. We have a tailcall between the two.
-# This is testing that BOLT can handle functions starting in signed RA state.
-
-# RUN: llvm-mc -filetype=obj -triple aarch64-unknown-unknown %s -o %t.o
-# RUN: %clang %cflags  %t.o -o %t.exe -Wl,-q
-# RUN: llvm-bolt %t.exe -o %t.exe.bolt --no-threads --print-all | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK-BOLT
-
-# Check that the negate-ra-state at the start of bar is not discarded.
-# If it was discarded, MarkRAState would report bar as having inconsistent RAStates.
-# This is testing the handling of initialRAState on the BinaryFunction.
-# CHECK-BOLT-NOT: BOLT-INFO: inconsistent RAStates in function foo
-# CHECK-BOLT-NOT: BOLT-INFO: inconsistent RAStates in function bar
-
-# Check that OpNegateRAState CFIs are generated correctly.
-# CHECK-BOLT: Binary Function "foo" after insert-negate-ra-state-pass {
-# CHECK-BOLT:         paciasp
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:    OpNegateRAState
-
-# CHECK-BOLT:      DWARF CFI Instructions:
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:     0:  OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT: End of Function "foo"
-
-# CHECK-BOLT: Binary Function "bar" after insert-negate-ra-state-pass {
-# CHECK-BOLT:         OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:    mov     x1, #0x0
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:    mov     x1, #0x1
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:    autiasp
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:    OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:    ret
-
-# CHECK-BOLT:     DWARF CFI Instructions:
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:     0:  OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT:     1:  OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-BOLT-NEXT: End of Function "bar"
-
-# End of negate-ra-state insertion logs for foo and bar.
-# CHECK: Binary Function "_start" after insert-negate-ra-state-pass {
-
-# Check that the functions are in the new .text section
-# RUN: llvm-objdump %t.exe.bolt -d -j .text | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK-OBJDUMP
-# CHECK-OBJDUMP: <foo>:
-# CHECK-OBJDUMP: <bar>:
-
-
-  .text
-  .globl  foo
-  .p2align        2
-  .type   foo, at function
-foo:
-  .cfi_startproc
-  paciasp
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  mov x1, #0
-  b bar
-  .cfi_endproc
-  .size   foo, .-foo
-
-
-
-  .text
-  .globl  bar
-  .p2align        2
-  .type   bar, at function
-bar:
-  .cfi_startproc
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state    // Indicating that RA is signed from the start of bar.
-  mov x1, #0
-  mov x1, #1
-  autiasp
-  .cfi_negate_ra_state
-  ret
-  .cfi_endproc
-  .size   bar, .-bar
diff --git a/bolt/test/AArch64/pacret-split-funcs.s b/bolt/test/AArch64/pacret-split-funcs.s
deleted file mode 100644
index 27b3471045523..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/test/AArch64/pacret-split-funcs.s
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# Checking that we generate an OpNegateRAState CFI after the split point,
-# when splitting a region with signed RA state.
-# We split at the fallthrough label.
-
-# REQUIRES: system-linux
-
-# RUN: %clang %s %cflags -march=armv8.3-a -Wl,-q -o %t
-# RUN: link_fdata --no-lbr %s %t %t.fdata
-# RUN: llvm-bolt %t -o %t.bolt --data %t.fdata -split-functions \
-# RUN: --print-only foo --print-split --print-all 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
-
-# Checking that we don't see any OpNegateRAState CFIs before the insertion pass.
-# CHECK-NOT: OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK: Binary Function "foo" after insert-negate-ra-state-pass
-
-# CHECK:       paciasp
-# CHECK-NEXT:  OpNegateRAState
-
-# CHECK: -------   HOT-COLD SPLIT POINT   -------
-
-# CHECK:         OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-NEXT:    mov x0, #0x1
-# CHECK-NEXT:    autiasp
-# CHECK-NEXT:    OpNegateRAState
-# CHECK-NEXT:    ret
-
-# End of the insert-negate-ra-state-pass logs
-# CHECK: Binary Function "foo" after finalize-functions
-
-  .text
-  .globl  foo
-  .type foo, %function
-foo:
-.cfi_startproc
-.entry_bb:
-# FDATA: 1 foo #.entry_bb# 10
-     paciasp
-    .cfi_negate_ra_state     // indicating that paciasp changed the RA state to signed
-    cmp x0, #0
-    b.eq .Lcold_bb1
-.Lfallthrough:               // split point
-    mov x0, #1
-    autiasp
-    .cfi_negate_ra_state     // indicating that autiasp changed the RA state to unsigned
-    ret
-.Lcold_bb1:                  // Instructions below are not important, they are just here so the cold block is not empty.
-    .cfi_negate_ra_state     // ret has unsigned RA state, but the next inst (autiasp) has signed RA state
-    mov x0, #2
-    retaa
-.cfi_endproc
-  .size foo, .-foo
-
-## Force relocation mode.
-.reloc 0, R_AARCH64_NONE
diff --git a/bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/negate-ra-state.cpp b/bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/negate-ra-state.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 60b0b08950b58..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/negate-ra-state.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-// REQUIRES: system-linux,bolt-runtime
-
-// RUN: %clangxx --target=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \
-// RUN: -mbranch-protection=pac-ret -Wl,-q %s -o %t.exe
-// RUN: llvm-bolt %t.exe -o %t.bolt.exe
-// RUN: %t.bolt.exe | FileCheck %s
-
-// CHECK: Exception caught: Exception from bar().
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <stdexcept>
-
-void bar() { throw std::runtime_error("Exception from bar()."); }
-
-void foo() {
-  try {
-    bar();
-  } catch (const std::exception &e) {
-    printf("Exception caught: %s\n", e.what());
-  }
-}
-
-int main() {
-  foo();
-  return 0;
-}
diff --git a/bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/pacret-function-split.cpp b/bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/pacret-function-split.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 208fc5c115571..0000000000000
--- a/bolt/test/runtime/AArch64/pacret-function-split.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/* This test check that the negate-ra-state CFIs are properly emitted in case of
-   function splitting. The test checks two things:
-    - we split at the correct location: to test the feature,
-        we need to split *before* the bl __cxa_throw at PLT call is made,
-        so the unwinder has to unwind from the split (cold) part.
-
-    - the BOLTed binary runs, and returns the string from foo.
-
-# REQUIRES: system-linux,bolt-runtime
-
-# FDATA: 1 main #split# 1 _Z3foov 0 0 1
-
-# RUN: %clangxx --target=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \
-# RUN: -mbranch-protection=pac-ret %s -o %t.exe -Wl,-q
-# RUN: link_fdata %s %t.exe %t.fdata
-# RUN: llvm-bolt %t.exe -o %t.bolt --split-functions --split-eh \
-# RUN: --split-strategy=profile2 --split-all-cold --print-split \
-# RUN: --print-only=_Z3foov --data=%t.fdata 2>&1 | FileCheck \
-# RUN: --check-prefix=BOLT-CHECK %s
-# RUN: %t.bolt | FileCheck %s  --check-prefix=RUN-CHECK
-
-# BOLT-CHECK-NOT: bl      __cxa_throw at PLT
-# BOLT-CHECK: -------   HOT-COLD SPLIT POINT   -------
-# BOLT-CHECK: bl      __cxa_throw at PLT
-
-# RUN-CHECK: Exception caught: Exception from foo().
-*/
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <stdexcept>
-
-void foo() { throw std::runtime_error("Exception from foo()."); }
-
-int main() {
-  try {
-    __asm__ __volatile__("split:");
-    foo();
-  } catch (const std::exception &e) {
-    printf("Exception caught: %s\n", e.what());
-  }
-  return 0;
-}



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