[llvm] [LTO] Fix a crash with thin LTO caching and asm output (PR #138203)

[Alexey Karyakin via llvm-commits]

quic-akaryaki wrote:

> Is it possible to add a test for this? (At least one that would fail in an asan build?)

I have added a test.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/138203