[lld] [llvm] [lld][MachO] Follow-up to use madvise() for threaded file page-in. (PR #157917)

John Holdsworth via llvm-commits llvm-commits at lists.llvm.org
Thu Sep 18 02:58:28 PDT 2025


https://github.com/johnno1962 updated https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/157917

>From 65e433cf48c96cc08d65e51f384bde4f17c067e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 2025 20:03:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/13] Switch to use madvise() to page-in files.

---
 lld/MachO/Driver.cpp | 17 +++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
index 3db638e1ead96..2495d268cfb71 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@
 #include "llvm/TextAPI/Architecture.h"
 #include "llvm/TextAPI/PackedVersion.h"
 
+#if !_WIN32
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#endif
+
 using namespace llvm;
 using namespace llvm::MachO;
 using namespace llvm::object;
@@ -334,11 +338,10 @@ class SerialBackgroundQueue {
 // This code forces the page-ins on multiple threads so
 // the process is not stalled waiting on disk buffer i/o.
 void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
-  static const size_t pageSize = Process::getPageSizeEstimate();
   static const size_t largeArchive = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   using namespace std::chrono;
-  std::atomic_int numDeferedFilesTouched = 0;
+  std::atomic_int numDeferedFilesAdvised = 0;
   static std::atomic_uint64_t totalBytes = 0;
   auto t0 = high_resolution_clock::now();
 #endif
@@ -349,13 +352,19 @@ void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
       return;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     totalBytes += buff.size();
-    numDeferedFilesTouched += 1;
+    numDeferedFilesAdvised += 1;
 #endif
 
+#if _WIN32
+    static const size_t pageSize = Process::getPageSizeEstimate();
     // Reference all file's mmap'd pages to load them into memory.
     for (const char *page = buff.data(), *end = page + buff.size(); page < end;
          page += pageSize)
       LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED volatile char t = *page;
+#else
+    // Advise that mmap'd files should be loaded into memory.
+    madvise((void *)buff.data(), buff.size(), MADV_WILLNEED);
+#endif
   };
 #if LLVM_ENABLE_THREADS
   { // Create scope for waiting for the taskGroup
@@ -376,7 +385,7 @@ void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
   auto dt = high_resolution_clock::now() - t0;
   if (Process::GetEnv("LLD_MULTI_THREAD_PAGE"))
     llvm::dbgs() << "multiThreadedPageIn " << totalBytes << "/"
-                 << numDeferedFilesTouched << "/" << deferred.size() << "/"
+                 << numDeferedFilesAdvised << "/" << deferred.size() << "/"
                  << duration_cast<milliseconds>(dt).count() / 1000. << "\n";
 #endif
 }

>From 59e77f5a5d7e09cf30a900d452ba0a15650a6588 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 07:37:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/13] Response to review.

---
 lld/MachO/Driver.cpp | 27 ++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
index 2495d268cfb71..03f1b4038beeb 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
@@ -338,34 +338,37 @@ class SerialBackgroundQueue {
 // This code forces the page-ins on multiple threads so
 // the process is not stalled waiting on disk buffer i/o.
 void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
-  static const size_t largeArchive = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
   using namespace std::chrono;
-  std::atomic_int numDeferedFilesAdvised = 0;
+  static const size_t pageSize = Process::getPageSizeEstimate();
+  static const size_t largeArchive = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
   static std::atomic_uint64_t totalBytes = 0;
+  std::atomic_int numDeferedFilesAdvised = 0;
   auto t0 = high_resolution_clock::now();
-#endif
 
   auto preloadDeferredFile = [&](const DeferredFile &deferredFile) {
     const StringRef &buff = deferredFile.buffer.getBuffer();
     if (buff.size() > largeArchive)
       return;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
+    if (((uintptr_t)buff.data() & (pageSize - 1)))
+      return; // Not mmap()'d (not page aligned).
+
     totalBytes += buff.size();
     numDeferedFilesAdvised += 1;
-#endif
 
 #if _WIN32
-    static const size_t pageSize = Process::getPageSizeEstimate();
     // Reference all file's mmap'd pages to load them into memory.
     for (const char *page = buff.data(), *end = page + buff.size(); page < end;
          page += pageSize)
       LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED volatile char t = *page;
 #else
-    // Advise that mmap'd files should be loaded into memory.
-    madvise((void *)buff.data(), buff.size(), MADV_WILLNEED);
+    if (madvise((void *)buff.data(), buff.size(), MADV_WILLNEED) < 0)
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+      llvm::errs() << "madvise() error " << strerror(errno)
+#endif
+          ;
 #endif
   };
+
 #if LLVM_ENABLE_THREADS
   { // Create scope for waiting for the taskGroup
     std::atomic_size_t index = 0;
@@ -380,14 +383,16 @@ void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
         }
       });
   }
+#else
+  for (const auto &file : deferred)
+    preloadDeferredFile(file);
 #endif
-#ifndef NDEBUG
+
   auto dt = high_resolution_clock::now() - t0;
   if (Process::GetEnv("LLD_MULTI_THREAD_PAGE"))
     llvm::dbgs() << "multiThreadedPageIn " << totalBytes << "/"
                  << numDeferedFilesAdvised << "/" << deferred.size() << "/"
                  << duration_cast<milliseconds>(dt).count() / 1000. << "\n";
-#endif
 }
 
 static void multiThreadedPageIn(const DeferredFiles &deferred) {

>From 298380eb921bae4f2507aebf5b59611d76a41117 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 08:53:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/13] Use LLVM_DEBUG.

---
 lld/MachO/Driver.cpp | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
index 03f1b4038beeb..ee0c7ec80f993 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "llvm/Object/Archive.h"
 #include "llvm/Option/ArgList.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Parallel.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Path.h"
@@ -361,11 +362,10 @@ void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
          page += pageSize)
       LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED volatile char t = *page;
 #else
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "lld-madvise"
     if (madvise((void *)buff.data(), buff.size(), MADV_WILLNEED) < 0)
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-      llvm::errs() << "madvise() error " << strerror(errno)
-#endif
-          ;
+      LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << "madvise() error: " << strerror(errno));
+#undef DEBUG_TYPE
 #endif
   };
 

>From e31984b250c3fdd7980efdfe5683c155b409d826 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 17:19:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/13] Page align buffer pointer and address 2 second
 performance regression introduced by:
 https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/85cd3d98686c47d015dbcc17f1f7d0714b00e172

---
 lld/MachO/Driver.cpp        | 7 +++----
 lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp    | 3 ++-
 llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp | 3 ++-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
index ee0c7ec80f993..f652e195ffc5e 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
@@ -350,8 +350,6 @@ void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
     const StringRef &buff = deferredFile.buffer.getBuffer();
     if (buff.size() > largeArchive)
       return;
-    if (((uintptr_t)buff.data() & (pageSize - 1)))
-      return; // Not mmap()'d (not page aligned).
 
     totalBytes += buff.size();
     numDeferedFilesAdvised += 1;
@@ -363,8 +361,9 @@ void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
       LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED volatile char t = *page;
 #else
 #define DEBUG_TYPE "lld-madvise"
-    if (madvise((void *)buff.data(), buff.size(), MADV_WILLNEED) < 0)
-      LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << "madvise() error: " << strerror(errno));
+    auto aligned = llvm::alignAddr(buff.data(), Align(pageSize));
+    if (madvise((void *)aligned, buff.size(), MADV_WILLNEED) < 0)
+      LLVM_DEBUG(llvm::dbgs() << "madvise error: " << strerror(errno) << "\n");
 #undef DEBUG_TYPE
 #endif
   };
diff --git a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
index 442fc608865d2..29a83eaeb0da5 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@ std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
   if (entry != cachedReads.end())
     return entry->second;
 
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr = MemoryBuffer::getFile(path);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr =
+      MemoryBuffer::getFile(path, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false);
   if (std::error_code ec = mbOrErr.getError()) {
     error("cannot open " + path + ": " + ec.message());
     return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
index 92f31c909efd4..445bd6b4609d8 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
@@ -584,7 +584,8 @@ Expected<StringRef> Archive::Child::getBuffer() const {
   if (!FullNameOrErr)
     return FullNameOrErr.takeError();
   const std::string &FullName = *FullNameOrErr;
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf = MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf =
+      MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false);
   if (std::error_code EC = Buf.getError())
     return errorCodeToError(EC);
   Parent->ThinBuffers.push_back(std::move(*Buf));

>From 884b771e18b305b6d15b789dbb40d8025798e7cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 20:25:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/13] Alternative solution to performance regression.

---
 lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp          | 3 +--
 llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp       | 3 +--
 llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp | 6 ++++--
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
index 29a83eaeb0da5..442fc608865d2 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
@@ -217,8 +217,7 @@ std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
   if (entry != cachedReads.end())
     return entry->second;
 
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr =
-      MemoryBuffer::getFile(path, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr = MemoryBuffer::getFile(path);
   if (std::error_code ec = mbOrErr.getError()) {
     error("cannot open " + path + ": " + ec.message());
     return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
index 445bd6b4609d8..92f31c909efd4 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
@@ -584,8 +584,7 @@ Expected<StringRef> Archive::Child::getBuffer() const {
   if (!FullNameOrErr)
     return FullNameOrErr.takeError();
   const std::string &FullName = *FullNameOrErr;
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf =
-      MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf = MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName);
   if (std::error_code EC = Buf.getError())
     return errorCodeToError(EC);
   Parent->ThinBuffers.push_back(std::move(*Buf));
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
index 1c4645ad83641..9c08a197a6987 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
@@ -505,8 +505,10 @@ getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
       // On at least Linux, and possibly on other systems, mmap may return pages
       // from the page cache that are not properly filled with trailing zeroes,
       // if some prior user of the page wrote non-zero bytes. Detect this and
-      // don't use mmap in that case.
-      if (!RequiresNullTerminator || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
+      // don't use mmap in that case (unless it is object or archive file).
+      if (!RequiresNullTerminator || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0' ||
+          StringRef(Filename.str()).ends_with(".o") ||
+          StringRef(Filename.str()).ends_with(".a"))
         return std::move(Result);
     }
   }

>From 1b9b13998ba6f8caccaf3fdd8bea41d59beb403f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 22:04:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/13] Revert "Alternative solution to performance
 regression."

This reverts commit 884b771e18b305b6d15b789dbb40d8025798e7cc.
---
 lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp          | 3 ++-
 llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp       | 3 ++-
 llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp | 6 ++----
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
index 442fc608865d2..29a83eaeb0da5 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@ std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
   if (entry != cachedReads.end())
     return entry->second;
 
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr = MemoryBuffer::getFile(path);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr =
+      MemoryBuffer::getFile(path, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false);
   if (std::error_code ec = mbOrErr.getError()) {
     error("cannot open " + path + ": " + ec.message());
     return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
index 92f31c909efd4..445bd6b4609d8 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
@@ -584,7 +584,8 @@ Expected<StringRef> Archive::Child::getBuffer() const {
   if (!FullNameOrErr)
     return FullNameOrErr.takeError();
   const std::string &FullName = *FullNameOrErr;
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf = MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf =
+      MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false);
   if (std::error_code EC = Buf.getError())
     return errorCodeToError(EC);
   Parent->ThinBuffers.push_back(std::move(*Buf));
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
index 9c08a197a6987..1c4645ad83641 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
@@ -505,10 +505,8 @@ getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
       // On at least Linux, and possibly on other systems, mmap may return pages
       // from the page cache that are not properly filled with trailing zeroes,
       // if some prior user of the page wrote non-zero bytes. Detect this and
-      // don't use mmap in that case (unless it is object or archive file).
-      if (!RequiresNullTerminator || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0' ||
-          StringRef(Filename.str()).ends_with(".o") ||
-          StringRef(Filename.str()).ends_with(".a"))
+      // don't use mmap in that case.
+      if (!RequiresNullTerminator || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
         return std::move(Result);
     }
   }

>From f5fef9b15cd7f2224c004459ec06aeb52132f3d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 10:08:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/13] Format llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp

Co-authored-by: James Henderson <James.Henderson at sony.com>
---
 llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
index 445bd6b4609d8..bedd021092081 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ Expected<StringRef> Archive::Child::getBuffer() const {
     return FullNameOrErr.takeError();
   const std::string &FullName = *FullNameOrErr;
   ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf =
-      MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false);
+      MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator=*/false);
   if (std::error_code EC = Buf.getError())
     return errorCodeToError(EC);
   Parent->ThinBuffers.push_back(std::move(*Buf));

>From 80767a224a47eaad78950b1a8d0b0a75e096457e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 10:19:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/13] Format lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp

---
 lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
index 29a83eaeb0da5..bdc63f23f90b6 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
     return entry->second;
 
   ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr =
-      MemoryBuffer::getFile(path, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false);
+      MemoryBuffer::getFile(path, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator=*/false);
   if (std::error_code ec = mbOrErr.getError()) {
     error("cannot open " + path + ": " + ec.message());
     return std::nullopt;

>From f2654ae6e1bb7aa78a16badb1bcc9d6f1f824676 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 2025 16:56:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/13] A third alternative.

---
 lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp          |  3 +--
 llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp       |  3 +--
 llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp | 21 ++++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
index bdc63f23f90b6..442fc608865d2 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
@@ -217,8 +217,7 @@ std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
   if (entry != cachedReads.end())
     return entry->second;
 
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr =
-      MemoryBuffer::getFile(path, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator=*/false);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr = MemoryBuffer::getFile(path);
   if (std::error_code ec = mbOrErr.getError()) {
     error("cannot open " + path + ": " + ec.message());
     return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
index bedd021092081..92f31c909efd4 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
@@ -584,8 +584,7 @@ Expected<StringRef> Archive::Child::getBuffer() const {
   if (!FullNameOrErr)
     return FullNameOrErr.takeError();
   const std::string &FullName = *FullNameOrErr;
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf =
-      MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator=*/false);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf = MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName);
   if (std::error_code EC = Buf.getError())
     return errorCodeToError(EC);
   Parent->ThinBuffers.push_back(std::move(*Buf));
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
index 1c4645ad83641..5ded80cc20cd2 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
@@ -266,8 +266,9 @@ MemoryBuffer::getFile(const Twine &Filename, bool IsText,
 template <typename MB>
 static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
 getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
-                uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool RequiresNullTerminator,
-                bool IsVolatile, std::optional<Align> Alignment);
+                uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool IsText,
+                bool RequiresNullTerminator, bool IsVolatile,
+                std::optional<Align> Alignment);
 
 template <typename MB>
 static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
@@ -280,7 +281,8 @@ getFileAux(const Twine &Filename, uint64_t MapSize, uint64_t Offset,
     return errorToErrorCode(FDOrErr.takeError());
   sys::fs::file_t FD = *FDOrErr;
   auto Ret = getOpenFileImpl<MB>(FD, Filename, /*FileSize=*/-1, MapSize, Offset,
-                                 RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile, Alignment);
+                                 IsText, RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile,
+                                 Alignment);
   sys::fs::closeFile(FD);
   return Ret;
 }
@@ -468,8 +470,9 @@ WriteThroughMemoryBuffer::getFileSlice(const Twine &Filename, uint64_t MapSize,
 template <typename MB>
 static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
 getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
-                uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool RequiresNullTerminator,
-                bool IsVolatile, std::optional<Align> Alignment) {
+                uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool IsText,
+                bool RequiresNullTerminator, bool IsVolatile,
+                std::optional<Align> Alignment) {
   static int PageSize = sys::Process::getPageSizeEstimate();
 
   // Default is to map the full file.
@@ -506,7 +509,7 @@ getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
       // from the page cache that are not properly filled with trailing zeroes,
       // if some prior user of the page wrote non-zero bytes. Detect this and
       // don't use mmap in that case.
-      if (!RequiresNullTerminator || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
+      if (!IsText || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
         return std::move(Result);
     }
   }
@@ -555,8 +558,8 @@ MemoryBuffer::getOpenFile(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename,
                           uint64_t FileSize, bool RequiresNullTerminator,
                           bool IsVolatile, std::optional<Align> Alignment) {
   return getOpenFileImpl<MemoryBuffer>(FD, Filename, FileSize, FileSize, 0,
-                                       RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile,
-                                       Alignment);
+                                       false, RequiresNullTerminator,
+                                       IsVolatile, Alignment);
 }
 
 ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MemoryBuffer::getOpenFileSlice(
@@ -564,7 +567,7 @@ ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MemoryBuffer::getOpenFileSlice(
     bool IsVolatile, std::optional<Align> Alignment) {
   assert(MapSize != uint64_t(-1));
   return getOpenFileImpl<MemoryBuffer>(FD, Filename, -1, MapSize, Offset, false,
-                                       IsVolatile, Alignment);
+                                       false, IsVolatile, Alignment);
 }
 
 ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MemoryBuffer::getSTDIN() {

>From 198d9b08934af01f19a6fbe92e0d4a5928832d54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2025 09:36:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/13] Safer IsText option.

---
 llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
index 5ded80cc20cd2..5bd1f6ed80c86 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
       // from the page cache that are not properly filled with trailing zeroes,
       // if some prior user of the page wrote non-zero bytes. Detect this and
       // don't use mmap in that case.
-      if (!IsText || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
+      if (!IsText || !RequiresNullTerminator || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
         return std::move(Result);
     }
   }

>From 3dddb2aee0e763ad03497b07b2a152455ec4ae2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2025 20:45:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/13] Revert "Safer IsText option."

This reverts commit 198d9b08934af01f19a6fbe92e0d4a5928832d54.
---
 llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
index 5bd1f6ed80c86..5ded80cc20cd2 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
       // from the page cache that are not properly filled with trailing zeroes,
       // if some prior user of the page wrote non-zero bytes. Detect this and
       // don't use mmap in that case.
-      if (!IsText || !RequiresNullTerminator || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
+      if (!IsText || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
         return std::move(Result);
     }
   }

>From 41c3e615e4d1b3bb5c049a045442b653ee2c9706 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2025 20:46:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/13] Revert "A third alternative."

This reverts commit f2654ae6e1bb7aa78a16badb1bcc9d6f1f824676.
---
 lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp          |  3 ++-
 llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp       |  3 ++-
 llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp | 21 +++++++++------------
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
index 442fc608865d2..bdc63f23f90b6 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@ std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
   if (entry != cachedReads.end())
     return entry->second;
 
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr = MemoryBuffer::getFile(path);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr =
+      MemoryBuffer::getFile(path, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator=*/false);
   if (std::error_code ec = mbOrErr.getError()) {
     error("cannot open " + path + ": " + ec.message());
     return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
index 92f31c909efd4..bedd021092081 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Object/Archive.cpp
@@ -584,7 +584,8 @@ Expected<StringRef> Archive::Child::getBuffer() const {
   if (!FullNameOrErr)
     return FullNameOrErr.takeError();
   const std::string &FullName = *FullNameOrErr;
-  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf = MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName);
+  ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Buf =
+      MemoryBuffer::getFile(FullName, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator=*/false);
   if (std::error_code EC = Buf.getError())
     return errorCodeToError(EC);
   Parent->ThinBuffers.push_back(std::move(*Buf));
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
index 5ded80cc20cd2..1c4645ad83641 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/MemoryBuffer.cpp
@@ -266,9 +266,8 @@ MemoryBuffer::getFile(const Twine &Filename, bool IsText,
 template <typename MB>
 static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
 getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
-                uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool IsText,
-                bool RequiresNullTerminator, bool IsVolatile,
-                std::optional<Align> Alignment);
+                uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool RequiresNullTerminator,
+                bool IsVolatile, std::optional<Align> Alignment);
 
 template <typename MB>
 static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
@@ -281,8 +280,7 @@ getFileAux(const Twine &Filename, uint64_t MapSize, uint64_t Offset,
     return errorToErrorCode(FDOrErr.takeError());
   sys::fs::file_t FD = *FDOrErr;
   auto Ret = getOpenFileImpl<MB>(FD, Filename, /*FileSize=*/-1, MapSize, Offset,
-                                 IsText, RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile,
-                                 Alignment);
+                                 RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile, Alignment);
   sys::fs::closeFile(FD);
   return Ret;
 }
@@ -470,9 +468,8 @@ WriteThroughMemoryBuffer::getFileSlice(const Twine &Filename, uint64_t MapSize,
 template <typename MB>
 static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
 getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
-                uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool IsText,
-                bool RequiresNullTerminator, bool IsVolatile,
-                std::optional<Align> Alignment) {
+                uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool RequiresNullTerminator,
+                bool IsVolatile, std::optional<Align> Alignment) {
   static int PageSize = sys::Process::getPageSizeEstimate();
 
   // Default is to map the full file.
@@ -509,7 +506,7 @@ getOpenFileImpl(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
       // from the page cache that are not properly filled with trailing zeroes,
       // if some prior user of the page wrote non-zero bytes. Detect this and
       // don't use mmap in that case.
-      if (!IsText || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
+      if (!RequiresNullTerminator || *Result->getBufferEnd() == '\0')
         return std::move(Result);
     }
   }
@@ -558,8 +555,8 @@ MemoryBuffer::getOpenFile(sys::fs::file_t FD, const Twine &Filename,
                           uint64_t FileSize, bool RequiresNullTerminator,
                           bool IsVolatile, std::optional<Align> Alignment) {
   return getOpenFileImpl<MemoryBuffer>(FD, Filename, FileSize, FileSize, 0,
-                                       false, RequiresNullTerminator,
-                                       IsVolatile, Alignment);
+                                       RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile,
+                                       Alignment);
 }
 
 ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MemoryBuffer::getOpenFileSlice(
@@ -567,7 +564,7 @@ ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MemoryBuffer::getOpenFileSlice(
     bool IsVolatile, std::optional<Align> Alignment) {
   assert(MapSize != uint64_t(-1));
   return getOpenFileImpl<MemoryBuffer>(FD, Filename, -1, MapSize, Offset, false,
-                                       false, IsVolatile, Alignment);
+                                       IsVolatile, Alignment);
 }
 
 ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MemoryBuffer::getSTDIN() {

>From be7af98b9a94bdb40a918130189544c8ab5232cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: John Holdsworth <github at johnholdsworth.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 11:07:02 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 13/13] Multi-threaded file opening/mapping.

---
 lld/MachO/Driver.cpp     | 31 +++++++++++++++++--------------
 lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp | 21 +++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
index f652e195ffc5e..e4f59280731be 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/Driver.cpp
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ static void saveThinArchiveToRepro(ArchiveFile const *file) {
 struct DeferredFile {
   StringRef path;
   bool isLazy;
-  MemoryBufferRef buffer;
+  std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> buffer;
 };
 using DeferredFiles = std::vector<DeferredFile>;
 
@@ -346,8 +346,10 @@ void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
   std::atomic_int numDeferedFilesAdvised = 0;
   auto t0 = high_resolution_clock::now();
 
-  auto preloadDeferredFile = [&](const DeferredFile &deferredFile) {
-    const StringRef &buff = deferredFile.buffer.getBuffer();
+  auto preloadDeferredFile = [&](DeferredFile &deferredFile) {
+    if (!deferredFile.buffer.has_value())
+      deferredFile.buffer = *readFile(deferredFile.path);
+    const StringRef &buff = (*deferredFile.buffer).getBuffer();
     if (buff.size() > largeArchive)
       return;
 
@@ -394,12 +396,9 @@ void multiThreadedPageInBackground(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
                  << duration_cast<milliseconds>(dt).count() / 1000. << "\n";
 }
 
-static void multiThreadedPageIn(const DeferredFiles &deferred) {
+static void multiThreadedPageIn(DeferredFiles &deferred) {
   static SerialBackgroundQueue pageInQueue;
-  pageInQueue.queueWork([=]() {
-    DeferredFiles files = deferred;
-    multiThreadedPageInBackground(files);
-  });
+  pageInQueue.queueWork([&]() { multiThreadedPageInBackground(deferred); });
 }
 
 static InputFile *processFile(std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> buffer,
@@ -574,13 +573,12 @@ static InputFile *addFile(StringRef path, LoadType loadType,
 }
 
 static void deferFile(StringRef path, bool isLazy, DeferredFiles &deferred) {
+  if (config->readWorkers)
+    return deferred.push_back({path, isLazy, std::nullopt});
   std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> buffer = readFile(path);
   if (!buffer)
     return;
-  if (config->readWorkers)
-    deferred.push_back({path, isLazy, *buffer});
-  else
-    processFile(buffer, nullptr, path, LoadType::CommandLine, isLazy);
+  processFile(buffer, nullptr, path, LoadType::CommandLine, isLazy);
 }
 
 static std::vector<StringRef> missingAutolinkWarnings;
@@ -1365,7 +1363,8 @@ static void createFiles(const InputArgList &args) {
   bool isLazy = false;
   // If we've processed an opening --start-lib, without a matching --end-lib
   bool inLib = false;
-  DeferredFiles deferredFiles;
+  static DeferredFiles deferredFiles;
+  deferredFiles.clear();
 
   for (const Arg *arg : args) {
     const Option &opt = arg->getOption();
@@ -1444,9 +1443,13 @@ static void createFiles(const InputArgList &args) {
   if (config->readWorkers) {
     multiThreadedPageIn(deferredFiles);
 
-    DeferredFiles archiveContents;
+    static DeferredFiles archiveContents;
     std::vector<ArchiveFile *> archives;
+    archiveContents.clear();
+
     for (auto &file : deferredFiles) {
+      if (!file.buffer.has_value())
+        file.buffer = readFile(file.path);
       auto inputFile = processFile(file.buffer, &archiveContents, file.path,
                                    LoadType::CommandLine, file.isLazy);
       if (ArchiveFile *archive = dyn_cast<ArchiveFile>(inputFile))
diff --git a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
index bdc63f23f90b6..88a7bb608d7ca 100644
--- a/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
+++ b/lld/MachO/InputFiles.cpp
@@ -212,10 +212,15 @@ static bool compatWithTargetArch(const InputFile *file, const Header *hdr) {
 DenseMap<CachedHashStringRef, MemoryBufferRef> macho::cachedReads;
 // Open a given file path and return it as a memory-mapped file.
 std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
+  static std::mutex mutex;
+  mutex.lock();
   CachedHashStringRef key(path);
   auto entry = cachedReads.find(key);
-  if (entry != cachedReads.end())
+  if (entry != cachedReads.end()) {
+    mutex.unlock();
     return entry->second;
+  }
+  mutex.unlock();
 
   ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> mbOrErr =
       MemoryBuffer::getFile(path, false, /*RequiresNullTerminator=*/false);
@@ -224,18 +229,23 @@ std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
     return std::nullopt;
   }
 
+  mutex.lock();
   std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> &mb = *mbOrErr;
   MemoryBufferRef mbref = mb->getMemBufferRef();
   make<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>(std::move(mb)); // take mb ownership
+  mutex.unlock();
 
   // If this is a regular non-fat file, return it.
   const char *buf = mbref.getBufferStart();
   const auto *hdr = reinterpret_cast<const fat_header *>(buf);
   if (mbref.getBufferSize() < sizeof(uint32_t) ||
       read32be(&hdr->magic) != FAT_MAGIC) {
+    mutex.lock();
     if (tar)
       tar->append(relativeToRoot(path), mbref.getBuffer());
-    return cachedReads[key] = mbref;
+    cachedReads[key] = mbref;
+    mutex.unlock();
+    return mbref;
   }
 
   llvm::BumpPtrAllocator &bAlloc = lld::bAlloc();
@@ -272,10 +282,13 @@ std::optional<MemoryBufferRef> macho::readFile(StringRef path) {
     uint32_t size = read32be(&arch[i].size);
     if (offset + size > mbref.getBufferSize())
       error(path + ": slice extends beyond end of file");
+    mutex.lock();
     if (tar)
       tar->append(relativeToRoot(path), mbref.getBuffer());
-    return cachedReads[key] = MemoryBufferRef(StringRef(buf + offset, size),
-                                              path.copy(bAlloc));
+    mbref = MemoryBufferRef(StringRef(buf + offset, size), path.copy(bAlloc));
+    cachedReads[key] = mbref;
+    mutex.unlock();
+    return mbref;
   }
 
   auto targetArchName = getArchName(target->cpuType, target->cpuSubtype);



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