[llvm] [SPIRV] Filter disallowed extensions for env (PR #150051)

[Nathan Gauër via llvm-commits]

https://github.com/Keenuts approved this pull request.

Just some extensions to remove/change, otherwise LGTM for the Vulkan side (haven't checked the OpenCL side of the extensions)

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/150051